National Artists of the Philippines for Literature PDF

NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPIN ES FOR LITERATUR E 1 NATIONAL Jointly administered by the National ARTISTS Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) OF THE and the Cultural Center of the Philippines PHILIPPIN (CCP), the award is conferre...

NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPIN ES FOR LITERATUR E 1 NATIONAL Jointly administered by the National ARTISTS Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) OF THE and the Cultural Center of the Philippines PHILIPPIN (CCP), the award is conferred by the ES FOR Philippine President upon recommendation by LITERATUR both institutions. E https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 2 National_Artist_of_the_Philippines NATIONAL The National Artist Award is ARTISTS the highest national recognition given OF THE to Filipinos who have made significant contributions PHILIPPIN to development of thePhilippine arts and ES FOR letters. It was created through LITERATUR Presidential Proclamation No. 1001 E on April 27, 1972. ▪Literature – poetry, fiction, essay, playwriting, journalism and/or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 3 National_Artist_of_the_Philippines NATIONAL The National Artist of the Philippines ARTISTS are based on a broad criteria, as set OF THE forth by the Cultural Center of the PHILIPPIN Philippines and the National ES Commission on Culture and the Arts. 4 CRITERIA 1. Living artists who have been IN Filipino citizens for the last ten years CHOOSING NATIONAL prior to nomination as well as those ARTISTS who have died after the establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 5 National_Artist_of_the_Philippines CRITERIA IN CHOOSING NATIONAL ARTISTS 2. Artists who have helped build a Filipino sense of nationhood through the content and form of their works; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 6 National_Artist_of_the_Philippines CRITERIA IN CHOOSING NATIONAL 3. Artists who have distinguished ARTISTS themselves by pioneering in a mode of creative expression or style, making an impact on succeeding generations of artists; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 7 National_Artist_of_the_Philippines CRITERIA IN CHOOSING 4. Artists who have NATIONAL significant created a body ARTISTS have of worksand/or consistently displayed excellence in the practice of their art form, enriching artistic expression or style; and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 8 National_Artist_of_the_Philippines CRITERIA IN 5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance CHOOSING through prestigious national and/or NATIONAL ARTISTS international recognition, awards in prestigious national and/or international events, critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works, and/or respect and esteem from peers within an artistic discipline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 9 National_Artist_of_the_Philippines CRITERIA Nominations are then submitted to IN National the Artist Secretariat that is created by the National Artist Award Committee; experts from the CHOOSING different art fields then sit on a First Deliberation to NATIONAL prepare the short list of nominees. ARTISTS A Second Deliberation, which is a joint meeting of the Commissioners of the NCCA and the Board of Trustees of the CCP, decides on the final nominees. The list is then forwarded to the President of the Philippines, who, by Presidential Proclamation, proclaims the final nominees as members of the Order of National Artists. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 10 National_Artist_of_the_Philippines CONTROVERS Y IN CHOOSING NATIONAL ARTISTS 11  ▪The rank and title of National Artist, as BENEFIT proclaimed by the President of the S Philippines; ▪ The insignia of a National Artist and a citation; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 12 National_Artist_of_the_Philippines  ▪a cash award of One-Hundred Pesos BENEFIT Thousand (₱100,000.00) net of taxes, for living S awardees; Pesos ▪(₱75,000.00) a cash award net ofoftaxes, Seventy-Five for posthumous Thousand awardees, payable to legal heir/s; ▪a monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits; ▪life insurance coverage for Awardees who are still insurable; ▪a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani; ▪a place of honor, in line with protocolar precedence, at national state functions, and recognition at cultural events; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 13 National_Artist_of_the_Philippines  WINNER ▪S NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATUR E 14 What Have I Learned So Far? Page 43 Enumerate the kinds of literature during precolonial times. 