News Writing Presentation PDF

NEWS WRITING  What is news? News, according to Ceciliano Jose Cruz, is a timely and factual narration of past, present and future event. CHARACTERISTICS OF NEWS 1. ACCURACY. It refers to the correctness of statements, names, figures and other information. 2. OBJECTIVE. The news does not tak...

NEWS WRITING  What is news? News, according to Ceciliano Jose Cruz, is a timely and factual narration of past, present and future event. CHARACTERISTICS OF NEWS 1. ACCURACY. It refers to the correctness of statements, names, figures and other information. 2. OBJECTIVE. The news does not take any side. 3. FACTUAL. It consists of actual persons and events with nothing invented. 4. BALANCE. It gives proper emphasis on each fact in relation to other fact; give attention to both sides in a controversial issue. 5. CONCISE. It is short enough to contain the most important facts. 6. TIMELY. It refers to the freshness or immediacy of the event.  ELEMENTS OF NEWS A news story can only be considered as news if it awakens the interest of the reader or listener. 1. PROMINENCE. It deals with persons, places, things and situations, which are familiar to or of importance to the reader. 2. PROXIMITY. The nearness of the event to the readers. 3. IMMEDIACY. It refers to the timeliness of the event. 4. ODDITY. Any unusual or deviation from the normal course of events which are newsworthy. 5. HUMAN INTEREST. It deals with events which are appealing to the emotion. 6. CONFLICT. It deals with any disagreement between man and his fellowmen, man and nature, or man and himself. 7. NAMES. It involves newsworthy people. 8. NUMBERS AND STATISTICS. Results of sweepstakes, raffle draw etc. 9. ROMANCE AND ADVENTURE. Love and adventure stories, especially among celebrities, and prominent people. 10.SIGNIFICANCE. It refers not only to the importance of the event but also on how it will affect the readers. 11. DEVELOPMENT. Any progress like putting up infrastructure projects. 12.ANIMALS. Stories about animals, especially those unusual ones are also newsworthy. 13.CALAMITY. Newspaper pages devote stories and photos describing casualties caused by earthquake, etc. TYPES OF NEWS STORIES A. According to style of presentation. 1.Straight News. Directly presented using the summary lead. 2.News Feature. Indirectly presented using the novelty lead. B. According to place of occurrence. 1.Local News. The event happens within the locality 2.Foreign News. Events take place outside the country. C. According to Content 1. Science and Technology News 2. Development Communication News 3. Sports News D. According to sources 1. Action News 2.Based on the records news 3. Speech News 4. Based on Interview E. According to Page Makeup 1. Single Incident Story. One event only 2. Composite Feature Story. More than one event that happened almost at the same time. 3. News Brief. It is a news item usually not more than two paragraphs. 4. Bulletin. An important last- minute news of a running story printed on the front page in boldfaced type and may be boxed. 5. Flash. It presents only the basic facts of a fresh story that comes in too late to be printed in full news item. 6. Side Bar Story. A brief news item on some lighter aspects of an event place side by side to a related and significant news. F. According to the Sequence of Occurrence 1. Advance News. It is a report of expected event. 2. Spot News. It is a report of events, which the writer has actually witnessed. 3. Coverage news. It is based on a given assignment or beat. 4. Follow- up news. It is a report of the recent development of the reported event. 5. Routine News Story. News about routine activities like independence Day etc.  STEPS IN WRITING NEWS STORY 1. List down all the data. 2. Arrange facts in a descending order of importance. 3. Make the lead play up the most interesting and important points. 4. Present the other details of the news in the next paragraphs to answer the questions not yet answered.  TIPS IN NEWS WRITING 1. Write the news as soon as you have gathered the facts. 2. List facts according to their descending importance. 3. Highlight the most important data as your lead. 4. Be accurate in presenting facts. 5. Names should be given in full when first mentioned. 6. Attribute authority or source of news to strengthen reader’s confidence in the accuracy of the story and to protect the newspaper from libel suit. 7. Identify names mentioned. If the person has several identifications, use the one relevant to the facts of the story. 8. Avoid editorializing. Do not inject your opinion to the news. 9. Be objective. Present facts without bias. 10. Make short paragraph. One sentence-one paragraph rule. 11. Use simple words. 12.Use short sentences but vary their length. 13.Do not involve yourself in the news by using first person. 14.Prefer the active to the passive voice. 15.Present both side of the persons involved in the news. 16. Place direct and indirect quotation separately in paragraphs. 17. Number from 1 t0 9 should be written in word and 10 above should be in numerical figure. 18. Do not start the sentence with numerical figure. Have it in word.  