OCR English Civil War PDF

UNIT 5 ENGLISH CIVIL WAR STUART DYNASTY English government Constitutional Monarchy Parliament: made laws and approved taxation The Stuart dynasty takes over James I believes in absolute authority Wanted to rule without Parliament’s supervision STUART DYNASTY...

UNIT 5 ENGLISH CIVIL WAR STUART DYNASTY English government Constitutional Monarchy Parliament: made laws and approved taxation The Stuart dynasty takes over James I believes in absolute authority Wanted to rule without Parliament’s supervision STUART DYNASTY Charles I Son of King James I Significantly more tyrannical than James Parliament gives the Petition of Right Made in order restrict king’s authority Charles signs it but refuses to honor it Because Charles viewed his kingship as being above the law STUART DYNASTY Charles dissolves Parliament for 11 years Known as Eleven Years Tyranny Parliament is instated again And tries to pass laws that restrict kings Charles attempts to arrest the members Starts the English Civil War King’s supporters vs Parliament supporters CIVIL WAR Cavaliers Royalist faction Typically wealthier nobles Roundheads Parliamentary faction New Model Army was their military Mostly made up of Puritans CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell A general in the New Model Army Helps defeat the Cavaliers Charles I surrenders to the Roundheads Executed for treason Killing a monarch was controversial The idea that the king was God’s deputy Cromwell pushes for the THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE PROTECTORATE Parliament abolishes the Settlement of 1652 monarchy Made Catholics not real citizens Establishes the Banned Catholics ifrom political Commonwealth office Which was a republic Dispossessed Catholics of Cromwell is given military property command Irish shipped to the Caribbean To fight Irish rebels who had Some voluntarily as indentured taken over Others as prison laborers Re-conquest of Ireland Seen as inferior due to being Cromwell brutally puts down Catholic rebellion THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE PROTECTORATE The Commonwealth becomes the Protectorate After Cromwell and the New Model Army dissolves Parliament Cromwell becomes Lord Protector The head of state Military dictatorship Has all the powers the king used to have RESTORATION OF THE MONARCHY Protectorate was not popular Only persisted with military intimidation Banned theater, sports, gambling And Christmas and Easter feasts Cromwell dies Parliament invites Charles’ son back Reinstates the monarchy with Charles II RESTORATION OF THE MONARCHY Charles II is popular Has good relations with Parliament Reinstates Anglicanism James II takes over after Charles’ death James is Catholic Wants to rule with divine right James II is unpopular with Parliament Has rebels executed GLORIOUS REVOLUTION English lords want to depose James II They want William of Orange to invade Who is the ruler of Dutch Republic Glorious Revolution William and Mary invade Britain James II flees the country No blood is shed in the transition GLORIOUS REVOLUTION English Bill of Rights Ratified by William and Mary Limited the power of the monarchy Guaranteed rights for Parliament England becomes a limited, constitutional monarchy Both the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution are fought over the issue of absolute monarchy