1.What kind of literature flourished during the Spanish period? What purpose did this 2.What is the influence of the Americans in our literature? AMADO V. HERNANDE Z 16 17 AMADO V. ▪Born in 1903, he grew up in HERNANDE Tondo, Manila. He worked as a journalist for several publications Z and was elected Manila councilor in 1945 and 1947. ▪One of his best works is “Mga Ibong Mandaragit,” a socio-political novel that exposes society’s ills as evident in the agrarian problems of the ’50s. AMADO V. HERNANDE He left a legacy that includes Isang Dipang Z Langit (An Arm-Stretch of Sky), Kung Tuyo na ang Luha Mo, Aking Bayan (When Your Tears Have Dried, My Country), Panata sa Kalayaan (Pledge to Freedom), and the novel Luha ng Buwaya (Crocodile Tears). He was posthumously honored as our National Artist for Literature in 1973. Together with poet Jose Garcia Villa, Amado V. Hernandez was the first to receive the title in literature.  A courageous Filipino Was well known on his disapproval of social injustices in the country. He was imprisoned for his participation in the communist movement. He believed that writers play an important role in society, acting as the conscience of society and to affirm the greatness of the human spirit in the face of inequality and oppression. When he was in prison, he wrote stories while he was inside. He was married to another national artist, actress Atang de la Rama JOSE GARCIA VILLA 21 22  ▪Jose Garcia Villa was a Filipino poet, literary critic, JOSE short story writer, and painter. He was awarded the GARCIA National Artist of the Philippines title for literature in 1973, as well as the Guggenheim Fellowship in VILLA creative writing by Conrad Aiken. ▪He is known to have introduced the "reversed consonance rhyme scheme" in writing poetry, as well as the extensive use of punctuation marks— especially commas, which made him known as the Comma Poet.  ▪He used the penname Doveglion (derived from JOSE "Dove, Eagle, Lion"), based on the characters he GARCI derived from himself. These animals were also explored by another poet e.e. cummings in A Doveglion, Adventures in Value, a poem dedicated to VILLA Villa. ▪His popular poems include When I Was No Bigger Than A Huge, an example of his "comma poems", and The Emperor's New Sonnet (a part of Have Come, Am Here) which is basically a blank sheet of paper.  ▪He was known to be one of the harshest critics of JOSE Filipino poetry in English in his time, and has angered many of those who received his critiques. And I GARCI wouldn’t exactly blame the subjects of his critiques for their reactions. A VILLA ▪In one essay, he wrote that there wasn’t anyone who was educated enough in poetry in the Philippines. The country, according to him, was “deluged with poet- simpletons—triflers in verse, poets without crania—the producers of featherweight poetry.” ▪CRANIA – SKULL, DELUGED- OVERWHELMED https://books.knoji.com/the-emperors-new-sonnet-by-jose-garcia-villa-an- analysis/  In the 20th century, he was considered a powerful literary influence in the country. -Many find his personality and writing style “eccentric” because he uses comma in every word. He described this style as similar to Seurat’s architectonic and measured pointillism. -Pointillism is a painting technique in which an artist uses a small, distinct dot of pure color to create an image. ECCENTRIC- unconventional and slightly strange Pointillism, also called divisionism and chromo- luminarism, in painting, the practice of applying small strokes or dots of colour to a surface so that from a distance they visually blend together. 28  ▪If you are a punctuation mark, which QUESTION one ! w ould you be? Why ? 29 THE Is all about the shy little punctuation mark (comma) BASHFUL ONE THE EMPEROR’S NEW SONNET THE -alludes to the popular children’s story The Emperor’s New Clothes, which was written by Hans Christian EMPEROR’S Anderson. NEW - The story is an attack on snobbery and pretension, SONNET and makes fun of people who do not have their own say on what is beautiful and tend to rely on other people’s judgments before making their own. - It tells its readers that sometimes, we need to view things as innocent as a child would so that we could plainly see what true beauty is, free from all social conditioning that often warps their perspective on things. Other poems of Jose Garcia Work of e.e cummings 29 Beyond Walls 6.2 Read and Answer page 47 Comma poems were invented and popularized by Jose Garcia Villa, described by poet Richard Eberhart as "enlivening, it is a trick that refreshes." Here is a sample (first column) of a comma poem of Jose Garcia Villa. In the second column, commas were taken out of the same poem. Question: Is your reading of the same poem different? Compare your reading experience of the comma version with the non-comma version. NICK JOAQUÍN 35 36 NICK Nicomedes Joaquin, (born May 4, 1917, Paco, Manila, Phil.