BASIC Structure of News Straight news follows the traditional structure of news writing. It is written in inverted pyramid form where the most important facts are placed at the beginning. The other details and background are given in the succeeding paragraphs. Inverted Pyramid Structure PRIMARY LEAD SECONDARY LEAD OTHER IMPORTANT DETAILS Less Important Details Primary lead- usually a short paragraph which answers at least four of the five Ws and one H at its most effective angle. Secondary lead- complement the main lead by answering those of the five Ws and one H, which left unanswered. Other Important Details- other less important data that give flesh to the story. Advantages of the Inverted Pyramid Structure (Why inverted pyramid structure?) 1. It facilitates reading. 2. It facilitates newspaper’s makeup. 3. It facilitates headline writing.  The Lead The lead is the story’s opening sentence or two. In straight news, it tells the most important of the story. “ Leads are like runways. Before a plane can take off it needs momentum to heave upward and stay afloat.” - W.H Mencken  CLASSIFICATION OF LEAD 1. SUMMARY LEAD. It answers the five Ws and one H. The story is presented using the inverted pyramid form where the most important data are in the first and second paragraph. This is used in the straight news. Kinds of Summary Lead 1. What Lead. It is used if the most important angle of the news is the event. Landslides and floods brought by heavy monsoon rains in Southern Luzon have killed at least five people, as soldiers on rubber boats rushed flood and relief supplies to nearly 200,000 affected residents, officials said yesterday. Hinagupit ng bagyong Ondoy and Metro Manila at mga karatig lalawigan nito na nagdulot ng matinding pagbaha na ikinasawi ng mahigit isandaang katao at ikinasara ng bilyun-bilyong ari-arian noong Setyembre 26, 2009.  CLASSIFICATION OF LEAD 1. SUMMARY LEAD. It answers the five Ws and one H. The story is presented using the inverted pyramid form where the most important data are in the first and second paragraph. This is used in the straight news. Kinds of Summary Lead 2. Who Lead. It is used if the person or organization involved is more significant than the event. Inmates of the Davao del Norte provincial jail staged a noise barrage early yesterday, calling for the ouster of two jail guards they accused of committing abuses, prison officials said. Apat na mngingisdang Taiwanese ang pinagmulta ng $𝟐𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 kahapon sa tanggapan ng Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) matapos mahuli ng mga awtoridad sa karagatan ng Pilipinas sa Lalawigan ng Cagayan.  CLASSIFICATION OF LEAD 1. SUMMARY LEAD. It answers the five Ws and one H. The story is presented using the inverted pyramid form where the most important data are in the first and second paragraph. This is used in the straight news. Kinds of Summary Lead 3. Where Lead. This is used if the location where the event take place is more important than the other aspects of the news. South Cotabato will be hosting the annual National Schools Press Conference on February 18-22, 2008, DepEd official announced yesterday during a conference with the Region XII administrators at Phela Grande Hotel, General Santos City. Sa Lungsod ng Tagum gaganapin ang taunang National Schools Press Conference ngayong Pebrero 22-26, 2010.  CLASSIFICATION OF LEAD 1. SUMMARY LEAD. It answers the five Ws and one H. The story is presented using the inverted pyramid form where the most important data are in the first and second paragraph. This is used in the straight news. Kinds of Summary Lead 4. When Lead. This lead is seldom used. This is only used if the time elements is more important than the other angles of the story. October 14, is the deadline for the submission of the nomination forms of the 2017 Municipal Search for Outstanding Principal, Head Teacher and Teacher. Hanggang sa Oktubre 15 na lamang ang huling araw ng pagpapalawig ng pagpaparehistro ng mga bagong botante sa Commission on Elections.  CLASSIFICATION OF LEAD 1. SUMMARY LEAD. It answers the five Ws and one H. The story is presented using the inverted pyramid form where the most important data are in the first and second paragraph. This is used in the straight news. Kinds of Summary Lead 5. Why Lead. This is used if the cause of the event is the most effective angle of the story. To cushion the impact of soaring world’s oil prices on the Philippine economy, Malacanang yesterday said it would cut the import tariff on crude oil and diesel at the end of the month. Upang mailayo ang mga mamamayan sa panganib na dulot ng mga paputok, ipinagbabawal ng pamahalaan ng Lungsod ng Tuguegarao ang pagtitinda at paggamit nito sa pagdiriwang ng Pasko at Bagong Taon.  CLASSIFICATION OF LEAD 1. SUMMARY LEAD. It answers the five Ws and one H. The story is presented using the inverted pyramid form where the most important data are in the first and second paragraph. This is used in the straight news. Kinds of Summary Lead 6. How Lead. This is used if the process or the manner of how the event happened is more important than the other angles of the news. By installing more closed-circuit cameras in Manila malls, sending out guards with dogs and setting up checkpoints, police acted on the warning of the senior official of a possible terrorist’s major attack in the capital following a ferry bombing in Zamboanga City that killed 30 people on Monday. Sa pamamagitan ng Martial Law na idineklara ni Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte noong Hulyo, unti-unting napapasok ng mga sundalo ang mga tahanan at lugar na pinagtataguan ng mga Maute at nakumpiska ang mga mobile phone at laptop na pinaghihinalaang triggering devise sa mga bombang pinapasabog. 