NCM 106 Safe Drug Administration PDF

Safe Drug Administration, New Prescribing - most common type of Technologies, and Internet medication error Patient's Role: Information Keep a written list of all medic...

Safe Drug Administration, New Prescribing - most common type of Technologies, and Internet medication error Patient's Role: Information Keep a written list of all medications Medication Error - any preventable event you are taking, including that may cause or lead to inappropriate prescription, over-the-counter, and medication use or patient harm while the herbal medications. medication is in the control of the health Know what each of your drugs is care professional, patient, or consumer. being used to treat. Can occur at any point in the Read the labels and follow process: ordering, transcribing, directions. dispensing, administering, and Store drugs in a dry place, away monitoring medication. from children and pets. May or may not have serious Speak-up. consequences. New Technologies Related to Drug Medication errors that are not Administration: intercepted, however, will actually Smart Inhalers harm the patient. Precision Medicine - patients with Prevalence: tumors that share the same genetic 5 per 100 - medication change receive the drug that targets administrations that change, no matter the type of 7 in 100 - medication errors have the cancer. potential to cause patient injury Internet Information - according to a 1 in 100 - actually results in injury survey by the Health On the Net Foundation Common n teaching hospitals rather (HON) Code of Conduct, 68.3% of than community hospitals. healthcare professionals said patients discuss Errors of Commission - focus of information found on the internet. most studies on medication errors. Why do medication errors occur in nursing? Tiredness due to Increased Workload (97.8%) - common cause in nurses. Drug Calculations (77.4%) - common cause in nursing students. Prevalence of Medication Errors in Admitted Patients at the Philippine General Hospital - there is a high prevalence in the main service wards at 97.8% prevalence rate with Pediatrics and Medicing having the most errors.  Error of Omission Error of Commission Failure to take the correct action When the wrong action was taken Mistake Carelessness, negligence or lack of knowledge Examples: Examples: Missed Care Wrong site surgery Failure to respond to an urgent Giving a patient a medication that situation they are allergic to Delay in treatment Giving a patient the wrong dosage of medication. Drugs Commonly Associated with Medication Errors: Drug Type Examples of Common Errors Analgesics Oversedation Wrong route of administration Failure to monitor heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure Allergic reactions in patients with documented allergy. Antibiotics Overuse when symptoms do not warrant use Wrong antibiotic dose or both Anticoagulants Inadequate therapeutic dosing No evaluation of findings from laboratory testing of blood values, such as international normalized ratio. Cardiovascular Agents Overdose Chemotherapeutic Agents Overdose Wrong route of administration Lack of monitoring lab vaules and side effects. Diuretics Overdose Lack of monitoring electrolytes Psychotropic Medications Oversedation Diabetic Medications Use in people without diabetes Overdose of intravenous or injectable medications, including duplicate dosing. Drug substitution or wrong type of insulin Mistaking heparin for insulin. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Extended use, leading to serious (NSAIDs) gastrointestinal complications such as bleeding and perforation. Overdose because NSAIDs are contained in many over-the-counter products. Taking excessive amounts, leading to hepatoxicity. Total Parenteral Nutritional Solutions Given peripherally, not through a central time. Wrong amount of components. Questions and Steps to ensure the Correct Administration of Medications: Questions to Ask Actions to Take When Preparing to Give Medication Right Drug: Determine if the patient has any Has the patient been given this known drug allergies or sensitivities. medication before? Assess the patient's other medications Given the patient's symptoms and to detect possible contraindications. diagnosis, does it make sense for the Make sure it is the right medication: patient to have this medication? packaging, labeling, and spelling of some drugs look alike. Have another person double check all medications. Right Reason: Determine if the patient has the Does the patient's condition, condition the medication is used for, symptoms, and health status warrant  receiving this medication? Right Dose and Preparation: Ensure labeling is legible and clearly Is the correct dose being understood. administered? How is the medication administered? Immediately Before Administering the Medication Right Patient: Verify the identity of the patient using Is this the right patient to receive this at least two identifiers (check medication? wristband, ask the patient's name) Right Time: Check when the medication was last Is this the correct time for the administered. If the drug is new, medication to be administered? document when it is first given. Right Route: Check the original orders to verify the Is it appropriate to administer the route of administration medication orally, intravenously, or by injection? After the Medication Has Been Administered Right Drug, Right Dose, and Right Rate: Monitor the patient to: How is the patient responding to the - Determine the efficacy of the medication? drug. - Detect and prevent complication. - Evaluate and document changes in health status. When applicable, assess the patient's laboratory values to detect changes. Provide patient education, when possible, so patient is alert to adverse effects and changes in how they feel.