—died April 29, 2004, San Juan, JOAQUÍN Phil.), Filipino novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, and biographer whose works present the diverse heritage of the Filipino people. Starting as a proofreader for the Philippines Free Press, Joaquin rose to contributing editor and essayist under the nom de plume “Quijano de Manila” (“Manila Old-Timer”). nom de plume - an assumed name NICK JOAQUÍN ▪Nick’s short stories and novels are required reading in high school. His most famous short story “May Day Eve,” a haunting tale about a young girl fated to a doomed marriage, remains foremost in the minds of Filipino readers. ▪He was also known as Quijano de Manila, an anagram of his family name.  he was considered as the “people’s writer” because he writing embraced being a “Filipino”. He worked as a journalist most of his life and published it in Sunday Tribune magazine. CARLOS P. ROMULO 40 41  Carlos P. Romulo, in full Carlos Peña CARLOS Romulo, Philippine general, diplomat, and journalist known for his activities on behalf of the Allies during P. World War II and his later work with the United Nations. ROMULO In 1941, Romulo won the Pulitzer Prize for Peace for his pre-war evaluations of the military situation in the Pacific area. He returned to the Philippines with U.S. forces in 1945. Romulo was president of the General Assembly of the UN (1949–50) and in 1950 became secretary of foreign affairs of the Philippines.  Standing only "5’4” in his shoes, Romulo often made fun of his height. His book I Walked With Heroes opens with the anecdote about being the newly elected CARLOS president of the United Nations—the first Asian to ever hold the post—and having to be “perched atop three P. thick New York City telephone books” just to see and be seen by all the delegates below the podium. ROMULO I Am a Filipino, Romulo’s most famous literary work, sheds light on national identity through an examination of the Filipino’s fervent dream for freedom from colonial rule.  was an envoy, statesman, soldier, correspondent, writer and founder of the Boy Scout of the Philippines. He was already a reporter at a young age of 16 and a publisher at the age of 32. He was the only Asian awarded in Pulitzer Prize in Journalism for series of articles he forecasted during WW2. He was in service of the United Nations and the Philippine Government. The Pulitzer Prize is regarded as the highest national honor in print journalism, literary achievement, and musical composition. What Have I Learned So Far? 1. What organization did Carlos P. Romulo found? 2. Aside from writing, what other careers did Carlos P. Romulo hold? 3. How is one's career influential in writing? FRANCISCO ARCELLAN A 46 47  He is considered an important progenitor of the modern Filipino short story in English. Arcellana pioneered the development of the short FRANCISCO story as a lyrical prose-poetic form within Filipino literature. His works are now often taught in tertiary- level-syllabi in the Philippines. ARCELLAN Many of his works were translated into A Tagalog, Malaysian, Russian, Italian, and German. Arcellana won 2nd place in the 1951 Don Carlos Memorial Awards for Literature, with his short story, Palanca "The Flowers of May." ROLANDO S. TINIO 41  Rolando Tinio is a Philippine National Artist for Theater and Literature. He was an active participant in the Filipino movie industry and enjoyed working with Philippine celebrities who he himself had admired in his ROLANDO childhood. S. TINIO Tinio graduated with honors (a "magna cum laude" achiever) with a degree in Philosophy from the Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas at age 18 in 1955 and an M.F.A. degree in Creative Writing:Poetry from the State University of Iowa.  Tinio published an article in the scholarly journal Philippine Studies, which contained parts of English poems translated into Tagalog. The article’s purpose was to prove the inadequacy of Tagalog as the writer’s medium. ROLANDO (Lumbera) S. TINIO In the mid-1960s, however, Tinio decided to try writing in Tagalog and the product of this trial was the collection of poems now called Bagay. Rolando Tinio was the sole inventor of “Taglish” in Philippine poetry. Through this, he gave an authentic tone to the poetry of the native middle-class Filipino. He died in 1997 and w as posthumously conferred the title of National Artist a few months later.  ▪Poetry collections ▪"Sitsit sa Kuliglig" (Whistling at Cicadas) or (Shusshing Cicadas) (1972) ▪"Dunung-Dunungan" (Pedantry) (1975) ROLANDO ▪"Kristal na Uniberso" (Crystal Universe) (1989) ▪"Trick of Mirrors" (1993) S. TINIO ▪"Ang Burgis sa Kanyang Almusal"(1970) ▪Translated plays ▪"Laruang Kristal" (The Glass Menagerie) (1966) ▪"Pahimakas sa Isang Ahente" (Death of a Salesman) (1966) ▪"Paghihintay Kay Godo" (Waiting for Godot) (1967) ▪"Miss Julie" (1967) ▪"Rama Hari" (Rama, King) (1980) N.V.M GONZALE Z 54 55  Néstor Vicente Madali González (September 8, 1915 – November 28, 1999) was a Filipino novelist, short story writer, essayist and poet. Conferred as the National Artist of the Philippines for Literature in 1997. N.V.M GONZALE González college at unable Z University attended (Manila) but undergraduate degree.heWhile inwas Manila, González wrotetofor National the Philippine Graphic and later edited for the Evening News Magazine and Manila Chronicle. Gonzalez failed finish his University his of the Philippines entrance examination, but in 1949 he became the first to teach college courses there without holding a degree.  