NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics PDF

9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics Total points 103/200...

9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics Total points 103/200 The respondent's email ([email protected]) was recorded on submission of this form. 0 of 0 points Name * Marwa Ayman El Adawi School * UPLB Part I 53 of 100 points 1. Cell structure that processes and packages proteins. * 1/1 a. Golgi apparatus b. Endoplasmic Reticulum c. mitochondrion d. lysosome https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE0… 1/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 2. This cell structure is involved in lipid synthesis. * 0/1 a. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum b. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum c. Golgi apparatus d. Cytosol Correct answer b. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Major site of enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption. * 1/1 a. liver b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine 4. Considered accessory organs of the digestive system except: * 1/1 a. liver b. pancreas c. gallbladder d. stomach https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE0… 2/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 5. Considered organs of the GIT except: * 1/1 a. liver b. stomach c. small intestines d. large intestines 6. The main goal of the Krebs cycle is to produce H+ and electrons. *1/1 These by-products are transferred by niacin and riboflavin to the: a. Embden-Meyerhoff pathway b. Electron Transport Chain c. Citric Acid Cycle d. Cori Cycle 7. The absorption of sugars in the microvilli of the small intestines is *0/1 achieved through: a. osmosis b. diffusion c. active transport d. facilitated diffusion Correct answer c. active transport https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE0… 3/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 8. The region of brain tissue that is responsible for prompting us to seek *0/1 food is the: a. pituitary gland b. enteric nervous system c. hypothalamus d. thymus Correct answer c. hypothalamus 9. The glycemic index rates _____. * 1/1 a. the acceptable amount of alternative sweeteners to consume in 1 day. b. the potential of food to raise blood glucose and insulin levels. c. the risk of a given food for causing diabetes. d. the ratio of soluble to insoluble fiber in a complex carbohydrate. 10. Carbohydrates contain: * 1/1 a. carbon, nitrogen, and water b. carbonic acid and sugar alcohol c. hydrated sugar d. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE0… 4/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 11. The site of anaerobic splitting of glucose. * 1/1 a. nucleus b. cytoplasm c. mitochondria d. Golgi apparatus 12. Factors that lower blood glucose except: * 1/1 a. liver damage b. starvation c. reduced physical activity d. kidney malfunction 13. Lipids in chylomicrons are taken up by cells with the help of ____. * 1/1 a. lipoprotein lipase b. micelles c. sterols d. pancreatic enzymes https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE0… 5/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 14. Fatty acids with a double bond at one part of the molecule are *1/1 referred to as ____. a. monounsaturated b. hydrogenated c. saturated d. essential 15. The portion of an amino acid that contains nitrogen is called the: * 1/1 a. R group b. amine group. c. acid group d. nitrate cluster 16. All proteins contain ____. * 1/1 a. carbon, oxygen, iron, and nitrogen b. iron, oxygen, and hydrogen c. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen d. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE0… 6/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 17. One by-product of anaerobic glucose metabolism is _____. * 1/1 a. lactic acid b. acetyl CoA c. oxaloacetate d. six molecules of NADH 18. Examples of derived lipids except: * 0/1 a. cholesterol b. ergosterol c. gangliosides d. vitamin D Correct answer c. gangliosides 19. In which of the following types of chemical reactions is a molecule *1/1 catabolized by the addition of a molecule of water? a. hydrolysis b. condensation c. oxidation d. phosphorylation https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE0… 7/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 20. Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol are ____. * 0/1 a. coenzymes b. cofactors c. anabolic hormones d. catabolic hormones Correct answer d. catabolic hormones 21. Which of the following is a characteristic of potassium? * 0/1 a. It is the major positively charged electrolyte in the extracellular fluid. b. It can be found in fresh fruits and vegetables. c. It is a critical component of the mineral complex of bone. d. It is the major negatively charged electrolyte in the extracellular fluid. Correct answer b. It can be found in fresh fruits and vegetables. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE0… 8/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 22. Plasma is one example of ______: * 0/1 a. extracellular fluid b. intracellular fluid c. tissue fluid d. metabolic water Correct answer a. extracellular fluid 23. Which of the following is true of the cell membrane? * 0/1 a. It is freely permeable to water and many solutes. b. It is freely permeable only to water. c. It is freely permeable only to water and fats. d. It is freely permeable only to water and proteins. Correct answer b. It is freely permeable only to water. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE0… 9/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 24. Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin E? * 1/1 a. It enhances the absorption of iron. b. It can be manufactured from beta-carotene. c. It is a critical component of the glutathione peroxidase system. d. It is destroyed by exposure to high heat. 25. Oxidation is best described as a process in which _____. * 0/1 a. a carcinogen causes a mutation in a stem cell’s DNA. b. an atom loses an electron. c. an element loses an atom of oxygen. d. a compound loses a molecule of water. Correct answer b. an atom loses an electron. 