Lecture 2: What Is Engineering (NGN110) PDF

Lecture 2: What is Engineering and Computer Science? NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul *http://www.engineeringk12.org What is Engineering? National Council of Engineering Examiners: “Engineer shall mean a person who, by reason of his special knowledge and use of mathem...

Lecture 2: What is Engineering and Computer Science? NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul *http://www.engineeringk12.org What is Engineering? National Council of Engineering Examiners: “Engineer shall mean a person who, by reason of his special knowledge and use of mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences and the principles of engineering analysis and design, acquired by education and experience, is qualified to practice engineering” OK, seriously now, what is Engineering? NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 2 What is Engineering?  Individuals who combine knowledge of science and mathematics to solve technical problems that confront society.  Engineers convert scientific theory into useful application. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 3 What is a Scientist?  Prime objective is increased knowledge of nature and its “laws”.  Scientists use knowledge to acquire new knowledge.  Engineers apply this knowledge to develop things for society. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 4 Engineering Functions Research Design Development Analysis Maintenance Sales Management Teaching Consulting NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 5 Engineering Fields Traditional Fields Civil Electrical/ Computer Chemical Mechanical Industrial Environment Biomedical Other Fields Aeronautical Nuclear Petroleum NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 6 Engineering Disciplines  Chemical Engineering  Chemical engineers take raw materials and turn them into the products that we use every day.  This means that they are crucial to producing pharmaceuticals, soft drinks, and even makeup.  Many chemical engineers work with petroleum and plastics. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 7 Engineering Disciplines  Civil Engineering  Considered one of the oldest engineering disciplines.  They design and supervise the construction of roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, water supply and sewage systems.  They must consider many factors in the design process Construction costs Expected lifetime of a project Government regulations Potential environmental hazards such as earthquakes NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 8 Engineering Disciplines  Electrical Engineering  The discipline covers everything related to electrical devices and the use of electricity.  Electrical engineers work on power plants, wiring in buildings, lighting, motors, satellites, communication networks, and other electrical devices. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 9 Engineering Disciplines  Computer Engineering  Deals with all aspects of computer systems including hardware and software.  Some computer engineers specialize in areas like digital systems, microprocessors, operating systems, computer networks, security, and databases. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 10 Engineering Disciplines  Computer Science  Focuses on the software side of computers.  It is concerned with techniques related to processing, transporting (networking), and storing (database systems) information.  Particular interest is placed on making processes efficient, secure and intelligent. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 11 Engineering Disciplines  Industrial Engineering  Deals with the design, installation, analysis, and improvement of integrated systems of people, materials, machines, and information to produce goods and deliver services with high quality and low cost.  Goal is to make things work better by optimizing the quality and productivity  Industrial engineers work in both manufacturing firms and service industries, e.g. automobile assembly lines, check in services, etc NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 12 Engineering Disciplines  Mechanical Engineers  Use mechanics and energy principles to design machines such as engines and motors.  Many mechanical engineers work in the areas of air-conditioning and refrigeration, automotives, manufacturing, welding, and robotics. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 13 Do You Fit The Profile?  Answer the following questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. Are you good in math and physics? Do you enjoy knowing how things work? Do you think of better ways to do things? If you get a gift that says “Assemble yourself”, do you put it together? 5. Do you like to work with computers and play video games? 6. Do you like to do mazes and jigsaw puzzles? 7. Do you usually make sound decisions, and do people trust your judgment? 8. Can you express yourself easily and clearly? 9. Do you work well with others? 10. Do you like to know “why”? NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 14 Do You Fit The Profile?   If you answered, “Yes” to most of the questions, your potential for success in engineering is high. Let’s examine each of the 10 questions to see how a “yes” answer helps identify you as a potential engineer or computer scientist. 1. Are you good in math and physics? Math and science are basic tools in engineering. 2. Do you enjoy knowing how things work? Wanting to know “how it works” is essential to finding better ways to design things. 3. Do you think of better ways to do things? 4. If you get a gift that says “Assemble yourself”, do you put it together? The desire to figure things out and “do it better” is an important drive in engineers. