Emergency Management PDF

Emergency Management ==================== **[INTRODUCTION]:** Emergency management typically involves actions necessary during a crisis and a clearly defined set of roles, responsibilities, and specific instructions for local emergency response and recovery. The main objectives of emergency manage...

Emergency Management ==================== **[INTRODUCTION]:** Emergency management typically involves actions necessary during a crisis and a clearly defined set of roles, responsibilities, and specific instructions for local emergency response and recovery. The main objectives of emergency management are to protect the community, reduce injuries, and maintain business continuity. Study Structure: ---------------- **[CHAPTER 1]** DISASTER MANAGEMENT =================== **Definition** -------------- Objectives of the Disaster and Crisis Plan: ------------------------------------------- a. b. c. d. e. f. **[Types of disasters and crises]**: ------------------------------------------------ a. A human-induced crisis: b. 1. 2. **The purpose of the disaster and crisis plan**: ------------------------------------------------ a. ### Identify and allocate personnel, devices, and equipment to address emergencies. b. ### Assign roles and responsibilities during emergencies. c. ### Restore operations and activities to their usual state. Essential elements for an effective and efficient emergency plan include: ------------------------------------------------------------------------- a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. **\ ** **[Stages of crisis management]** and how to deal with it --------------------------------------------------------------------- ### **Before the crisis**: a. b. c. d. e. f. ### **During a crisis:** 1. Handle the situation according to the role described in the plan. 2. Coordinate with the relevant authorities in managing the event. 3. Emphasize teamwork and avoid acting alone, being overly enthusiastic, or acting impulsively. 4. Assess the condition and damage to main roads, utilities, and the distribution of fuel, food, and water. 5. Follow search and rescue procedures. 6. Protect property and secure vacated areas. 7. Set up emergency medical treatment points. ### **After the crisis:** ### This phase involves taking action once the initial emergency has passed: 1. ### Restore the situation to normal conditions. 2. ### Resume operations as soon as possible. 3. ### Conduct an accident investigation to identify the root causes of the accident and prevent it from happening again**.** **Prerequisites for the components of the emergency plan**: ----------------------------------------------------------- a. b. c. **\ ** d. e. f. g. h. **Transportation:** i. j. 8. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 9. a. b. c. d. 10. a. b. c. d. **[CHAPTER 2]** FIRE FIGHTING ============= 1. a. **Fuel:** Fuel comes in various forms, including solid (e.g., wood, paper, cloth), liquid and semi-liquid (e.g., grease, oils, gasoline, alcohol), and gaseous (e.g., methane, natural gas). b. **Heat:** a. **Oxygen:** It\'s important to have oxygen available in the atmospheric air at a rate of 19-21%. **[\ ]** **[Causes of Fires]**: ---------------------------------- The most important causes of fires are: - - - - - - - 3. a. Install fire alarms in all building rooms to warn of a fire when it starts, making it easier to control. b. Train individuals on how to deal with fires and use simple extinguishing tools such as carbon dioxide cylinders, and teach them how to protect themselves from fires. c. Ensure that fire alarms, such as heat and smoke sensors, are present in sensitive locations within the facilities. d. Make sure that firefighting equipment and materials needed to combat fires are sufficient and easily accessible. e. Install automatic firefighting systems based on the nature of the place. f. Estimate and calculate fire water sources according to well-known standard systems to cover the needs or requirements. 4. Fires can be extinguished by removing any of the three elements that cause fire: fuel, oxygen, and heat. In order to put out a fire, one or more sides of the fire triangle need to be disrupted. There are several methods to achieve this: a. Fire starvation b. Suffocate the fire c. Cooling the fire A. Fire Starvation: B. Suffocation of Fire: C. Cooling the Fire: 5. - **Preparing and processing for emergencies.** - - - - **Evaluating the effectiveness of the building evacuation plan and procedures.** - 6. A. **[CO2 carbon dioxide extinguisher: ]** B. **[Powder extinguisher: ]** C. **[Water extinguisher:]** D. **[Foam extinguisher:]** 7. - **Locate fires by observing the fire alarm system\'s explanatory board.** - **Utilize available firefighting equipment in the building to combat the fire.** - - THE POWER OUTAGE ================ **[Definition]**: ----------------------------- ### Electric current refers to the flow of electricity in an electronic circuit, and to the amount of electricity flowing through a circuit. It is measured in amperes (A). The larger the value in amperes, the more electricity is flowing in the circuit. **[Types of electric current]**: -------------------------------------------- **[Causes of power outages]**: ------------------------------------------ Natural causes: **There are several natural causes behind power outages, which can be summarized as follows:** - **Lightning**: **Lightning seeks the fastest path to the ground, often targeting electricity poles, wires, and transformers, causing significant damage and power outages.