26. Which of the following are known carcinogens? * 1/1 a. phytochemicals b. antioxidants c. carotenoids d. nitrates https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 10/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 27. Hydroxyapatite crystals are predominantly made up of ____. * 0/1 a. calcium and phosphorus b. hydrogen, oxygen, and titanium c. calcium and vitamin D d. calcium and magnesium Correct answer a. calcium and phosphorus 28. Metabolic pathways of cholesterol except: * 0/1 a. secretion into bile b. energy production c. excretion into feces d. hormone formation Correct answer b. energy production https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 11/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 29. Calcium is necessary for several body functions, including: * 0/1 a. demineralization of bone, nerve transmission, and immune responses b. cartilage structure, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction c. structure of bone, nerve, and muscle tissue, immune responses, and muscle contraction d. structure of bone, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction Correct answer d. structure of bone, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction 30. Which of the following statements about iron is true? * 1/1 a. Iron is stored primarily in the liver, the blood vessel walls, and the heart muscles. b. Iron is a component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and certain enzymes. c. Iron is a component of red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. d. Excess iron is stored primarily in the form of ferritin, cytochromes, and intrinsic factor. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 12/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 31. It has the highest amount of linoleic acid: * 0/1 a. palm oil b. coconut oil c. corn oil d. olive oil Correct answer c. corn oil 32. The largest, least dense lipoprotein that carry the greater number of *1/1 triglycerides. a. HDL b. LDL c. VLDL d. chylomicron https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 13/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 33. The limiting amino acid of gelatin. * 0/1 a. tryptophan b. lysine c. methionine d. cystine Correct answer a. tryptophan 34. Spaghetti with meatballs and “ginataang munggo” with milk are *0/1 examples of: a. fortification b. enrichment c. supplementation d. complementation Correct answer d. complementation https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 14/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 35. It is not a biological test to determine protein quality: * 0/1 a. biological value b. chemical score c. net protein utilization d. protein efficiency ration Correct answer b. chemical score 36. Positive nitrogen balance can be observed during: * 1/1 a. fever b. shock c. surgery d. pregnancy https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 15/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 37. The coefficient of digestibility of protein: * 0/1 a. 92% b. 95% c. 98% d. 90% Correct answer a. 92% 38. Which of the following is a branched-chain amino acid? * 1/1 a. alanine b. lysine c. isoleucine d. glutamine 39. The building blocks of protein are amino acids. What reaction allows *1/1 several amino acids to join together to form a protein? a. hydrolysis b. condensation reaction c. evaporation reaction d. hydrogenation https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 16/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 40. When using a Biuret’s test, which macromolecule will produce a *1/1 positive reaction? a. protein b. fat c. carbohydrate d. all three 41. The most abundant protein in the human blood plasma. * 1/1 a. insulin b. albumin c. hemoglobin d. prostacyclin 42. An enzyme that is common in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. * 0/1 a. phosphofructokinase-1 b. glucokinase c. aldolase d. fructose bisphosphatase Correct answer c. aldolase https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 17/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 43. A pathway/step of carbohydrate metabolism that is stimulated by *0/1 insulin in muscle but not in liver: a. glycolysis b. gluconeogenesis c. glycogen synthesis d. glucose transport Correct answer d. glucose transport 44. A cofactor (vitamin) that is a carrier of activated CO2 and participates *0/1 in both gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis is: a. lipoamide b. pyridoxal phosphate c. biotin d. flavin adenine dinucleotide Correct answer c. biotin https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 18/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 45. Pancreatic juice contains the following enzymes/s: * 1/1 a. trypsinogen b. pepsinogen & pepsin c. enterokinase d. all of the above 46. It has been known that vitamin A improves eyesight; however, this *0/1 statement is not 100% true. What makes this claim about vitamin A partly false? a. Rhodopsin is only used to see in the dark but not when enough light is available. b. It is actually vitamin E that functions for the improvement of eyesight. c. Vitamin A is not only good for eyesight but is also good for the skin. d. None of these answers make the statement about vitamin A partly false. Correct answer a. Rhodopsin is only used to see in the dark but not when enough light is available. 