Note-Taking Guide - Chapters 20 & 21 PDF

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): THE BASICS General lymphatic system function. What are the purposes of the lymphatic system? 1. 2. Where does the fluid collected in lymphatic vessels originate? Where do lymphatic vessels deliver the fluid? What moves lymph through lymphati...

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): THE BASICS General lymphatic system function. What are the purposes of the lymphatic system? 1. 2. Where does the fluid collected in lymphatic vessels originate? Where do lymphatic vessels deliver the fluid? What moves lymph through lymphatic vessels? Diagram the flow of lymph beginning in the tissues and ending in the right lymphatic duct. Diagram the flow of lymph beginning in the tissues and ending in the thoracic duct. Lymphatic tissues and organs. Use the charts below to understand the differences between lymphatic tissues and organs, as well as primary versus secondary lymphatic organs. Category Characteristics of category Organs or tissues within category Lymphatic tissues Lymphatic organs Category Characteristics of category Organs or tissues within category Primary lymphoid organs or tissues Secondary lymphoid organs or tissues Page 75  THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): THE BASICS Organ / tissue Function Where found in Other characteristics body Lymph nodes Spleen Thymus Tonsils Appendix Innate versus acquired immunity. Use the chart below to help you understand the differences between innate immune responses and acquired immune responses. Antigen = What is the difference between “foreign” antigens and “self” antigens? Under normal conditions, will your body attack your self antigens? Pathogen = Page 76  THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): THE BASICS Type of Are you born Is it reacting Relative Does the response Cells or components immunity with this against a strength get stronger with immunity or specific antigen of the each subsequent does it develop or any foreign response? exposure to over time? antigen? antigen? Innate Acquired Innate immunity: barriers. How does skin protect against pathogens? How do mucous membranes protect against pathogens? Innate immunity: inflammation: List out the steps that occur during an inflammation response: Define diapedesis: Why will the tissues show swelling any time that diapedesis occurs? What is a positive overall effect of inflammation? What is a possible negative overall consequence of inflammation? Use the chart below to better help you understand the roles of the cells involved in inflammation. Type of cell What triggers the cell to perform its function? Function of the cell Mast cells Page 77  THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): THE BASICS Type of cell What triggers the cell to perform its function? Function of the cell NK cells Phagocytes The three types of phagocytes involved in immune responses are: 1. 2. 3. Innate immunity: the complement system. Where are complement proteins found? What causes complement proteins to bind to a pathogen? What can happen to the pathogen once complement proteins are bound to it? 1. 2. Innate immunity: interferons. What are interferons? Use the chart below to help you understand the differences in the different interferons. Type of Which cell Why is interferon released? What is the response to the interferons? interferon releases the interferon? Interferon alpha Interferon beta Interferon gamma What is fever and why does it occur? Page 78  THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): THE BASICS Acquired immunity. Define the characteristics of acquired immunity **USING YOUR OWN WORDS** Characteristic Definition IN YOUR OWN WORDS of acquired immunity Sensitivity Systemic Memory APC stands for What do APC’s do? The three types of professional APCs are: 1. 2. 3. List out the general steps that happen the first time your body sees foreign antigen: List out the general steps that happen the second time your body sees foreign antigen (a memory response): Page 79  THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): THE BASICS What’s the difference between these immune responses? List two differences between a naïve cell and an activated cell? 1. 2. What is clonal expansion? What is a clone? When does clonal expansion happen? The two types of lymphocytes are cells and cells. cells come in two general varieties, which are cells and cells. Draw the flow of events for the activation of CD4 T cells: + → _→ _ → lots of (type of T cell) (type of APC) (what T cell turned into) (process that occurs) (type of T cell) → differentiation into + (type of cell) (type of cell) Use the chart below to better understand the cells involved in CD4 T cell activation: Type of cell When is the cell made? Function of the cell Naïve CD4 T cell Activated CD4 T cell Helper T cell (or TH cell) Memory TH cell What are cytokines and what do they do? Page 80  THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): THE BASICS Draw the flow of events for the activation of CD8 T cells: + → _→ _ → lots of (type of T cell) (type of APC) (what T cell turned into) (process that occurs) (type of T cell) → differentiation into + + _ (type of cell) (type of cell) (type of cell) Use the chart below to better understand the cells involved in CD8 T cell activation: Type of cell When is the cell made? Function of the cell Naïve CD8 T cell Activated CD8 T cell Cytotoxic T cell (or TC cell) Memory TC cell Suppressor T cell Draw the flow of events for the activation of B cells: + → _→ _ → lots of (type of B cell) (type of APC) (what B cell turned into) (process that occurs) (type of B cell) → differentiation into + (type of cell) (type of cell) (type of cell) Use the chart below to better understand the cells involved in B cell activation: Type of cell When is the cell made? Function of the cell Sensitized B cell Activated B cell Page 81  THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): THE BASICS Type of cell When is the cell made? Function of the cell Plasma cell Memory B cell What is an antibody? What can the binding of antibodies cause to happen? 1. 2. 3. 4. In the chart below, list the differences in the different types of antibodies. What makes each type unique? IgM IgG IgA IgE IgD Page 82  THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): THE BASICS Use the chart below to understand the difference between primary and secondary acquired immune responses: Type of Are APCs Cells involved First antibody How much Time until Overall response required? in response? produced? antibody is start of strength of produced? immune immune response? response? Primary response Secondary response How does vaccination relate to primary and secondary immune responses? Page 83  THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): UNDERSTANDING DISEASE Instructions – For each of the scenarios below, answer the following: A. Which type of immunity is involved? Innate, acquired, or both? Circle the words that are clues in the sentence. B. If acquired immunity, what is abnormal about the immune response being described? C. If innate immunity, what is abnormal about the immune response being described? D. Speculate about the symptoms of the disease. Explain your reasoning. Scenarios: 1. The body makes antibodies that bind to its own proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. 2. The body’s T-cells recognize the proteins, lipids and carbohydrates of a donated kidney. 3. A deep cut allows Staphyloccocus aureus (“flesh-eating” bacteria) to enter into the muscles underlying the skin. Page 84  THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY (CHAPTERS 20 & 21): UNDERSTANDING DISEASE 4. The body produces overwhelming numbers of IgE antibodies that bind to cat dander. The immune response that this causes becomes stronger with time. 5. HIV infects and kills CD4 T cells. Consolidate your knowledge from this activity using the chart below: Disease Scenario Cause of disease How is this different from normal matching immunity? disease 1. autoimmunity 2. allergies 3. immunodeficiency Page 85