NCMB 312 Finals Reviewer PDF

**COMMUNICABLE DISEASE OF THE GI TRACT** +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Disease | **Causati | **Clinica | **Diagnos | **Medical | **Nursing | | ** | ve | l | tics** | Managemen | Managemen | | | Agent** | Manifesta...

**COMMUNICABLE DISEASE OF THE GI TRACT** +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Disease | **Causati | **Clinica | **Diagnos | **Medical | **Nursing | | ** | ve | l | tics** | Managemen | Managemen | | | Agent** | Manifesta | | t** | t** | | | | tion** | | | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | **Cholera | Vibrio | **Incubat | Fecalysis | Restore | Protect | | -** | cholerae | ion | | blood, | food and | | El tor | / Vibrio | period:** | Rectal | fluid and | water | | | coma - | | Swab | electroly | supply | | | | 1-3 days | | te | | | | Produces | | Dark | balance | Enteric | | | toxin | **Period | field | | isolation | | | called | of | Microscop | Rehydrati | | | | cholerage | Communica | y | on | Proper | | | n | bility:** | | (IVF | food | | | | as long | | alkaline) | storage | | | Gram | as stool | | | and | | | negative, | sample is | | Antibioti | handling | | | appears | positive | | c | | | | to shape | for the | | therapy | Handwashi | | | like | bacterium | | (Tetracyc | ng | | | comma and | | | line, | | | | vibrate. | Rice | | Furazolid | Accurate | | | Survives | watery | | one, | VS and | | | longer in | stool | | Chloramph | intake | | | refrigera | (**Pathog | | enicol, | and | | | ted | nomonic | | Co-trimox | output | | | food | sign**) | | azole) | monitorin | | | | | | | g | | | Feco-oral | Inoffensi | | Coconut | | | | transmiss | ve | | water | | | | ion | and fishy | | | | | | | odor | | For pedia | | | | | stool, No | | continue | | | | | tenesmus, | | BF | | | | | dehydrati | | | | | | | on, | | | | | | | poor skin | | | | | | | turgor, | | | | | | | sunken | | | | | | | eyes, | | | | | | | washerwom | | | | | | | an's | | | | | | | hand, | | | | | | | cold | | | | | | | clammy | | | | | | | skin, | | | | | | | Kussmaul' | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | respirati | | | | | | | on, | | | | | | | oliguria | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **Complic | | | | | | | ation:** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hypovolem | | | | | | | ic | | | | | | | shock, | | | | | | | Metabolic | | | | | | | acidosis, | | | | | | | paralytic | | | | | | | ileus | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Bacilla | Shigella | **Incubat | Fecalysis | PNSS IVF | Protect | | ry | dysenteri | ion | | with | food and | | dysentery | ae | period:** | Rectal | electroly | water | | -** | (most | 7 hours - | swab and | tes | supply | | shigellos | infectiou | 7 days | culture | | | | is | s), | (3-5 | | Oresol | Enteric | | or bloody | Shigella | days) | Blood | | isolation | | flux | fleshneri | | culture | Low-resid | | | | (most | **Period | | ue | Proper | | | common in | of | Methylene | diet | food | | | Philippin | Communica | blue | | storage | | | es), | bility** | staining | Avoid | and | | | | | | milk | handling | | | Shigella | During | | products | | | | boydii | acute | | | Handwashi | | | | phase of | | **DO NOT | ng | | | Shigella | infection | | ADMINISTE | | | | conrei | | | R | Accurate | | | | Fever, | | anti-diar | VS and | | | Feco-Oral | tenesmus, | | rheal | intake | | | transmiss | nausea | | drugs** | and | | | ion | and | | | output | | | | vomiting, | | Antibioti | monitorin | | | Oro-anal | headache, | | c | g | | | transmiss | colicky | | therapy | | | | ion | and | | (Cirpoflo | | | | | cramping | | xacin, | | | | Indirect | abdominal | | Ofloxacin | | | | transmiss | pain, | | , | | | | ion | diarrhea | | Levofloxa | | | | | with | | cin, | | | | | bloody | | Azithromy | | | | | mucoid | | cin) | | | | | stool, | | | | | | | dehydrati | | Homemade | | | | | on, | | salt | | | | | weight | | sugar (1 | | | | | loss | | teaspoon | | | | | | | salt; 8 | | | | | **Complic | | teaspoon | | | | | ations:** | | sugar; 