47. Group of lipids that usually predominate in foods and in the body. * 1/1 a. cholesterol b. triglycerides c. phospholipids d. glycerol https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 19/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 48. The rate limiting step in glycolysis is: * 0/1 a. the breakdown of glycogen b. the phosphorylation c. isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate d. phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate Correct answer d. phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate 49. One glucose molecule will yield how many pyruvate products? * 1/1 a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 50. Site of fermentation of undigested residues such as fibers. * 1/1 a. small intestine b. large intestine c. stomach d. mouth https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 20/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 51. In the digestive tract, disaccharides such as sucrose are hydrolyzed to *1/1 monosaccharides mainly by enzymes located in the: a. saliva b. gastric secretions c. lumen of the large intestine d. brush border of the small intestines 52. All are examples of indirect calorimetry except: * 1/1 a. bomb calorimeter b. respirometer c. pulse rate d. doubly-labeled water 53. In the small intestines______. * 1/1 a. cellulose fiber is digested into monosaccharides b. starch is digested by pancreatic amylase into maltose c. fat is not hydrolyzed d. protein is hydrolyzed by bile acids into amino acids https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 21/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 54. You ate one 57 gram serving of whole wheat spaghetti containing 8 *1/1 grams protein, 40 grams carbohydrate, 2 grams fat, and 7 grams fiber. Estimate the energy content in kcal. a. 200 b. 210 c. 240 d. 400 55. Most vitamins: * 1/1 a. are precursors to coenzymes. b. are synthesized by humans. c. consists of amino acids, fatty acids and sugars. d. are covalently linked to proteins without modification. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 22/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 56. Works closely with insulin to regulate the release of energy from *0/1 glucose. a. iodine b. selenium c. fluoride d. chromium Correct answer d. chromium 57. Kidney hormone that signals to reabsorb sodium. * 0/1 a. angiotensin b. aldosterone c. renin d. vasopressin Correct answer b. aldosterone https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 23/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 58. Deficiency of this B vitamin shows similar signs and symptoms like *1/1 vitamin B12. a. thiamin b. niacin c. folate d. pantothenic acid 59. The simplest of the nutrients. * 0/1 a. carbohydrate b. vitamins c. minerals d. water Correct answer c. minerals https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 24/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 60. Vitamins produced by bacteria in the GI tract except: * 0/1 a. folate b. thiamin c. vitamin K d. vitamin E Correct answer d. vitamin E 61. Insoluble fibers have the following functions except: * 0/1 a. they alleviate constipation b. they increase satiety c. they lower risks of hemorrhoids d. they lower risk of colon and rectal cancer Correct answer b. they increase satiety https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 25/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 62. Glycolysis: * 1/1 a. requires oxygen b. generates abundant energy c. converts glucose to pyruvate d. produces ammonia as a by-product 63. If the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course *1/1 of action? a. body cells will synthesize it b. protein synthesis will be limited c. health will not be affected as long as other nutrients are adequate d. proteins will be made but they will lack that particular amino acid 64. Addition of dilis in “champorado” is an example of Complementation *0/1 while addition of “monggo” to rice is an example of Supplementation. a. Only the first statement is correct. b. Only the second statement is correct. c. Both statements are correct. d. Both statements are incorrect. Correct answer d. Both statements are incorrect. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 26/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 65. The carbon compound used as starting material of the TCA cycle. * 0/1 a. acetyl CoA b. pyruvate c. glycerol d. carbon dioxide Correct answer a. acetyl CoA 66. Vitamin A does not play an important role in which of the following *0/1 processes? a. blood clotting b. growth of bones and teeth c. synthesis of visual pigment d. maintenance of mucous membrane Correct answer a. blood clotting https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 27/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 67. Thiamin is essential in carbohydrate metabolism. High carbohydrate *1/1 diet will increase the need for vitamin B1. a. Only the first statement is correct. b. Only the second statement is correct. c. Both statements are correct. d. Both statements are incorrect. 68. Vitamin C is most unstable of all-water soluble vitamins. On the *0/1 other hand, vitamin B3 is the most stable. a. Only the first statement is correct. b. Only the second statement is correct. c. Both statements are correct. d. Both statements are incorrect Correct answer c. Both statements are correct. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 28/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 69. Chloride parallels sodium requirements and excretion. Deficiency is *1/1 also associated with sodium depletion through severe diarrhea and/or vomiting. a. Only the first statement is correct. b. Only the second statement is correct. c. Both statements are correct. d. Both statements are incorrect. 70. Selenium is needed by iodine to be converted to its active form. *0/1 Which of the following is true? a. Selenium converts thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) which is the active form of iodine. b. Selenium converts triiodothyronine (T3) to thyroxine (T4) which is the active form of iodine. c. Selenium converts thyroglobulin to thyroxine (T4) which is the active form of iodine. d. None of the above. Correct answer a. Selenium converts thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) which is the active form of iodine. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 29/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 71. The vitamin most directly involved in protecting biomolecules from *0/1 damage caused by oxidation is: a. A b. B3 c. C d. E Correct answer d. E 72. Selenium is required by this detoxifying enzyme: * 0/1 a. superoxide dismutase b. xanthine oxidase c. glutathione peroxidase d. catalase Correct answer c. glutathione peroxidase https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 30/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 73. Ketone bodies can be used as a fuel by all of the following tissues *0/1 except: a. brain b. skeletal muscle c. heart d. red blood cells Correct answer d. red blood cells 74. Any substance which can be used in the body’s metabolic processes. * 0/1 a. metabolite b. nutrient c. vitamin d. nucleic acid Correct answer b. nutrient https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 31/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 75. The passage of products of digestion through the intestinal mucosa *1/1 into the blood and lymph system. a. digestion b. excretion c. absorption d. metabolism 76. Transport form of fat in the body after digestion and absorption. * 1/1 a. micelles b. bile c. cholesterol d. chylomicron 77. A reduced blood albumin level leads to: * 0/1 a. dehydration b. acidosis c. edema d. alkalosis Correct answer c. edema https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 32/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 78. The increase in basal metabolism per degree Fahrenheit rise in body *1/1 temperature. a. 5% b. 7% c. 10% d. 8% 79. Food constituents which enhance calcium absorption. * 0/1 a. oxalates & phytates b. vitamins C & D c. both a & b d. none of the above Correct answer b. vitamins C & D https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 33/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 80. Vitamins that help cells to divide. * 0/1 a. niacin & B12 b. thiamin & riboflavin c. folate & biotin d. folate & B12 Correct answer d. folate & B12 81.Erythrocyte hemolysis is a sign of: * 1/1 a. folate deficiency b. iron deficiency c. vitamin E deficiency d. vitamin B12 deficiency 82. In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are: * 1/1 a. high in K but low in Na b. high in K and Na c. high in Na but low in K d. low in K and Na https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 34/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 83. When blood Ca levels fall too low, the organ systems which raise the *1/1 low Ca levels are: a. intestines, stomach, kidneys b. intestines, kidneys, & bones c. intestines & kidneys d. stomach & bones 84. Which of the following has the highest pH? * 1/1 a. gastric juice b. bile in the gallbladder c. pancreatic juice d. saliva 85. The “physiologic sugar”: * 1/1 a. glucose b. fructose c. galactose d. none of the above https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 35/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 86. Plant foods that contain saturated fats: * 0/1 a. olives & avocados b. coconut & chocolate c. corn & soybeans d. none of the above Correct answer b. coconut & chocolate 87. Good sources of complete protein foods are: * 1/1 a. eggs & ground beef b. breads & cereals c. butter & margarine d. legumes & nuts 88. Fat and carbohydrates are called “protein sparers” due to which of *1/1 the following factors? a. they comprise the major portions of diets b. the body does not need proteins if fats & carbohydrates are present c. their presence reduces the need of utilizing proteins for energy d. they prevent storage of proteins https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 36/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 89. A deficiency in theses nutrients can cause anemia except: * 0/1 a. folic acid b. magnesium c. iron d. copper Correct answer b. magnesium 90. Phosphorous is found in: * 1/1 a. poultry b. common table salt c. vegetable oils d. leafy vegetables https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 37/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 91. The degree to which an ingested nutrient gets absorbed and is *0/1 available to the body: a. bioavailability b. bioassay c. biologic value d. none of the above Correct answer a. bioavailability 92. All are secretions of the endocrine glands which regulate metabolic *1/1 rate except: a. oxytocin b. thyroxine c. growth hormone d. epinephrine https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 38/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 93. Synthesized from lysine and methionine, this compound is important *0/1 in lipid metabolism. It carries long-chain fatty acids to the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. a. carnitine b. lecithin c. cholesterol d. cephalin Correct answer a. carnitine 94. Physiological actions of dietary fiber except: * 0/1 a. it increases bile acid excretion b. it improves glucose tolerance c. it decreases stool transit time d. it improves mineral absorption Correct answer d. it improves mineral absorption https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 39/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 95. Two vitamins whose requirements are based on an individual’s *0/1 energy intake: a. B1 & B2 b. B1 & B6 c. B1 & B3 d. B1 & B12 Correct answer a. B1 & B2 96. All are needed for the conversion of tryptophan to niacin except: * 0/1 a. B2 b. B6 c. Fe d. Zn Correct answer d. Zn https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 40/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 97. It competes with calcium for absorption: * 1/1 a. Mg b. P c. K d. Na 98. It protects folate from oxidative destruction: * 1/1 a. vitamin A b. vitamin B2 c. vitamin C d. vitamin E 99. Due to its many roles in amino acid metabolism, its dietary needs are *0/1 proportional to protein intake. a. B6 b. B2 c. B1 d. B3 Correct answer a. B6 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 41/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 100. The role of the villi and microvilli in the small intestines is to: * 1/1 a. produce all the enzymes needed for digestion b. slow the movement of food c. increase the surface area for nutrient absorption d. secrete water into the chyme Part II 50 of 100 points 101. The normal blood glucose level for optimal body functioning: * 0/1 a. 90-110 mg/dL b. 70-150 mg/dL c. 80-120 mg/dL d. 60-90 mg/dL Correct answer c. 80-120 mg/dL https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 42/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 102. The normal total concentration of blood plasma cholesterol: * 0/1 a. 150-200 mg/dL b. 180-250 mg/dL