NSE 111 Week 2 Infection Prevention & Control PDF

NSE 111 Week 2 Infection Prevention & Control 1 NSE 111 Week 2 Objectives 1. Explain how an infection develops in relation to the elements that make up the chain of infection. 2. Explain how the body protects itself against infection. 3. Describe what a heal...

NSE 111 Week 2 Infection Prevention & Control 1 NSE 111 Week 2 Objectives 1. Explain how an infection develops in relation to the elements that make up the chain of infection. 2. Explain how the body protects itself against infection. 3. Describe what a health care associated infection (HAI) is, how they develop, and relate the development of HAIs to clients who are most susceptible. 4. Explain what an antimicrobial resistant organism (ARO) is. 5. Differentiate between medical and surgical asepsis and recognize practices that are consistent with both. 6. Explain and understand the rationale and practices of routine practices (tier I) and the three levels of isolation precautions (tier 2). 7. Distinguish how routine practices and isolation precautions break the chain of infection. 8. Explain the psychological effects a person on isolation precautions might experience, and how the nurse could prevent these? 9. Examine a risk assessment approach for decision-making related to the use of isolation precautions.  Why should we examine infection control and prevention measures? Watch how easily microorganisms can spread! http://youtu.be/M8AKTACyiB0  What is the chain of infection? The chain of infection is made up of 6 different links Infections occur when all 6 links within the chain occur in this order Infectious agent Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Host Chain of Infection: Infectious Agent Resident Microorganisms Transient Microorganisms Breaking the Chain of Infection  Control or eliminate microorganisms Cleaning (ex. soap and water) Disinfection (ex. Use of bleach/cleaner) Sterilization  Asepsis The process for keeping away disease-producing microorganisms Minimizin Medical Asepsis – “Clean technique” g the Procedures used to reduce and Onset & prevent the spread of microorganisms the Spread of Surgical Asepsis – “Sterile Infection technique” Procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms, including pathogens and spores, from an object or area Chain of Infection: Reservoir Site where pathogens can survive, May or may not multiply Most common reservoir is the human body Other reservoirs include animals, food, water, insects Pathogens require an ideal environment for their survival Breaking the Chain of Infection Eliminate or control sources of body fluids, drainage or solutions that might harbor microorganisms Discard articles appropriately that have been contaminated with infectious wastes Chain of Infection: Portal of Exit The path by which the pathogen leaves the reservoir Exit routes in the human body include: Body openings Breaks in the skin Breaks in the mucus membranes Chain of Infection: Portal of Exit Prevent organisms from leaving the body Also includes use of protective clothing when handling contaminated substances. Chain of Infection: Modes of Transmission Route of transmission by which the pathogen travels from the reservoir to a host Routes include: Direct contact Indirect Contact Droplet transmission Vehicle transmission Airborne transmission Vectorborne transmission Breaking the Chain of Infection Limiting ways that microorganisms can be carried from objects/or people to others No sharing! Most important step: HAND HYGIENE Chain of Infection: Portal of Entry Path through which the pathogen can enter the body. Includes body openings, mucous membranes and breaks in the skin Breaking the Chain of Infection Limit the opportunities microorganisms have to enter the body Similar to controlling the portals of exit Chain of Infection: Susceptible Host Individual at risk Client, Staff, Visitors Susceptibility – degree of resistance to a pathogen may be dependent on: Age Illness Defense mechanisms Consider virulence of organism Maintain the Maintenance integrity of Breakin patient’s skin & of immunization g the mucous schedule membranes Chain Regular oral Adequate hygiene, of fluid intake bathing & Infectio and nutrition lubrication of 12 skin Health Care Associated Infections (HAI) infections people get while they are receiving health care for another condition. HAIs can happen in any health care facility, including hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, and long-term care facilities. Common HAIs are: Antibiotic-resistant organisms  Routine Practices What does it mean? ◼ Include the appropriate use of: ◼ Gowns ◼ Gloves ◼ Masks Why is mask fit testing necessary? ◼ Eye wear ◼ And other protective devices or clothing ◼ Include rules on appropriate handwashing, cleaning of equipment, and disposal of contaminated linen and sharps ◼ All clients have the potential to  Routine Practices From: Routine Practices & Additional Precautions in All Health Care 15 Settings, 3rd. Ed. Additional (Isolation) Precautions (Tier II) ◼Known or suspected infections caused by direct or indirect contact ◼E.g. MRSA, C.difficile, major wound infections; GI, skin or respiratory infections ◼Private room or cohort clients, gloves, gowns  Additional (Isolation) Precautions (Tier II) Known or suspected infections caused by microbes transmitted by droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking E.g. rubella, influenza, pertussis, mumps, diptheria, pneumonia (mycoplasmal & meningococcal) Private room or cohort clients, mask to be worn when within 2 meter of client Additional (Isolation) Precautions (Tier II) Known or suspected infections caused by microbes transmitted by airborne droplets E.g. measles, chickenpox (varicella), disseminated zoster (Shingles), TB Private room (door kept closed), negative pressure airflow, mask Psychological Implications of Isolation Precautions Patient’s may become lonely Body image may be altered Nurses need to improve patient’s sensory stimulation Clean environment Drapes or shades open Take time to listen to patient’s concerns Look for opportunities to converse with the patient Provide comfort measures Encourage the patient to be mobile in the room if able to Identify recreational activities that would interest the patient Lab Week 2 Preparation: 1. Review all required readings, PowerPoints and class notes. 2. Review the hand hygiene and PPE videos. 3. Bring to lab the Hand Hygiene and Donning/Removal of PPE Performance testing rubric. 4. If you have your scrubs uniform, bring it to lab to wear otherwise bring (short sleeve t-shirt, runners, joggers. 6. Reminder scrub uniforms are mandatory in lab class. We are providing a some leeway as students begin to purchase their scrubs. Next week Content: Mobility and Immobility