** - **Winds: Strong winds can move power lines, leading to short circuits and power outages.** - **Rain and floods: Heavy rains and melting snow can cause floods, damaging the equipment for transmitting and delivering electric power.** Human errors: - **Vehicles: Car accidents and collisions with electricity poles can cause power outages.** - **Excavation: Underground drilling and excavation operations can damage buried electrical equipment, disrupting power supply.** - **High electricity demand: During periods of high demand, particularly in the summer, power outages can occur when the demand exceeds the available energy capabilities.** In the event of a power outage, the following steps should be taken: -------------------------------------------------------------------- a. ### Activate the backup power generator (UPS). b. ### Investigate and audit to determine the cause of the power outage. c. ### Resolve the issue and take measures to prevent a recurrence. d. ### Generate a report detailing the problem, its resolution, and the extent of any damage. RAIN AND FLOODS =============== **[Definition]**: ----------------------------- Effects of Torrential Rains and Floods: --------------------------------------- - ### Loss of life - ### Destruction of houses or parts of buildings - ### Damage to electricity supply lines - ### Damage to asphalt roads - ### Destruction of agricultural products - ### Destruction of bridges, estuaries, and drainage channels **[3. Instructions for rainy weather:]** ### **Before the rain:** 1. ### Prepare for the risks of rain and floods 2. ### Stay informed about weather alerts and warnings 3. ### Avoid valleys, edges, or dam areas 4. ### Follow instructions from the Civil Defense ### **During the rain:** 1. ### Follow all warnings and instructions given by official authorities. 2. ### Avoid approaching areas with exposed electrical wiring, wet electrical appliances, or lighting poles. 3. ### turn off gas, electricity, and water sources when leaving your house. 4. ### Stay clear of low-lying areas. 5. ### While driving, avoid torrents, valleys, and water pools. Do not attempt to cross them. 6. ### If there is an evacuation request from the Civil Defense, follow their instructions. ### **After the rain:** 1. ### Keep track of official news to know when the weather danger has passed. 2. ### Stay away from streams, valleys, water pools, and swamps. 3. ### Help others in a way that does not put lives at risk. 4. ### Avoid touching or moving fallen objects and electric wires on the ground. 5. ### Before using electrical installations, make sure they are safe and there are no gas leaks. 6. ### Disconnect the power supply if there is a fault in any electrical circuits. PASSIVE DEFENSE =============== **[Definition]**: ----------------------------- ### Passive defense refers to actions that do not require the use of weaponry. It can help prevent damage to essential facilities, sensitive military and non-military areas, and human casualties and reduce the extent of damage. Passive defense strategies include concealment, deception, camouflage, building secure fortifications and structures, and disseminating misinformation. **[Principles of passive defense]**: ------------------------------------------------ ### Passive defense principles consist of fundamental and infrastructure actions that can be employed to reduce losses and damages. They aim to reduce the ability of systems to identify targets, target enemy offensive weapons, and impose more costs on them**.** Passive defense principles include: 1\. Selecting safe geographic areas of a country. 2\. Determining the optimal scale of population and space activities. 3\. Distributing functions based on threats and geography. 4\. Choosing the optimal scale of spread and economic feasibility. 5\. Building small and inexpensive construction and initiating civil defense. 6\. Developing parallel support systems. 7\. Retrofitting structures and defenses and securing vital centers. 8\. Positioning operations strategically. 9\. Crisis defensive management in scenes. 10\. Camouflaging. 11\. Destroying enemy intelligence systems. 12\. Covering with natural terrain. 13\. Providing coverage in all areas. 14\. Deception, initiative, and diversity in all actions. 15\. Protecting critical information systems. 16\. Producing dual structures (barriers). Strategic objectives of passive defense: ---------------------------------------- a. Protecting individuals, facilities, and national investments during invasions. b. Reducing the initiation and spread of attacks during invasions. c. Improving and increasing defense capabilities. Blackout plan: -------------- ### The blackout plan is a measure used in passive defense against attacks by hostile forces. It involves dispersing and concealing the features of sensitive and important sites Types of blackout plans: ------------------------