c. 200-250 mg/dL d. 190-260 mg/dL Correct answer b. 180-250 mg/dL 103. The average respiratory quotient of a mixed diet: * 1/1 a. 0.65 b. 0.85 c. 0.75 d. 0.95 104. A formula used to calculate REE. * 1/1 a. Ador Dionisio b. Biological Body Weight c. Krause Formula d. Harris-Benedict https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 43/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 105. Urine formation consists of 3 basic processes: * 1/1 a. osmosis, diffusion, filtration b. separation, secretion, osmosis c. filtration, secretion, reabsorption d. secretion, reabsorption, separation 106. Reabsorption of sodium in the distal and collecting tubules causes: * 0/1 a. secretion of PTH b. decreased water reabsorption c. lowering of the GFR d. expansion of blood volume Correct answer d. expansion of blood volume https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 44/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 107. Kidneys control pH through the following processes except: * 0/1 a. formation of carbonic acid b. secretion of hydrogen ions c. synthesis of ammonia d. resorption of sodium ions Correct answer a. formation of carbonic acid 108. Nutrition-related complications associated with TPN except: * 1/1 a. sepsis b. hyperglycemia c. acid-base imbalances d. dehydration 109. The addition of 10g salt in the diet increases the sodium content by: * 1/1 a. 10g b. 4g c. 2g d. 6g https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 45/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 110. A person with a height of 5’ ½” and weight of 110 lbs. has a BMI of: * 1/1 a. 25; overweight b. 21; underweight c. 20; underweight d. 22; normal 111. A 1L 5% dextrose solution contains ______ calories. * 0/1 a. 200 b. 170 c. 50 d. 20 Correct answer b. 170 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 46/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 112. Fat emulsions of 20% concentration contains ______ calories. * 0/1 a. 110 b. 20 c. 200 d. 180 Correct answer c. 200 113. Alternative measurements that can be used to estimate weight *0/1 except: a. knee height b. calf circumference c. creatinine height index d. MAC Correct answer c. creatinine height index https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 47/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 114. A physician ordered a 2000 kcal tube feeding formula, 1:1 dilution *1/1 for 3 hours. The volume per feeding is: a. 667 b. 333ml c. 250 ml d. 125 ml 115. A BMI of 25 kg/m2 according to WHO classification is considered: * 1/1 a. underweight b. normal c. obese d. overweight 116. A BMI of 23 kg/m2 according to Asia and the Pacific Region *1/1 classification is considered: a. underweight b. normal c. overweight d. obese https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 48/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 117. Type of formula delivery that is administered slowly and in constant *1/1 amount over a period of 8 hours or 24 hours: a. cyclic b. drip c. continuous d. intermittent 118. These formulas may be administered by PEG except: * 1/1 a. standard formulas b. hydrolyzed formulas c. disease-specific formulas d. blenderized formulas 119. Body measurements which are more reliable assessment tools in *0/1 persons with edema or ascites: a. weight, MAC b. MAC, triceps skinfold c. weight, triceps skinfold d. none of the above Correct answer b. MAC, triceps skinfold https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 49/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 120. These conditions are contraindicated for the use of tube feeding *0/1 except: a. metabolic stress b. paralytic ileus c. intractable vomiting d. peritonitis Correct answer a. metabolic stress 121. Risk assessment CHD includes measurement of blood lipids such *1/1 as: a. total cholesterol, TG b. LDL-C, total cholesterol c. HDL-C, TG d. all of the above https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 50/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 122. Most possible cause of diarrhea among tube-fed patients. * 0/1 a. lactose intolerance b. drug therapy c. bacterial contamination d. rapid delivery of formula Correct answer b. drug therapy 123. Common symptoms of food allergy except: * 1/1 a. abdominal pain b. oral & pharyngeal pruritus c. fever d. urticarial 124. A dietary pattern developed to reduce high blood pressure. * 1/1 a. DASH b. sodium restricted diets c. low fat diets d. MCT https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 51/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 125. The condition in a weight reduction program when weight remains at *0/1 the same level for a long period. a. weight plateau b. weight cycling c. yo-yo effect d. inadequate physical activity Correct answer a. weight plateau 126. Primary causes of peptic ulcer except: * 0/1 a. gastritis b. H. pylori infection c. aspirins & other NSAIDs d. spicy foods Correct answer d. spicy foods https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 52/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 127. Characterized by edema except: * 1/1 a. severe protein deficiency b. CHF c. a & b d. HPN 128. Gastrectomy decreases the absorption of this nutrient. * 0/1 a. iron b. vitamin A c. sodium d. vitamin E Correct answer a. iron 129. Voluntary self-starvation resulting in emaciation and typically occurs *1/1 during adolescence or young adulthood. a. anorexia nervosa b. binge eating disorder c. body image distortion d. eating disorder not otherwise specified https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 53/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 130. The use of pharmacologic agents has been shown to decrease *1/1 diabetes incidence by various degrees. The drug that should be considered for use in diabetes prevention is: a. alpha-glucosidase inhibitors b. orlistat c. metformin d. thiazolidinediones 131. The surgical creation of an opening from the body surface to the *0/1 intestinal tract to permit defecation. a. stoma b. ileostomy c. fistula d. enterocutaneous fistula Correct answer b. ileostomy https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 