Histology Medical Applications PDF

Wondershare Histology medical applications PDFelement By: Afnan Alomani Lysosomal storage disorders Mitochondrial disorders - Lysosomal glycogen storage...

Wondershare Histology medical applications PDFelement By: Afnan Alomani Lysosomal storage disorders Mitochondrial disorders - Lysosomal glycogen storage disease; accumulation of - Mitochondrial myopathy. glycogen. - degenerative disease of CNS; - Tay-Sachs. loss of optic nerve fibers, - huge amounts of liquids; degeneration of brain white several neural degeneration. matter. Proteasomes disorders - metabolic disturbances; Alzheimer’s disease and accumulation of lactic acid. Huntington’s disease are close by (All are maternally inherited) accumulation of protein inside the cells due to failure of degeneration - MELAS. - MERRF. by protosomes Defective peroxisomal proteins Kartagener disorder immotile spermatozoa, male adrenoleukodystrophy; infertility, & chronic respiratory destroys the Myelin sheaths in infections nerves microtubule hemochromatosis Used in chemotherapy to block Accumulation of iron in activity of the mitotic hemosiderin spindle hemosiderosis intermediate filament Used to reveal the origin of excessive lysis of red blood cells the tumor. astrocytomas (brain tumor)  Wondershare PDFelement damage to the DNA Parkinson’s disease of proto-oncogenes degenerative disease caused by 1-Benign; slow growth and no loss of dopaminergic neurons invasiveness to neighboring from the substantia nigra of the organs brain. 2-malignant(cancer); rapid Huntington chorea growth and great capacity to hereditary disease caused by invade other organs the loss of basal ganglia neurons Multiple sclerosis Guillain–Barré syndrome disease of the CNS Autoimmune syndrome of the characterized by a loss of PNS leading to immune myelin and plaques appear, destruction of Schwann leukocytes (T cells) initiates an cells and results in inflammatory response results demyelination & axonal loss of oligodendrocytes and degeneration axon demyelination. Hydrocephalus AIDS dementia complex decrease in the absorption of HIV-1 infection of the central CSF or a blockage of outflow nervous system leads to from the ventricles, leads to infection of microglia, thus enlargement of the head replication of HIV-1 in microglia followed by mental impairment  Wondershare PDFelement Metaplasia Bladder Metaplasia Under certain abnormal transformation of transitional to conditions, one type of squamous epithelium. epithelial tissue may Barrett esophagus transform to another type; In cases of chronic acid reflux respiratory epithelium in heavy esophagus is replaced by a smokers can be transformed to glandular mucus-secreting stratified squamous epithelium epithelium Kartagener or immotile cilia syndrome Epithelial cell tumours - defect in microtubules (dynein Carcinomas; malignant tumor arm mutations) leading to from surface epithelia. immotile spermatozoa, male Adenocarcinomas; malignant infertility, & chronic respiratory tumor from glandular infections. epithelium. - polycystic kidney disorder Celiac disease loss of the microvilli (brush border) in small intestine caused by an immune reaction against the wheat protein gluten. enterotoxin Clostridium bacteria causes food Pemphigus vulgaris poisoning and binds claudine, production of antibodies leading to disruption of tight junctions, diarrhoea and against the desmosomal intestinal ulcers. proteins leading to widespread Helicobacter pylori skin and mucous membrane Causes gastric ulcers and binds the blistering extracellular domains of tight-junction proteins Mutation in connexin genes Causes deafness and peripheral neuropathy  Wondershare PDFelement macrophages in regenerative capacity of CT pathological conditions - the spaces left after injury - When adequately stimulated filled by connective tissue they increase in size and are which don’t divide and forms a arranged in clusters forming scar. epithelioid cells, several may - The main cell type involved in fuse to form multinuclear repair is the fibroblast. giant cell - myofibroblast is responsible for wound contraction. Multiple myeloma Hurler syndrome Tumor of plasma cells in bone Accumulation of Glycosaminoglycans marrow due to accumulation of Hunter syndrome myeloma cells. Accumulation of mucopolysaccharides Marfan syndrome Duchenne muscular dystrophy Mutations (Defect) in the mutations of the dystrophin gene leads to defective link ages lung emphysema defect in α1-antitrypsin leads between the cytoskeleton and the to increased elastase extracellular matrix activity which can damage lung alveoli due to loss of supporting elastic fibers Myasthenia gravis Keloid overgrowth of granulation tissue autoimmune disorder that (collagen III) at the site of a involves circulating healed skin antibodies against proteins of injury which is then slowly acetylcholine receptors, the replaced by collagen type 1. extraocular muscles of the Osteoarthritis eyes are commonly degenerative joint disease, decrease in proteoglycan results in reduction in the first affected. intercellular water content in the cartilage matrix, chondrocytes stimulate metalloproteinases which inhabits type II collagen and proteoglycans  Wondershare PDFelement Osteopetrosis Paget disease dense heavy bones caused by Lack of osteoclastic activity leading to increased activity of osteoblasts defect in bone resorption and osteoclasts leading to Osteoporosis weaker than normal bone imbalance in skeletal turn over so Osteomalacia that bone resorption exceeds bone softening of adults bone due to formation, found in immobilized calcium deficiency leading to patients and postmenopausal significant fragility and bone pain women. Rickets Osteosarcomas Calcium deficiency in children malignant osteoblasts located in characterized by bone deformities periosteum My best wishes