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 15 Do You Fit The Profile? 5. Do you like to work with computers and play video games? Computers and video games provide an introduction to working with graphics as well as to problem solving. 6. Do you like to do mazes and jigsaw puzzles? Analytical problem solving, the skill you use when working on mazes and puzzles, is among the most important aspects of engineering work. 7. Do you usually make sound decisions, and do people trust your judgment? As an engineer, your ability to focus on the problem at hand and make knowledgeable comments and decisions will help you gain respect and will make you a valuable member of the engineering team. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 16 Do You Fit The Profile? 8. Can you express yourself easily and clearly? Engineers must be able to explain ideas and decisions to all audiences 9. Do you work well with others? Engineers work with other engineers, technologists and technicians as a team. They must be able to work with people who have different backgrounds and special interests. 10. Do you like to know “why”? Wanting to know how things work is something that drives all engineers. This curiosity encourages engineers to break complex problems into simpler ones that will be easier to solve. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 17 Why Choose Engineering or Computer Science? 1- Job Satisfaction Studies show that, by far, the No. 1 cause of unhappiness among people in the United States is job dissatisfaction. Thus, it is important to find a career that provides you with enjoyment and satisfaction. After all, you might spend 40 or so years working eight hours or more a day, five days a week, 50 weeks a year. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 18 Why Choose Engineering or Computer Science? 2- Varied Career Opportunities An engineering degree offers a wide range of career possibilities. Within the practice of engineering, there is an enormous variety of job functions. The majority of today’s college graduates will have more than one career during their work life, and engineering can provide a strong foundation for almost any one of them NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 19 Why Choose Engineering or Computer Science? 3- Challenging Work When you get into the engineering work world, virtually all problems will be open-ended. There will be no single answer, no answer in the back of the book, no professor to tell you that you are right or wrong. You will be required to devise a solution and persuade others that your solution is the best one. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 20 Why Choose Engineering or Computer Science? 4- Intellectual Development An engineering education will "exercise" your brain, developing your ability to think logically and to solve problems. These are skills that will be valuable throughout your life. For example, your problem-solving skills can help you undertake tasks such as planning a vacation, finding a job, organizing a fund-raiser, purchasing a house, or writing a book. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 21 Why Choose Engineering or Computer Science? 5- Benefit Society As an engineer you can choose to work on projects that clearly benefit society, such as cleaning up the environment, developing prosthetic aids for disabled persons, developing clean and efficient transportation systems, finding new sources of energy, alleviating the world's hunger problems, and increasing the standard of living in underdeveloped countries NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 22 NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 23 Why Choose Engineering or Computer Science? 6- Financial Security While financial security should not be your only reason for choosing a career in engineering, if you decide to become an engineer you will be well paid. Engineering graduates receive the highest starting salary of any discipline. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 24 Why Choose Engineering or Computer Science? 7- Prestige Engineers play a primary role in sustaining our nation's international competitiveness, maintaining our standard of living, ensuring a strong national security, and protecting public safety. Furthermore, most people know that engineering requires hard work and strong technical skills. As a member of such a respected profession, you will receive a high amount of prestige. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 25 Why Choose Engineering or Computer Science? 8- Professional Environment As an engineer, you will work in a professional environment in which you will be treated with respect and have a certain amount of freedom in choosing your work. You will also be in a position to influence what happens at your company. As a professional, you will receive liberal benefits, which will typically include a retirement plan, life insurance, health insurance, sick leave, paid vacation, holidays, and savings or profit-sharing plans. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 26 Why Choose Engineering or Computer Science? 9- Understand How Things Work? Do you understand how the loads are transmitted to the supports on a suspension bridge? Do you know what a laser is or how a computer works? When you drive on a mountain road, do you look at the guard rails and understand why they were designed the way they were? An engineering education can help you understand how these, and many other things in the world, work. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 27 Why Choose Engineering or Computer Science? 