54/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 132. Diabetes mellitus characterized by absolute insulin deficiency. * 1/1 a. prediabetes b. Type 1 DM c. type 2 DM d. GDM 133. A dietary deficiency of the following cofactor can lead to Wernicke- *0/1 Korsakoff syndrome. a. thiamin b. niacin c. riboflavin d. biotin Correct answer a. thiamin https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 55/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 134. Your patient has a poorly healing wound, numerous recurring *1/1 infections, dry scaly skin, and a complaint that food is tasteless. This patient most likely has a deficiency of: a. iron b. calcium c. zinc d. phosphorus 135. A patient has been receiving all of her nutrition through a catheter in *0/1 the superior vena cava. She complains of pain in her arms and legs, a tingling in her hands and feet. She has been losing hair. Tests show high cholesterol and electrocardiogram abnormalities. The patient should most probably be treated by supplementing her nutrition with: a. thiamin b. pantothenic acid c. riboflavin d. biotin Correct answer d. biotin https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 56/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 136. Using the NPC method, compute for CHO and fat of a diet *1/1 prescription with 2000 kcal P55g: a. C265g F80g b. C300 g F90g c. C250 g F110 g d. C350 g F65g 137. The Mifflin-St. Jeor equation: * 0/1 a. is considered the “gold standard” for determining RMR. b. predicts RMR using weight and height alone. c. predicts RMR for children, but not for adults. d. accurately predicts RMR in overweight and obese individuals. Correct answer d. accurately predicts RMR in overweight and obese individuals. 138. Medications that reduce stomach acidity can impair the absorption *1/1 of: a. fat-soluble vitamins b. thiamin and riboflavin c. sodium and potassium d. vitamin B12, folate, and iron https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 57/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 139. People who use MAO inhibiters must limit consumption of: * 0/1 a. whole milk and yogurt. b. aged cheeses. c. dark green leafy vegetable d. grapefruit juice Correct answer b. aged cheeses. 140. Osmolality refers to an enteral formula’s: * 1/1 a. energy density. b. nutrient density. c. fiber content. d. concentrations of molecules and ionic particles 141. In selecting an appropriate enteral formula for a patient, the primary *1/1 consideration is: a. formula osmolality. b. the patient’s nutrient needs. c. availability of infusion pumps. d. formula cost. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 58/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 142. A patient needs 1800 milliliters of formula a day. If the patient is to *1/1 receive formula intermittently every 4 hours, how many milliliters of formula will she need at each feeding? a. 225 b. 300 c. 400 d. 425 143. The term that describes the volume of formula remaining in the *0/1 stomach from a previous feeding is: a. residue b. osmolar load c. gastric residual d. intermittent feeding Correct answer c. gastric residual https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 59/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 144. Which of the following cannot be delivered intravenously? * 1/1 a. Dextrose b. Amino acids c. Lipid emulsions d. Hydrolyzed enteral formulas 145. How many kcalories are supplied by 500 milliliters of an 8.5 percent *1/1 amino acid solution? a. 60 b. 170 c. 340 d. 500 146. For a patient receiving central TPN who also receives intravenous *1/1 lipid emulsions two or three times a week, the lipid emulsions serve primarily as a source of: a. essential fatty acids. b. cholesterol. c. fat soluble vitamins. d. concentrated energy. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 60/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 147. Iron is typically excluded from parenteral solutions, in part, because: * 1/1 a. requirements for iron vary substantially from person to person. b. iron can destabilize solutions that include lipid emulsions. c. iron restriction is necessary in persons using warfarin therapy. d. iron promotes fat deposition in the liver. 148. Routine monitoring of patients on TPN requires all of the following *0/1 except: a. serum electrolyte measurement. b. monitoring for daily weight changes. c. indirect calorimetry. d. liver enzyme tests. Correct answer c. indirect calorimetry. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 61/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 149. Refeeding syndrome causes dangerous fluctuations in: * 0/1 a. serum electrolytes. b. serum liver enzyme levels. c. blood triglycerides levels. d. ketone bodies. Correct answer a. serum electrolytes. 150. Which of the following metabolic changes accompanies acute *0/1 stress? a. Hypoglycemia b. Reduced heart and respiratory rates c. Elevated immune responses d. Muscle protein catabolism Correct answer d. Muscle protein catabolism https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 62/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 151. After an injury occurs, typical changes in the damaged tissue include *0/1 all of the following except: a. reduced capillary permeability. b. increased blood flow. c. warmth. d. fluid accumulation. Correct answer a. reduced capillary permeability. 152. How do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress *1/1 inflammatory processes? a. They interfere with histamine secretion. b. They inhibit eicosanoid synthesis. c. They impair the actions of certain cytokines. d. They inhibit the absorption of omega-6 fatty acids. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 63/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 153. Which of the following statements concerning protein and energy *0/1 recommendations during acute metabolic stress is true? a. Protein and energy recommendations are similar to those for healthy people. b. Protein and energy recommendations are reduced because a stressed individual cannot metabolize nutrients normally. c. Acute stressed individuals can benefit from as much protein and energy as can be provided. d. Protein and energy recommendations are increased to minimize muscle tissue losses. Correct answer d. Protein and energy recommendations are increased to minimize muscle tissue losses. 