He received a scholarship that made him study in Stanford University and Columbia University. He was a poet, short story writer, essayist and a professor who received numerous recognitions. His works have been translated and published in many languages.  ▪Novels ▪The Winds of April (1941) ▪A Season of Grace (1956) ▪The Bamboo Dancers (1988) ▪The Land And The Rain ▪The Happiest Boy in The N.V.M World GONZALE ▪Short fiction Z ▪"The Tomato Game".1992 ▪A Grammar of Dreams and Other Stories. University of the Philippines Press, 1997 ▪The Bread of Salt and Other Stories. ▪Essays ▪A Novel of Justice: Selected Essays 1968– 1994. ▪Work on the Mountain EDITH TIEMP O 49  ▪Edith L. Tiempo, poet, fiction writer, teacher and EDITH literary critic is one of the finest Filipino Writers in TIEMP English whose works are characterized by a remarkable fusion of style and substance, of craftsmanship and O insight. Her poems are intricate verbal transfigurations of significant experiences as revealed, in two of her much anthologized pieces, "Lament for the Littlest Fellow" and "Bonsai." EDITH TIEMP ▪As fictionist, Tiempo is as morally profound. Her O language has been marked as "descriptive but unburdened by scrupulous detailing." She is influential tradition in Philippine literature in an English. ▪She was conferred the National Artist Award for Literature in 1999.  her work has remarkable fusion of style and substance. She received many awards during her lifetime. Together with her husband, they founded Siliman University National Writers Workshop. This is the longest running writer’s workshop that helps emerging writers cultivate their craft in Dumaguete, Philippines. What Have I Learned So Far? 1. Enumerate some of Edith Tiempo's notable works. 2. What writers workshop did Edith Tiempo found? From what writers workshop did they pattern this after? F. SIONIL JOSE 64 65  ▪Francisco Sionil José (born 3 December 1924) is F. one of the most widely read Filipino writers in the SIONIL English language. ▪His novels and short stories depict the social JOSE underpinnings of class struggles and colonialism in Filipino society. ▪José's works—written in English—have been translated into 28 languages, including Korean, Indonesian, Czech, Russian, Latvian, Ukrainian and Dutch.  ▪José F. attended the University of Santo Tomas after World War II, but dropped out and SIONIL plunged into writing and journalism in Manila. In subsequent years, he edited various literary and JOSE journalistic publications, started a publishing house, and founded the Philippine branch of PEN, an international organization for writers.  ▪Sionil José also owns Solidaridad Bookshop, which is F. on Padre Faura Street in Ermita, Manila. The bookshop SIONIL offers mostly hard-to-find books and Filipiniana reading materials. It is said to be one of the favorite haunts of JOSE many local writers. Works of F. SIONIL JOSE Beyond Walls 6.1 Go Online page 46 F. Sionil Jose has a weekly column in The Philippine Star entitled Hindsight. In his 13 November 2013 column, "To the Young Writer," F. Sionil Jose shares with his readers an interview session he had with student journalists. Go to http://www.philstar.com/ sunday-life/2013/11/03/1252225/young- writer and write the top five nuggets of wisdom that F. Sionil Jose told aspiring writers. VIRGILIO S. ALMARI O 71 72 VIRGILIO VirgilioS. Almario (born March 9, 1944), better known by his pen name Rio Alma, is a Filipino S. artist, poet, critic, translator, editor, teacher, and cultural manager. ALMARI O He is a National Artist of the Philippines and currently serves as the chairman of the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF), the government agency mandated to promote and standardize the use of the Filipino language. On January 5, 2017, Almario was also elected as the chairman of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. VIRGILIO Almario was also the proponent of changing the official name of the Philippines into S. Filipinas. ALMARI O ALEJANDRO ROCES 75 76 ALEJANDR Alejandro Reyes Roces (13 July 1924 – 23 May 2011) was a Filipino author, essayist, dramatist O ROCES and a National Artist of the Philippines for literature. He served as Secretary of Education from 1961 to 1965, during the term of Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal. In 2001, Roces was appointed as Chairman