Networking PDF

# Networking Networking is everywhere. * Support way to learn, communicate, work, play. ## Computer Network * Computers connect to each other to exchange information. * Any device send/receive data (ex., computer, server, printer, security camera) * Communication link can be a wired cable or a...

# Networking Networking is everywhere. * Support way to learn, communicate, work, play. ## Computer Network * Computers connect to each other to exchange information. * Any device send/receive data (ex., computer, server, printer, security camera) * Communication link can be a wired cable or a wireless link. * Link carry the information. ## Components of Network * **End device:** starting or end point bet human network and communal (PC / Printers / Server / Tablet / Smart Phone) * **Intermediary nodes:** deliver data and connect Multi Network (Router / Cell Tower / Wireless Router) ## Computer System * Collection of entities (hardware, software, and liveware) that are designed to receive, process, manage, and present information. ## Transmission System * Sending our data from one place to another. ### Guided (wired) * Twisted wire * Coaxial cable * Optical fiber ### UnGuided (wireless) * Free space ## Network Interface Card * Hardware component without it, a computer can't connect a network (adapter) ## Portcols * A set of rules that govern the communication between computers. * Password based authentication protocol. ## Advantage * Easy access, flexibility, servers. ## Disadvantage * Lack of productivity, can be hacked, viruses, implementation ## Network Classification ### Host Role * **Client-Server** * Client asks for help, and the server responds. * Use server to protect the data. * **Peer to Peer** * No central server. * Every peer can ask and present help and save data. * Clients connected to one or more. ### Geography * **LAN:** Collection of devices connected together in one physical location, such as a building, office, or home. * **WAN:** Collection of LAN. Large network of information that is tied to a single location. * **MAN:** Smaller than WAN, but larger than LAN. Connects computers within a metropolitan area which could be a single, large city or multiple cities and towns. ## Participation * Private network: Use a private address space of IP addresses. ## Signaling * **Base band:** Only one can go at a time, single digital system. * **Broad band:** Multiple vehicles can go simultaneously, multiple digital signals. ## Network Topology * **Point to Point:** Direct link between two computers. * **Adv:** Fast and reliable. * **DisAdv:** Small. * **Bus Topology:** * One main cable to which all nodes are directly connected. * One of the computers acts as a computer server. * **Adv:** Easy to connect, low cost, easy to add device. * **Back Bone:** * **Ring:** * Computers in the network are connected in a circular fashion, and data travels in one direction. * Each computer is directly connected to the next one forming a single pass for the network. * **Adv:** Easy to manage, handling traffic. * **DisAdv:** Adding computers is difficult. * **Token Ring:** * Network passes a message called a token around. * Device adds a message if wants to send. * **Star Topology** * Each computer is connected to a central hub using point-to-point. * Can be a computer server that manages the network. * **Adv:** Easy to add nodes. If a computer fails, will contain. * **DisAdv:** Expensive. * **Mesh:** * Every device is connected to every other device. * **Adv:** If one cable fails down, we have backup. * **DisAdv:** Very expensive.