154. The immediate treatment provided to a patient with a severe burn *0/1 includes: a. parenteral feedings. b. fluid replacement. c. blood transfusions. d. micronutrient supplementation. Correct answer b. fluid replacement. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 64/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 155. The primary risk factor for COPD is: * 1/1 a. alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. b. occupational exposure to dusts or chemicals. c. cigarette smoking. d. frequent respiratory infections. 156. A primary feature of emphysema is: * 0/1 a. obstruction within the bronchi. b. obstruction within the bronchioles. c. obstruction of the walls separating the alveoli. d. excessive lung elasticity. Correct answer c. obstruction of the walls separating the alveoli. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 65/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 157. The weight loss and wasting that often occur in COPD can be *0/1 caused by: a. reduced food intake. b. increased metabolic rate. c. reduced exercise tolerance. d. all of the above. Correct answer d. all of the above. 158. Possible consequences of GERD include all of the following except: * 0/1 a. gastric ulcer. b. reflux esophagitis. c. dysphagia. d. Barrette’s esophagus. Correct answer a. gastric ulcer. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 66/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 159. For the patient with persistent vomiting, the major nutrition related *1/1 concern(s) is/are: a. dehydration and malnutrition. b. reflux esophagitis. c. dyspepsia. d. peptic ulcers. 160. Chronic gastritis may increase risk of: * 1/1 a. dumping syndrome. b. bone disease. c. iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies. d. gallbladder disease. 161. The primary cause of most peptic ulcers is: * 1/1 a. consumption of spicy foods. b. psychological stress. c. smoking cigarettes. d. Helicobacter pylori infection. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 67/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 162. The main dietary recommendation for patients with gastritis or *1/1 peptic ulcers is to consume foods that: a. neutralize stomach acidity. b. are well tolerated and do not cause discomfort. c. coat the stomach lining. d. promote healing of mucosal tissue. 163. Following a gastrectomy, patients can greatly minimize the risk of *1/1 dumping syndrome by: a. increase intake of carbohydrates and avoiding fatty foods. b. consuming liquids between meals and avoiding foods that supply sugars. c. consuming a high-fiber diet and minimizing meat and cheese intake. d. including milk products with each meal to provide protein. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 68/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 164. After a gastric bypass operation, the patient should be monitored for *0/1 all of the following conditions except: a. anemia. b. bone disease. c. hiatal hernia. d. fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies. Correct answer c. hiatal hernia. 165. The health practitioner advising an elderly patient with constipation *1/1 encourages the patient to: a. consume a low-fat diet low in sodium. b. consume a high-protein diet rich in calcium. c. eliminate gas-forming foods from the diet. d. gradually add high-fiber foods in the diet. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 69/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 166. Osmotic diarrhea often results from: * 0/1 a. excessive colonic contractions. b. excessive fluid secretion by the intestines. c. nutrient malabsorption. d. viral, bacterial, or protozoal infections. Correct answer c. nutrient malabsorption. 167. Nutrition problems that may result from fat malabsorption include *0/1 all of the following except: a. weight loss. b. essential amino acid deficiencies. c. bone loss. d. oxalate kidney stones. Correct answer b. essential amino acid deficiencies. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 70/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 168. Common nutrition problems associated with bacterial overgrowth in *0/1 the stomach and small intestine include: a. sensitivity to gluten. b. fat malabsorption and vitamin B12 deficiency. c. constipation. d. permanent loss of digestive enzymes. Correct answer b. fat malabsorption and vitamin B12 deficiency. 169. The majority of chronic pancreatitis cases can be attributed to: * 0/1 a. bacterial and viral infection. b. gallstones. c. alcohol abuse. d. elevated triglyceride levels. Correct answer c. alcohol abuse. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 71/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 170. Chronic pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis are both treated with: * 1/1 a. intestinal resection. b. postural drainage. c. enzyme replacement therapy. d. stool softeners. 171. A person with celiac disease must avoid products containing: * 1/1 a. wheat, barley, and rye. b. lactose. c. excessive fat. d. corn, rice, and millet. 172. Despite the intestine’s capacity for adaptation, removal of which *0/1 section of the intestine will likely result in fat malabsorption and multiple nutrients deficiencies? a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum d. Colon Correct answer c. Ileum https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 72/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 173. Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome most often include: * 1/1 a. nausea and vomiting. b. weight loss and malnutrition. c. strong odors and obstructions. d. constipation, diarrhea, and flatulence. 174. Diverticulosis is most often associated with: * 0/1 a. aging. b. inadequate exercise. c. intestinal surgery. d. a high-fiber diet. Correct answer a. aging. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 73/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 175. In cases of fatty liver that are unrelated to excessive alcohol intakes, *0/1 the primary risk factor is: a. following a high-protein diet. b. use of illicit drugs. c. following a high-fat diet. d. insulin resistance. Correct answer d. insulin resistance. 176. Which of the following statements about hepatitis is true? * 0/1 a. Chronic hepatitis can progress to cirrhosis. b. Whatever the cause of hepatitis, symptoms are typically severe. c. Vaccines are available to protect against hepatitis A, B, and C viruses. d. HCV infections can be spread through contaminated foods and water. Correct answer a. Chronic hepatitis can progress to cirrhosis. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 74/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 177. A complication of cirrhosis that contributes to the development of *0/1 ascites is: a. portal hypertension. b. elevated serum ammonia levels. c. bile obstruction. d. insulin resistance. Correct answer a. portal hypertension. 178. Lactulose, a nonabsorbable disaccharide, is generally prescribed to *0/1 patients who develop which complication of cirrhosis? a. Portal Hypertension b. Hepatic encephalopathy b. Bile insufficiency d. Ascites Correct answer b. Hepatic encephalopathy https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 75/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 179. People with ascites must often restrict dietary intake of: * 1/1 a. fat. b. protein. c. sugars. d. sodium. 180. Regarding the major risk factors for gallstone disease: * 0/1 a. prevalence is much higher in men than in women. b. gallstone risk is increased during pregnancy. c. rapid weight loss can temporarily shrink gallstones. d. risk is generally similar among ethnic groups. Correct answer b. gallstone risk is increased during pregnancy. 181. Nonsurgical approaches to gallstone treatment include: * 1/1 a. cholecystectomy. b. weight loss. c. dissolution and fragmentation. d. immunosuppressant drug therapy. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 76/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 182. Long-term glycemic control is usually evaluated by: * 1/1 a. self-monitoring of blood glucose. b. testing urinary ketone levels. c. measuring glycated hemoglobin. d. testing urinary protein levels (microalbuminuria). 183. For a person who has previously maintained good glycemic control, *0/1 hyperglycemia can be precipitated by; a. infections or illnesses. b. chronic alcohol ingestion. c. undertreatment of hypoglycemia d. prolonged exercise. Correct answer a. infections or illnesses. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 77/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 184. Ischemia in the coronary arteries is a frequent cause of: * 0/1 a. angina pectoris. b. hemorrhagic stroke. c. aneurysm. d. hypertension. Correct answer a. angina pectoris. 185. Patients with mild hypertriglyceridemia may improve their *0/1 triglyceride levels by: a. reducing sodium intake. b. consuming moderate amounts of alcohol. c. limiting intakes of refined carbohydrates. d. reducing cholesterol intake. Correct answer c. limiting intakes of refined carbohydrates. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 78/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 186. Which medications reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver? * 0/1 a. Bile acids sequestrants. b. Statins. c. ACE inhibitors. d. Fibrates Correct answer b. Statins. 187. Hemorrhagic stroke: * 0/1 a. is the most common type of stroke. b. results from obstructed blood flow within brain tissue. c. comes on suddenly and usually lasts for up to 30 minutes. d. results from bleeding within the brain, which damages brain tissue. Correct answer d. results from bleeding within the brain, which damages brain tissue. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 79/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 188. Hypertensive patients can benefit from all of the following dietary *0/1 and lifestyle modifications except: a. including fat-free or low-fat milk products in the diet. b. reducing total fat intake. c. consuming generous amounts of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts. d. reducing sodium intake. Correct answer b. reducing total fat intake. 189. Nutrition therapy for a patient with heart failure often includes: * 0/1 a. weight loss. b. reducing total fat intake. c. sodium restriction. d. cholesterol restriction. Correct answer c. sodium restriction. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 80/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 190. The nephrotic syndrome frequently results in: * 0/1 a. the uremic syndrome. b. oliguria. c. edema. d. renal colic. Correct answer c. edema. 191. Dietary recommendations for patients with nephrotic syndrome *1/1 include: a. a high protein intake. b. sodium restriction. c. calcium and potassium restrictions. d. fluid restriction. 192. The most common cause of chronic kidney disease is: * 1/1 a. diabetes mellitus. b. hypertension. c. autoimmune disease d. exposure to toxins. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 81/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics 193. Which of the following nutrients may be unintentionally restricted *1/1 when a patient restricts phosphorous Intake? a. Water. b. Calcium. c. Potassium. 194. Most kidney stones are made primarily from: * 1/1 a. struvite. b. uric acid. c. calcium oxalate. d. cystine. 195. An advantage of radiation therapy over chemotherapy is that: * 0/1 a. radiation is not damaging to rapidly dividing cells. b. side effects of radiation therapy do not include malnutrition. c. radiation can be directed toward the regions affected by cancer. d. the radiation used is too weak to damage GI tissues. Correct answer c. radiation can be directed toward the regions affected by cancer. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc9_9shN7SXy-psx9nvsGNDrHhRgsGQ04rCLo7GN44GpAqiw/viewscore?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&viewscore=AE… 82/85 9/25/24, 7:48 PM NDLE 2024 Mock Board Exam 1: Nutritional Biochemistry