of the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB). Roces also became a member of the Board of Trustees of GSIS (Government Service Insurance System) and maintained a column in the Philippine Star called Roses and Thorns. BIENVENID O LUMBERA 78 79 BIENVENID Bienvenido Lumbera is a Filipino poet, critic O and dramatist. He is a National Artist of the Philippines and a recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for LUMBERA Journalism, Literature and Creative Communications. He numerous literary awards, including the National Book won Awards from the National Book Foundation, and the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards. Lumbera is now widely acknowledged as one of the pillars of contemporary Philippine literature, cultural studies and film, having written and edited numerous books on literary history, literary criticism, and film. Bienvenido Lumbera was proclaimed National Artist in April 2006. LÁZARO FRANCISC O 68 LÁZARO Lazaro A. Francisco (February 22, 1898 – June 17, FRANCISC 1980) was a Filipino novelist, essayist and playwright. Francisco is the recipient of the National Artist of the O Philippines for Literature, posthumously, in 2009. He spent his years in Cabanatuan, childhood Ecija. Nueva education at the Central He Luzon Agricultural took College college (now Central Luzon StatehisUniversity), but was not able to finish due to poverty. LÁZARO In 1958, he established the Kapatiran ng mga FRANCISC Alagad ng Wikang Pilipino, roughly translated as "Brotherhood of the Disciples of the Filipino O Language", a society that campaigned the use of Tagalog as the national language of the Philippines. He received other distinguished awards and accolades in literature in his lifetime, including the Balagtas Award (1969), the Republic Cultural Heritage Award (1970) and the Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award from the government of Manila. MAJOR WORK S CIRILO F. BAUTIST A 85 86  ▪Cirilo F. Bautista (July 9, 1941 – May 6, 2018) was a CIRILO F. Filipino poet, critic and writer of nonfiction. He was BAUTIST conferred with the National Artist of the Philippines award in 2014. A ▪ He received his degrees in AB Literature from the University of Santo Tomas (magna cum laude, 1963), MA Literature from St. Louis University, Baguio (magna cum laude, 1968), and Doctor of Arts in Language and Literature from De La Salle University-Manila(1990). He received a fellowship to attend the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa (1968–1969).  ▪His poems have appeared in major literary journals, papers, CIRILO F. and magazines in the Philippines and in BAUTIST anthologies published the in Netherlands, the United China, States, Romania Japan, Hong A Kong, Germany and Malaysia. , ▪These include: excerpts from Sunlight on Broken Stones, published in World Literature Today, USA, Spring 2000; What Rizal Told Me(poem), published in Manoa, University of Hawaii, 1997; She of the Quick Hands: My Daughter and The Seagull (poems), published in English Teacher’s Portfolio of Multicultural Activities, edited by John Cowen (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996). highly praised poet, fictionist and essayist. He is also a Palanca Hall of Famer, winning countless awards and honors, including the National Book Awards, Gawad Jose Corazon de Jesus, and Gawad CCP para sa Sining. In 1998, he was the winner of Philippine Centennial Prize for Epic Poetry. Carlos L. Quirino 68  - Most talented biographers of his time. Carlos L. - The first Filipino to be recognized as the Quirino National Artist in Historical Literature in 1997 - From University of Wisconsin at Madison in 1931 - Wrote: Man in Destiny (1935) , about the 2nd President Manuel L. Quezon. - Spent some of his years working as an assistant of President Elpidio Quirino, who helped him study Law until he passed the bar in 1940. As president, Quezon intensified his efforts to protect and secure the independence of the Philippines from the United States. He was a dynamic Filipino leader and a friend of the poor and the oppressed whom he loved and cared for so well. (1935-1944) Beyond Walls 6.3 Apply It in Real Life You are a literary scholar. As part of your thesis, you are to research about the contribution of three national artists for literature of your choice. Write a 500-word paper that examines the kind of writing and the contribution of these artists. Try to examine also what these national artists share in common. Your paper should be accurate, based on facts, and written in accordance with correct language and mechanics. The comma functions as a tool to indicate to readers a certain separation of words, phrases, or ideas in order to prevent misreading the writer's intended meaning. When a sentence is spoken aloud, a comma often represents a pause, which in verbal conversation functions to clarify meaning.