10- Creative Thinking Engineering is by its very nature a creative profession. When practicing engineers develop solutions to openended, real-world problems, they must employ conscious and subconscious mental processing as well as divergent and convergent thinking NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 28 Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century #20 – High Performance Materials #19 – Nuclear Technologies #18 – Laser and Fiber Optics #17 – Petroleum and Gas Technologies #16 – Health Technologies #15 – Household Appliances #14 – Imaging Technologies #13 – Internet #12 – Space Exploration #11 – Interstate Highways #10 – Air Conditioning and refrigeration NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 29 Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century #9 – Telephone #8 – Computers #7 – Agricultural Mechanization #6 – Radio and Television #5 – Electronics #4 – Safe and Abundant Water #3 – Airplane #2 – Automobile #1 – Electrification NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 30 Famous Engineers  Leonardo da Vinci  Florentine artist, one of the great masters of the High Renaissance, celebrated as a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 31 Famous Engineers  Alexander Graham Bell  Inventor of the telephone. He also worked in medical research and invented techniques for teaching speech to the deaf. In 1888 he founded the National Geographic Society. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 32 Famous Engineers  Thomas Edison  Edison patented 1,093 inventions in his lifetime, earning him the nickname the "Wizard of Menlo Park." The most famous of his inventions was an incandescent light bulb. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 33 Famous Engineers  Henry Ford  Ford showed an early interest in mechanics, constructing his first steam engine at the age of 15. In 1891, Ford became an engineer with the Edison Illuminating Co. in Detroit. He became Chief Engineer in 1893 and this position allowed him to devote attention to his personal experiments on internal combustion engines. In 1893 he built his first internal combustion engine, a small one-cylinder gasoline model, and in 1896 he built his first automobile. In June 1903, Ford helped establish Ford Motor Co. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 34 Famous Engineers  Alfred Hitchcock  British-born American director and producer of many brilliantly contrived films, most of them psychological thrillers including Psycho, The Birds, Rear Window, and North by Northwest. He was born in London and trained there as an engineer at Saint Ignatius College. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 35 Famous Engineers  Neil Alden Armstrong  became the first man to walk on the moon on July 20, 1969, at 10:56 p.m. EDT. He and "Buzz" Aldrin spent about two and one-half hours walking on the moon, while pilot Michael Collins waited above in the Apollo 11 command module. Armstrong received his B.S. in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University and an M.S. in aerospace engineering from the University of Southern California. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 36 Famous Engineers  Herbert Hoover  After graduating from Stanford University, California, Hoover went to China for work as a mining engineer. Thirty years later, Herbert Hoover became the 31st President of the United States. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 37 Famous Engineers  Jimmy Carter  39th President of the United States. Attended Georgia Southwestern College and the Georgia Institute of Technology and received a B.S. degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1946. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 38 Famous Engineers  Boris Yeltsin  Former president of Russia. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 39 Famous Engineers  Scott Adams    Cartoonist Creator of “Dilbert” Computer Programmer NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 40 Famous Engineers  Rowan Atkinson    Known as “Mr Bean” Studied Electrical Engineering at Manchester and Oxford University While at University, Atkinson participated in the Experimental Theatre Club NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 41 Famous Engineers  Montel Williams  A highly decorated former Naval engineer and Naval intelligence officer, he is now an author of inspirational books and host of a popular syndicated television talk show. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 42 Famous Computer Scientist  William (Bill) H. Gates  Was born in 1955. He is chairman of Microsoft Corporation. In his junior year, Gates left Harvard University to form Microsoft. Believing that the computer would be a valuable tool in every office and home, he began developing software for personal computers. Today, Mr. Gates is the world's wealthiest man. NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 43 Famous Computer Scientist  Marissa Mayer    President & CEO, Yahoo Was employee No. 20 at Google and the company's first female engineer. Studied Computer Science at Stanford University NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 44 Without … Aerospace Engineering NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 45 Without … Electrical Engineering NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 46 Without … Civil Engineering NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 47 Without … Communication Engineering NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 48 Without … Computer Engineering / Science NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 49 Without … Mechanical/Chemical Engineering NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 50