The Muscular System PDF

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky The Muscular System Part D 10 Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2004 Pearson Ed...

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky The Muscular System Part D 10 Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints ▪ Most anterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee ▪ Posterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh extend the thigh and flex the leg ▪ The medial compartment muscles all adduct the thigh ▪ These three groups are enclosed by the fascia lata Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Flexion and Extension ▪ The ball-and-socket hip joint permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation ▪ The most important thigh flexors are the tensor fasciae latae and rectus femoris ▪ The medially located adductor muscles and sartorius assist in thigh flexion Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Flexion and Extension ▪ Thigh extension is primarily effected by the hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus) ▪ Forceful extension is aided by the gluteus maximus Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Flexion and Extension Figure 10.19a Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Other Movements ▪ Abduction and rotation are effected by the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus ▪ Thigh adduction is the role of five adductor muscles (adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis; the pectineus, and the gracilis) Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Other Movements Figure 10.20a Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Movements of the Knee Joint ▪ The sole extensor of the knee is the quadriceps femoris ▪ The hamstring muscles flex the knee, and are antagonists to the quadriceps femoris Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.19a  Muscles of the Anterior Compartment ▪ These muscles are the primary toe extensors and ankle dorsiflexors ▪ They include the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus Figure 10.21a Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Muscles of the Anterior Compartment Figure 10.21b-d Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Muscles of the Lateral Compartment ▪ These muscles plantar flex and evert the foot ▪ They include the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.22a  Muscles of the Lateral Compartment Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.22b, c  Muscles of the Posterior Compartment ▪ These muscles primarily flex the foot and the toes ▪ They include the gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.23a  Muscles of the Posterior Compartment Figure 10.23b, c Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Muscles of the Posterior Compartment Figure 10.23d-f Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Muscle Actions of the Thigh: Summary ▪ Thigh muscles: ▪ Flex and extend the thigh (posterior compartment) ▪ Extend the leg (anterior compartment) ▪ Adduct the thigh (medial compartment) Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings