Systems Pathology Lecture Notes PDF
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Dr. Perryman
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Summary
These lecture notes cover the causes and manifestations of diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), including primary and secondary pathology, cerebral edema, and various types of brain herniations. The notes detail a range of conditions and their associated clinical effects.
Full Transcript
II. Causes of Disease of the CNS a. Primary CNS Pathology (10%) i. CVA ii. Epilepsy (Seizures) iii. Trauma iv. Tumors v. Infections vi. Cerebral edema b. Secondary CNS Pathology (90%) i. Circulatory failure ii. Cardiac disease iii. Metabolic causes iv. Chemical Causes...
II. Causes of Disease of the CNS a. Primary CNS Pathology (10%) i. CVA ii. Epilepsy (Seizures) iii. Trauma iv. Tumors v. Infections vi. Cerebral edema b. Secondary CNS Pathology (90%) i. Circulatory failure ii. Cardiac disease iii. Metabolic causes iv. Chemical Causes III. Manifestations of Disease of the CNS a. Cerebral edema with increased intracranial pressure i. Causes of increased intracranial pressure 1. Tumor 2. Infections 3. Hemorrhage or Hematoma 4. Infarction 5. Trauma 6. Hydrocephalus 7. Pseudotumor cerebri ii. Clinical effects of increased intracranial pressure 1. Headache 2. Vomiting 3. Papilledema - optic atrophy 4. Altered consciousness, seizures, bradypnea, bradycardia, with increased systolic and decreased diastolic, personality changes, cranial nerve palsies. b. Brain herniations An increase in ICP can lead to herniation of intracranial CNS structures and eventual development of “false localizing signs” to include the following: -Subfalcine (cingulate gyrus) herniation: -Transtentorial (uncinate) herniation: -Tonsillar herniation: -Caudal shift of brain stem: Duret hemorrhage Systems Pathology, Lecture Notes © Dr. Perryman 39