2. NOVELTY LEAD. It attracts the reader’s attention, arouse his curiosity and sustain his interest. It is used in writing a news feature or a feature article. Kinds of Novelty Lead 1. Narrative Lead. It draws the reader into the story by allowing him to relate himself with the character of the story. (Pasalaysay) December 1999. With the Y2K scare and end-of-the-millennium jitters hovering in the air, I found myself in a bookstore for some last minute shopping. I was looking for the abridged versions of the classic Heidi and the Secret Garden to give to my nieces when I saw a vaguely familiar title on the shelves: The Lady or The Tiger and Other Stories. As I traced the embossed title with my right index finger, a particular memory flooded my consciousness. Noong unang panahon sa kasaysayan ng Olimpyada, ang mga sinaunang atleta ay hubo’t hubad na nagpapaligsahan sa mga laro. Dahil ang mga palaro ay ginagawa tuwing tag-araw, ang pagsusuot ng damit ay itinuturing na sagabal at nakapagpapahina sa bilis ng mananakbo. 2. NOVELTY LEAD. It attracts the reader’s attention, arouse his curiosity and sustain his interest. It is used in writing a news feature or a feature article. Kinds of Novelty Lead 2.Descriptive Lead. It illustrates a mental picture of the subject to the reader. (Paglalarawan) Outside the raging rain fell. For the past 14 hours no one could ever hear anything other than raindrops. Nobody from them uttered a single word, but deep within, everybody knew they were just trying to control the fear that crept into their senses. For it was the same situation when a lethal flood besieged their town, killing hundreds of people. Kalong ang maglilimang buwang sanggol, hindi napigilan ni Gng. Norma Alcantara ang kanyang mga luha nang marinig niyang ang kanyang asawang si Kapitan Romeo Alcantara ay hinatulan ng kamatayan. 2. NOVELTY LEAD. It attracts the reader’s attention, arouse his curiosity and sustain his interest. It is used in writing a news feature or a feature article. Kinds of Novelty Lead 3. Quotation Lead. This statement is uttered by well-known person or celebrity. 2. NOVELTY LEAD. It attracts the reader’s attention, arouse his curiosity and sustain his interest. It is used in writing a news feature or a feature article. Kinds of Novelty Lead 4. Question Lead. This is a thought-provoking question to capture the interest of the reader and lead them to find the answer provided by the succeeding article. 2. NOVELTY LEAD. It attracts the reader’s attention, arouse his curiosity and sustain his interest. It is used in writing a news feature or a feature article. Kinds of Novelty Lead 5. Teaser. It is a device to deceive the reader in a jesting manner to arouse his curiosity and gently lead him into the story. It is generally short, crisp and witty. They are mostly suggestive and humorous. 2. NOVELTY LEAD. It attracts the reader’s attention, arouse his curiosity and sustain his interest. It is used in writing a news feature or a feature article. Kinds of Novelty Lead 6. Punch Lead. It is a short, striking one-sentence lead. 2. NOVELTY LEAD. It attracts the reader’s attention, arouse his curiosity and sustain his interest. It is used in writing a news feature or a feature article. Kinds of Novelty Lead 7. Astonisher Lead. It uses an exclamatory sentence. 8. One word Lead. It uses a very significant word to capture or arouse the interest of the reader. 9. Parody Lead. It consists of a parody of well-known quotation, song, poem, book or movie films. 10. Background Lead. It describes an event in which the background overshadows the individuals who participated in it. 11. Freak Lead. This kind of unique lead uses typographical effects to enhance its appeal. 12. Contrast Lead. It is used to point up opposites and extremes 13. Staccato Lead. This usually consists of a series of words or phrases punctuated by periods, commas or dashes.  Tips on how to write an Effective Lead 1.Use a simple sentence. 2.Do not overload the beginning paragraph with the answers of five Ws and one H. Remember that the second paragraph is a secondary lead, too. 3. Do not use an important or unusual word twice in the same sentence. 4. Avoid, when possible, the use of articles such as a, an and the as the beginning word of the lead.  Rules in Paragraph Construction in News Writing 1. A paragraph of the news should not exceed 75 words. 2. Important fact should be placed at the beginning of the paragraph. 3. Avoid repetition of clauses, phrases and other similar grammatical construction at the beginning of each paragraph. 4. Do not put direct quotation and indirect quotation in the same paragraph. 5. One- sentence one-paragraph rule. But if it cannot be avoided, it should not exceed three sentences. 6. Arrange paragraphs in descending order of importance. 7. For easy reading, average number of words per sentence should be between 15 to 20. A sentence longer than 30 words may be hard to understand. Thank You! ☺