NCM-106-PHARMACOLOGY.pdf

NCM 106 PHARMACOLOGY NOTES – Assessment - “Right medication to the right patient” Ask two patient identifier – name of RIGHT TO REFUSE patient and birthdate - Patient identification band &...

NCM 106 PHARMACOLOGY NOTES – Assessment - “Right medication to the right patient” Ask two patient identifier – name of RIGHT TO REFUSE patient and birthdate - Patient identification band & medication - Don’t force the patient administration record RIGHT DRUG TELEPHONE ORDER/ VERBAL 3 times – when you pick up the medication - Read back to doctor if correct transcription and remove it from the drug cabinet - Be careful to copying the details of As you prepare THE DRUG FOR prescribed medication ADMINISTER WHEN YOU ADMINISTER THE DRUG - IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER - RIGHT PATIENT, DRUG DOSE TIME RIGHT DOSE AND ROUTE - Verification of order - ASSESS EVAL DOCUMENT EDUCATE - be careful, REFUSE “RIGHT DOSE RIGHT TIME” BID – TWICE A DAY COMMON HOUSEHOLD TID – 3 TIMES A DAY MEASUREMENTS QID – 4 TIMES MEMORIZE CONVERSIONS RIGHT ASSSESSMENT 1 TSP - 1 TSP APOTHECARY MEMORIZE THE GRAIN - Baseline ex. Bp, vital signs EX. 1GR EQUAL TO OR 65 MG - asses the antibiotic - skin testing (ANST) via intra dermal route METHODS OF DRUG CALCULATIONS RIGHT DOCUMENTATION METHOD - Always sign after administration D – DESIRED DOSE (AS ORDERED) - med administration record (mar) H – DRUG ON HAND (AVAILABLE) RIGHT EDUCATION V – VOLUME OF A DRUG FORM - Always give the right education A – AMOUNT CALCULATED TO BE - side effects, diet, when is the best time GIVEN TO THE PATIENT medication RIGHT EVALUATION - Check if the drug is effective?  DRUGS FOR MINOR DISCOMFORTS OF PREGNANCY AND LABOR DRUGS PREGANANCY TERATOGENIC EFFECTS – side effects/ NAUSEA AND VOMITING – CHRONIC harmful effects on the fetus GONADOTROPIN (hCG) Nonpharmacologic measures IRON – vitamin supplementation; - eating crackers, dry toast increase plasma – decrease rbc equal - (hyperemesis gravidarum) physiologic anemia - hemoglobin equal O2 METOCLOPRAMIDE (REGLAN) - accelerated gastric emptying Dosage: Side effects – drowsiness, nausea/vomiting - normal dosage 325 mg/day 2 to 3 times/ day ONDANSTERON (ZOFRAN) Purpose is for iron deficiency - Antiemetic Prophylaxis HEARTBURN (OTC) ADVERSE REACTIONS ; antacids – anti acid ; constipation – increase oral fluid intake ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE - black tarry stools - constipation - gastrointestinal - Magnesium NURSING IMPLICATION TOCOLYTIC THERAPY - Take at bedtime - Orange juice other vit c source, it - a drug therapy using beta2 adregenic increases the absorption of iron receptor agonist or more commonly, the - use straw; tab/cap calcium antagonist magnesium sulfate to decreases uterine muscle contractions. - sit upright 30 min after dose to decrease reflux COMMON DRUG - increase fluids, activity, and dietary bulk – increase fiber. TERBUTALINE (via intra) Side effects: tachycardia, increased FOLIC ACID – neural development systolic blood pressure, chestpian, nausea. - prevents birth defects and neural tube defects MAGNESIUM SULFATE (via IV) - spinal cord/ spine/ csf - Relaxes the smooth muscle of the uterus Side effets: hypotension, RR, DTR, DOSAGE: o.4mg to 0.8mg (8weeks) NURSING INTERVENTIONS DURING - first two to three months after cpnception. (organogenises) TOCOLYTIC THERAPY Multiple vitamins – vit A - monitor FHR Megadoses of vitains - assess deep tendon reflexes - anti dote in toxic effect, give calcium gluconate 1gram is the allowable CORTISCOSTEROID THERAPHY ROUTES OF MEDICINE ADMINISTRATION CORTISCOSTEROID THERAPHY SURFACTANT – component you can see in TABLETS AND CAPSULES CORTISCOSTEROID the alveoli THERAPHY LIQUIDS Accelerate lung maturation and lung ELIXIRS - sweetened hydro alcoholic surfactant development in the fetus in utero liquids - 24 and 34 gestational weeks SYRUP – - increased survival of pre-term infants EMULSIONS - SUSPENSION – (BETAMETHASONE) It increases the: TRANSDERMAL “SKIN” - salt = bp increase - sex hormones - long duration action (12hrs and up) - sugar = glucose - this med causes decline wbc nursing interventions NURSING INTERVENTION - observe standard precautions 1. apply on hair surface a decline agranulo cytosis check bp, vital signs 2. Rotate the sites COVERAGE IN PRELIM PHARMACOLOGY TOPICAL Foundation up to Reproductive Drug 1. Creams 2. oils NCM 106 PHARMACOLOGY 3. Lotions GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION 4. Ointments 1. Confirm client diagnosis 2. Identify all concurrent medicines INSTILLATIONS 3. Research drug compatibilities 1. Eye drop – low conjunctival sac, head backward. Do not let the tip touch the eyes, 4. Calculate dosage accurately close, and apply pressure on inner canthus to outer 5. Check for expiration 2. Eye ointment - prescribed for infections, 6. Compare the medication label 5times inflammation, or dryness. 7. Confirm patient identity 8. Provide client teaching ADMINISTERING MED 9. Stay with client (NGT) 10. after giving medicines, leave in client in 1. POSITION – High fowlers/ Semi fowlers - comfort. to prevent aspirations 2.Check patency – aspirate contents – ROUTINE ORDERS – given within 2hrs of check PH and auscultate being written and carried out on schedule 3. Flushing (before) – 30cc water, gives STANDING ORDER – written I advance medicine. carried out under specific circumstances 7 PARTS OF A DRUG ORDER ID /(Intradermal) – skin testing for allergic, 10-15degrees 1. Date and time of a drug order SQ/ (Subcutaneous) 2. Patient name - Fat insulin, 90degrees 3. Drug name IM/ (Intramuscular) 4. Dosage - muscle, 90degrees 5. Route of Administration (ANST) – after negative skin test 6. Signature of a Doctor Subcutaneous sites - adequate fat pad size -upper outer aspect of the arms abdomen; anterior high ZTRACK same as IM route INTRAVENOUS INTRAOSSEOUS – bone marrow Sites of Intradermal injections - Anterior aspect of forearm - Upper chest, upper back Equipment used: tuberculin syringe IM routes/sites - deltoid and vastus lateralis IV routes/sites - Cephalic vein and Metacarpal vein INTRAOSSEOUS - bone marrow TYPES OF MEDICINE ORDER STAT ORDER – needed immediately SINGLE ORDER – given only once PRN ORDER – given as needed