1 | | | | | | | Liter of | | | | | Pneumonia | | water) it | | | | | , | | is only | | | | | Intestina | | good for | | | | | l | | 24 hours | | | | | ulceratio | | | | | | | ns, | | | | | | | Rectal | | | | | | | prolapse | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Amoebia | Entomaeba | **Incubat | Fecalysis | Metronida | Protect | | sis-** | histolyti | ion | | zole | food and | | amoebic | ca | period:** | CBC shows | (Drug of | water | | dysentery | | 1-4 week | leukocyto | choice) | supply | | | **Trophoz | | sis | | | | | oites-** | **Period | | Tetracycl | Enteric | | | invades | of | Proctosco | ine | isolation | | | other | Communica | py | | | | | organs | bility:** | | Ampicilli | Proper | | | and | | Sigmoidos | n | food | | | motile | During | copy | | storage | | | form | the | | Streptomy | and | | | | entire | | cin | handling | | | **Cysts-* | duration | | | | | | * | of | | Replaceme | Handwashi | | | infective | illness | | nt | ng | | | to human, | | | of fluid | | | | resistant | **Acute:* | | and | Accurate | | | to | * | | electroly | VS and | | | environme | | | tes | intake | | | ntal | Slight | | | and | | | stress | attacks | | | output | | | and | of | | | monitorin | | | passed in | diarrhea | | | g | | | stools | with | | | | | | | constipat | | | Avoid | | | Feco-oral | ion | | | eating | | | transmiss | and | | | ground | | | ion | tenesmun, | | | vegetable | | | | watery | | | s | | | Cyst can | foul | | | that used | | | only be | smelling | | | night | | | killed | with | | | soil | | | via: | mucus and | | | | | | | blood | | | Properly | | | **Putrefa | streaked | | | collect | | | ction-** | stools, | | | the stool | | | decay of | flatulenc | | | specimen | | | the host | e, | | | by | | | | abdominal | | | avoiding | | | **Dessica | distentio | | | it to be | | | tion-** | n, | | | mixed in | | | removal | tendernes | | | urine and | | | of | s | | | select | | | moisture | in right | | | portion | | | | iliac | | | of the | | | **Extreme | region | | | stool | | | temperatu | | | | that has | | | res** | **Chronic | | | mucus and | | | such as 5 | :** | | | blood on | | | degree C | | | | it | | | or more | Attack of | | | | | | than 40 | dysentery | | | Send the | | | degree C | followed | | | specimen | | | | by | | | ASAP in | | | | constipat | | | the lab | | | | ion, | | | | | | | anorexia, | | | | | | | weight | | | | | | | loss, | | | | | | | weakness, | | | | | | | hepatomeg | | | | | | | aly | | | | | | | poor skin | | | | | | | turgor in | | | | | | | abdomen | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **Extrain | | | | | | | testinal* | | | | | | | * | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fever, | | | | | | | RUQ pain, | | | | | | | cutaneous | | | | | | | amoebic | | | | | | | infection | | | | | | | , | | | | | | | anchovy-s | | | | | | | auce | | | | | | | sputum, | | | | | | | pulmonary | | | | | | | abscess | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Typhoid | Salmonell | **Incubat | Typhidot | Chloramph | Protect | | fever** | a | ion | (confirma | enicol | food and | | | typhi | Period:** | tory | (drug of | water | | | | 5-40 days | test) | choice) | supply | | | Salmonell | | | | | | | a | **Period | ELISA | Ampicilli | Enteric | | | typhosa | of | | n | isolation | | | | Communica | Rectal | | | | | Gram | bility:** | swab | Co-trimox | Proper | | | negative | | | azole | food | | | bacteria | As long | Widal | | storage | | | pathogeni | as | test- | Ciproflox | and | | | c | patient | determine | acin | handling | | | only to | excretes | s | (2nd | | | | humans | bacteria | agglutina | line) | Handwashi | | | | | ting | | ng | | | Feco-oral | **Initial | antibodie | Ceftriaxo | | | | transmiss | :** | s: | ne | Accurate | | | ion | fever, | | (3rd | VS and | | | | chill, | **OAg**- | line) | intake | | | Direct | headache, | polysacch | | and | | | contact | nausea | aride | Cefepime | output | | | transmiss | vomiting, | | (4th | monitorin | | | ion | Rose | **HAg**- | line) | g | | | of 5Fs | signs | protein | | | | | | (pathogno | | | Prevent | | | (Feces, | monic | **VAg**- | | falls | | | Fingers, | sign) | carbohydr | | | | | Flies, | | ates | | Keep | | | Food, | **Typhoid | | | patient | | | Fomites) | state:** | | | warm | | | | Subsultus | | | | | | | tendinum | | | Watch out | | | | (abnormal | | | for | | | | twitching | | | neurologi | | | | of | | | cal | | | | tendons), | | | symptoms | | | | coma | | | | | | | vigil | | | Concurren | | | | (blank | | | t | | | | stare), | | | and | | | | carpholog | | | terminal | | | | ia | | | disinfect | | | | (lint-pic | | | ion | | | | king | | | | | | | behavior) | | | | | | | , | | | | | | | delirium | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Hepatit | Hepatitis | **Incubat | HAV and | Supportiv | Protect | | is-** | A virus | ion | HBV | e/Symptom | food and | | infectiou | (Picornav | period:** | complemen | atic | water | | s | irus) | 2-6 weeks | t | treatment | supply | | hepatitis | | | fixation | | | | | Feco-oral | **Period | rate | Bed rest | Enteric | | | transmiss | of | | | isolation | | | ion | Communica | SGPT | Nutrition | | | | | bility:** | | therapy | Proper | | | Oro-anal | week | SGOT | (High | food | | | transmiss | before | | carbohydr | storage | | | ion | and week | ALT | ates, | and | | | | after the | | Low fat, | handling | | | Sharing | appearanc | Bile | Low | | | | of | e | examinati | proteins) | Handwashi | | | needles | of | on | | ng | | | | symptoms | | Vitamin B | | | | Ingestion | | Fecalysis | complex | Accurate | | | of | Fatigue, | | | VS and | | | Contamina | low-grade | IgM | Isoprinos | intake | | | ted | fever, | concentra | ine | and | | | food | anorexia, | tion | (Methisop | output | | | | nausea | | rinol) | monitorin | | | | and | | | g | | | | vomiting, | | Belladonn | | | | | abdominal | | a | Provide | | | | pain, | | | skin and | | | | pale | | Antiemeti | oral care | | | | colored | | cs | | | | | stool, | | | Observe | | | | dark | | Hepatitis | melena | | | | urine, | | vaccine | | | | | arthralgi | | | Encourage | | | | a, | | | patient | | | | jaundice, | | | to limit | | | | extreme | | | strenuous | | | | itching | | | activitie | | | | | | | s | | | | **SELF-LI | | | | | | | MITING** | | | Assist | | | | | | | client in | | | | | | | planning | | | | | | | activitie | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gradual | | | | | | | resumptio | | | | | | | n | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | activitie | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mild | | | | | | | exercise | | | | | | | during | | | | | | | recovery | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ **COMMUNICABLE DISEASES OF NERVOUS SYSTEM** +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Disease | **Causati | **Clinica | **Diagnos | **Medical | **Nursing | | ** | ve | l | tics** | Managemen | Managemen | | | Agent** | Manifesta | | t** | t** | | | | tion** | | | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | **Meningi | **Viral:* | **Incubat | Presentin | Antibioti | Assess | | tis-** | * | ion | g | c | neurologi | | cerebrosp | Enterovir | period:** | symptoms | therapy - | c | | inal | uses, | Varies, | and | IV | vital | | fever | Arbovirus | depends | health | antibioti | signs | | | es, | on the | history | cs | | | | Polioviru | causative | | for 2 | Monitor | | | s, | agents | CSF | weeks and | signs of | | | Paramyxov | | analysis | oral | increased | | | irus, | Fever, | | antibioti | intracran | | | Adenoviru | severe | Lumbar | cs | ial | | | ses, | headache, | tap | afterward | pressure | | | Rubella, | nuchal | procedure | s | | | | Varicella | and spine | (diagnost | | Observe | | | -zoster | rigidity | ic | Ampicilli | level of | | | virus | (Hallmark | and | n | conscious | | | | sign), | therapeut | | ness | | | **Bacteri | exaggerat | ic) | Cephalosp | | | | al:** | ed | | orins | Monitor | | | | deep | Gram | | intake | | | **Haemoph | tendon | staining | Aminoglyc | and | | | ilus | reflex, | | osides | output | | | influenza | Opisthono | Blood | | | | | e | s, | smear and | Anticonvu | Watch out | | | B**- | | culture | lsant | for fluid | | | common | **(+) | sensitivi | medicatio | overload | | | among | Bruzinski | ty | ns | | | | young | 's | test | | Position | | | infants | sign-** | | Sedatives | patient | | | and | passive | CT Scan | | and turn | | | children | flexion | | Mannitol | regularly | | | | of the | MRI | | | | | **Neisser | neck | | Digitalis | ROM | | | ia | results | | | exercises | | | meningiti | in reflex | | Paracetam | | | | s-** | flexion | | ol | Isolation | | | common | of the | | | | | | among | hips and | | HiB | Adequate | | | adults | knees | | vaccine | nutrition | | | | | | | | | | **Strepto | **(+) | | | | | | coccus | Kernig's | | | | | | pneumonia | sign-** | | | | | | e-** | appearanc | | | | | | common | e | | | | | | among | of | | | | | | older | resistanc | | | | | | adults | e | | | | | | | or pain | | | | | | **Strepto | during | | | | | | coccus | extension | | | | | | agalactia | of the | | | | | | e-** | patient\' | | | | | | common | s | | | | | | among | knees | | | | | | neonates | beyond | | | | | | | 135 | | | | | | **Fungal- | degrees | | | | | | ** | | | | | | | RARE; | Sinus | | | | | | cryptococ | arrhythmi | | | | | | cal | a, | | | | | | meningiti | visual | | | | | | s | problems, | | | | | | | increase | | | | | | **Chemica | intracran | | | | | | l:** | ial | | | | | | antibioti | pressure | | | | | | cs, | (bulging | | | | | | NSAIDs, | fontanels | | | | | | Lumbar | , | | | | | | puncture | nausea | | | | | | | and | | | | | | During | projectil | | | | | | labor or | e | | | | | | birth | vomiting, | | | | | | transmiss | frontal | | | | | | ion | headache, | | | | | | | blurring | | | | | | Droplets, | of | | | | | | direct | vision, | | | | | | and | altered | | | | | | indirect | sensorium | | | | | | contacts | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Delirium, | | | | | | | deep | | | | | | | stupor | | | | | | | and coma | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Poliomy | Polio | **Abortiv | Throat | Supportiv | Enteric | | elitis-** | virus or | e-** | swab | e | isolation | | Infantile | Legio | Headache, | | or | | | paralysis | debilitan | sore | Stool | Symptomat | Oral and | | or | s | throat, | culture | ic | skin care | | Heine-Med | | slight to | | treatment | | | in | 3 | moderate | CSF | | Observe | | disease | Strains: | fever, | culture | Analgesic | for signs | | | | patient | | s | of | | **Abortiv | Brunhilde | usually | | | paralysis | | e-** | | recovers | | Morphine | | | does not | Lansing | within 72 | | unless | Watch out | | invade | | hours | | contraind | for fecal | | CNS | Leon | | | icated | impaction | | accounts | | **Non-par | | | | | 4-8% of | Feco-oral | alytic-** | | Moist | Hand | | cases | transmiss | All signs | | heat | hygiene | | | ion | and | | applicati | | | **Non-par | | symptoms | | on | Repositio | | alytic-** | Oropharyn | of | | | ning | | transient | geal | abortive | | Bed rest | and | | paralysis | secretion | type | | | turning | | only | | | | Physical | of | | occurs; | Direct | Hamstring | | therapy | patient | | few motor | and | muscle | | | | | nerves | indirect | spasm, | | Correctiv | Emotional | | are | contact | changes | | e | support | | affected, | | in deep | | shoes for | | | can | | and | | paralytic | | | recover | | superfici | | type | | | from | | al | | | | | paralysis | | reflexes, | | | | | | | inability | | | | | **Paralyt | | to place | | | | | ic-** | | head | | | | | debilitat | | between | | | | | ing | | the knees | | | | | type of | | usually | | | | | polio | | lasts | | | | | where | | about | | | | | permanent | | week, | | | | | paralysis | | transient | | | | | occurs | | paralysis | | | | | | | | | | | | **Bulbar | | **(+) | | | | | paralytic | | Pandy's | | | | | -** | | test-** | | | | | affects | | elevated | | | | | Cranial | | levels of | | | | | nerves IX | | proteins | | | | | and X | | (mainly | | | | | | | globulins | | | | | **Spinal | | ) | | | | | paralytic | | in the | | | | | -** | | CSF | | | | | Higher | | | | | | | spinal | | **Paralyt | | | | | invasion | | ic-** | | | | | affects | | all signs | | | | | upper | | and | | | | | motor | | symptoms | | | | | nerves | | of | | | | | | | abortive | | | | | **Bulbosp | | and | | | | | inal-** | | non-paral | | | | | higher | | ytic | | | | | and lower | | | | | | | part of | | **Bulbar- | | | | | affected | | ** | | | | | | | Dysphasia | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | dysphagia | | | | | | | , | | | | | | | head lag | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **(+) | | | | | | | Hoyne's | | | | | | | sign-** | | | | | | | patient | | | | | | | assuming | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | tripod | | | | | | | position | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **Spinal- | | | | | | | ** | | | | | | | Dyspnea, | | | | | | | urinary | | | | | | | retention | | | | | | | , | | | | | | | less | | | | | | | tendon | | | | | | | reflex, | | | | | | | abdominal | | | | | | | distentio | | | | | | | n, | | | | | | | constipat | | | | | | | ion, | | | | | | | (+) | | | | | | | Kernig | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | Brudzinki | | | | | | | 's | | | | | | | sign | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **Bulbosp | | | | | | | inal-** | | | | | | | both | | | | | | | manifesta | | | | | | | tion | | | | | | | of bulbar | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | spinal | | | | | | | paralytic | | | | | | | polio | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Leprosy | Mycobacte | **General | Presentin | Sulfone | Isolation | | -** | rium | :** | g | therapy | and | | Hansen's | leprae- | Corneal | symptoms | | medical | | disease | attacks | insensiti | | Rehabilit | asepsis | | or | cutaneous | vity, | Slit-skin | ation | | | Hansenosi | tissues | Claw Hand | smear | | Terminal | | s | and | (atrophy | | Recreatio | disinfect | | | periphera | of hand | Blood | nal | ion | | **Pauciba | l | muscle), | test | and | | | cillary-* | nerves | Lagophtha | (increase | occupatio | Personal | | * | | lmos | d | nal | hygiene | | AKA | Respirato | (eyelid | RBC and | therapy | | | Tuberculo | ry | paralysis | ESR; | | Moral | | id/Neural | droplets | ), | Decreased | Multi | support | | /Indeterm | and | Paralysis | Calcium, | drug | | | inate; | inoculati | and | Cholester | therapy | Nutrition | | non-infec | on | periphera | ol | | al | | tious | through | l | and | **Pauciba | support | | type | skin | anesthesi | albumin) | cillary-* | | | | break | a | | * | Avoidance | | **Multiba | (prolonge | | Lepromin | Rifampici | of | | cillary-* | d) | **Pauciba | test | n | prolonged | | * | transmiss | cillary-* | | and | skin | | AKA | ion | * | | Dapsone | contact | | Lepromato | | regions | | for 6 | | | us/Progre | | of skin | | months | BCG | | ssive/Bor | | have lost | | | vaccine | | derline; | | sensation | | **Multiba | | | infectiou | | and | | cillary-* | Health | | s | | surrounde | | * | education | | type | | d | | Rifampici | | | | | by border | | n, | | | | | of | | Dapsone | | | | | nodules, | | and | | | | | raised | | Clofazimi | | | | | erythemat | | ne | | | | | ous | | for 12 | | | | | plaques | | months | | | | | | | | | | | | **Multiba | | | | | | | cillary-* | | | | | | | * | | | | | | | disfigure | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | nodules | | | | | | | all over | | | | | | | the body, | | | | | | | Leonine | | | | | | | facies, | | | | | | | Madarosis | | | | | | | (loss of | | | | | | | eyebrows | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | lashes) | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Tetanus | Clostridi | **Neonate | Presentin | Tetanus | Maintain | | -** | um | s-** | g | antitoxin | adequate | | lockjaw | tetani- | feeding | signs | | airway | | | anaerobic | difficult | | Tetanus | | | | gram | y, | Blood | immunoglo | 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