Muscles of the Upper Extremities and Back PDF

***Muscles of the Upper Extremities and Back*** +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | ***Muscles | | | | | | of the Back | | | | | | (5)*** | |...

***Muscles of the Upper Extremities and Back*** +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | ***Muscles | | | | | | of the Back | | | | | | (5)*** | | | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | ***Muscle** | ***Origin** | ***Insertio | ***Action** | ***Innervat | | * | * | n*** | * | ion*** | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Trapezius | **Skull, | **([SAC]{.u | **ADduction | **(CN XI) | | ** | CV, TV** | nderline}) | , | Accessory | | | | Spine of | Elevation, | Nerve** | | | | the | and | | | | | Scapula, | Depression | | | | | Acromion,** | of the | | | | | | Scapula** | | | | | **Clavicle* | | | | | | * | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Latissimu | **TV, LV, | **Intertube | **ADduction | **Thoracodo | | s | Sacrum, | rcular | , | rsal | | Dorsi** | Iliac | Groove of | Extension, | Nerve** | | | Crest** | the | and Medial | | | | | Humerus** | Rotation of | | | | | | the Arm** | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Levator | **C1-C4** | **Medial | **Elevation | **Cervical | | Scapula** | | Border of | of the | Spinal | | | | the | Scapula** | Nerves C3 + | | | | Scapula, | | C4 + (CN | | | | [ABOVE]{.un | | XI) | | | | derline} | | Accessory | | | | the level | | Nerve** | | | | of the | | | | | | Scapular | | | | | | Spine** | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Rhomboid | **C7 & T1** | **Medial | **ADduction | **Dorsal | | Minor** | | Border of | of the | Scapular | | | | the | Scapula** | Nerve** | | | | Scapula, | | | | | | [AT]{.under | | | | | | line} | | | | | | the level | | | | | | of the | | | | | | Scapular | | | | | | Spine** | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Rhomboid | **T2-T5** | **Medial | **ADduction | **Dorsal | | Major** | | Border of | of the | Scapular | | | | the | Scapula** | Nerve** | | | | Scapula, | | | | | | [BELOW]{.un | | | | | | derline} | | | | | | the level | | | | | | of the | | | | | | Scapular | | | | | | Spine** | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ **[Helpful Tips and Mnemonics]** - **Trapezius Insertion ([SAC])** - **[S] = Spine of Scapula** - **[A] = Acromion** - **[C] = Clavicle** - **Levator Scapula and Pectoralis Minor are "[ANTAGONISTIC]"** - **Levator Scapula [ELEVATES] the Scapula** - **Pectoralis Major [DEPRESSES] the Scapula** - **Rhomboid Minor and Rhomboid Major are "[SYNERGISTS]"** - **Both [ADduct] the Scapula** - **Remember the Deltoid is the "Jock" Muscle it can do everything besides [add]** - **Add meaning [ADduct]** - **Rhomboid Minor and Rhomboid Major share the same Innervation** - **Both are Innervated by the [Dorsal Scapular Nerve]** - **Trapezius and Levator Scapula share a Partial Innervation** - **Both are Innervated by [(CN XI) Accessory Nerve]** +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | ***Muscles | | | | | | of the | | | | | | Chest | | | | | | (3)*** | | | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | ***Muscle** | ***Origin** | ***Insertio | ***Action** | ***Innervat | | * | * | n*** | * | ion*** | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Pectorali | **(Clavicul | **Crest of | **ADduction | **Medial | | s | ar | the Greater | , | Pectoral | | Major** | Part)- | Tubercle of | Medial | Nerve + | | | Medial Half | the | Rotation, | Lateral | | | of the | Humerus** | and Flexion | Pectoral | | | Clavicle** | | of the Arm | Nerve** | | | | | at the | | | | **(Sternoco | | Shoulder | | | | stal | | Joint** | | | | Part)- | | | | | | Sternum and | | | | | | the Costal | | | | | | Cartilage | | | | | | of Ribs | | | | | | 1-6** | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Pectorali | **Ribs | **Coracoid | **Depressio | **Medial | | s | 2-5** | Process of | n | Pectoral | | Minor** | | the | of the | Nerve** | | | | Scapula** | Scapula** | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Serratus | **Ribs | **Medial | **Upward | **Long | | Anterior** | 1-8** | Border of | Rotation of | Thoracic | | | | the Scapula | the | Nerve** | | | | on the | Inferior | | | | | [Anterior | Angle of | | | | | Side]{.unde | the | | | | | rline}** | Scapula** | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ **[Helpful Tips and Mnemonics]** - **Serratus Anterior is pronounced "Sir-[ATE]-tis" which sounds like the number "8"** - **Serratus Anterior originates on Ribs [1-8]** - **"[MAJORS]" inserts into "[CRESTS]"** - **Pectoralis [MAJOR] inserts into the [CREST] of the Greater Tubercle of the Humerus** - **Levator Scapula and Pectoralis Minor are "[ANTAGONISTIC]"** - **Levator Scapula [ELEVATES] the Scapula** - **Pectoralis Major [DEPRESSES] the Scapula** - **Pectoralis Major and Pectoralis Minor share a Partial Innervation** - **Pectoralis Major and Pectoralis Minor are both innervated by the [MEDIAL PECTORAL NERVE]** +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | ***Muscles | | | | | | of the | | | | | | Shoulder | | | | | | (6)*** | | | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | ***Muscle** | ***Origin** | ***Insertio | ***Action** | ***Innervat | | * | * | n*** | * | ion*** | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Deltoid** | **([SAC]{.u | **Deltoid | **Flexion, | **Axillary | | | nderline}) | Tuberosity | Extension, | Nerve** | | | Spine of | of the | ABduction, | | | | the | Humerus** | Medial | | | | Scapula, | | Rotation, | | | | Acromion,** | | and Lateral | | | | | | Rotation of | | | | **Clavicle* | | the Arm at | | | | * | | the | | | | | | Shoulder | | | | | | Joint** | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Supraspin | **Supraspin | **Greater | **ABduction | **Suprascap | | atus | ous | Tubercle of | of the Arm | ular | | ([Rotator | Fossa of | the | at the | Nerve** | | Cuff | the | Humerus** | Shoulder | | | Muscle]{.un | Scapula** | | Joint** | | | derline})** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Infraspin | **Infraspin | **Greater | **Lateral | **Suprascap | | atus | ous | Tubercle of | Rotation of | ular | | ([Rotator | Fossa of | the | the Arm at | Nerve** | | Cuff | the | Humerus** | the | | | Muscle]{.un | Scapula** | | Shoulder | | | derline})** | | | Joint** | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Teres | **Lateral | **Greater | **Lateral | **Axillary | | Minor** | Border of | Tubercle of | Rotation of | Nerve** | | | the | the | the Arm at | | | **([Rotator | Infraspinou | Humerus** | the | | | Cuff | s | | Shoulder | | | Muscle]{.un | Fossa of | | Joint** | | | derline})** | the | | | | | | Scapula** | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Subscapul | **Subscapul | **Lesser | **Medial | **Upper | | aris** | ar | Tubercle of | Rotation of | Subscapular | | | Fossa of | the | the Arm at | Nerve + | | **([Rotator | the | Humerus** | the | Lower | | Cuff | Scapula** | | Shoulder | Subscapular | | Muscle]{.un | | | Joint** | Nerves** | | derline})** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Teres | **Inferior | **Crest of | **ADduction | **Lower | | Major** | Angle of | the Lesser | and Medial | Subscapular | | | the | Tubercle of | Rotation of | Nerve** | | | Infraspinou | the | the Arm at | | | | s | Humerus** | the | | | | Fossa of | | Shoulder | | | | the | | Joint** | | | | Scapula** | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ **[Helpful Tips and Mnemonics]** - **Use *[SITS]* to remember the Muscles of the Rotator Cuff** - **[S] = Supraspinatus** - **[I] = Infraspinatus** - **[T] = Teres Minor** - **[S] = Subscapularis** - **Remember [SIT] Inserts onto the Greater Tubercle of the Humerus** - **"You can [SIT] on the Greater Tubercle, but you cannot SITS on it"** - **Deltoid Insertion ([SAC])** - **[S] = Spine of the Scapula** - **[A] = Acromion** - **[C] = Clavicle** - **Think of "[Lateral]" when thinking of Teres Minor** - **Teres Minor Originates at the [LATERAL] Border of the Infraspinous Fossa** - **Teres Minor [LATERALLY] Rotates the Arm** - **[MAJORS]" inserts into "[CRESTS]"** - **Teres [MAJOR] inserts into the [CREST] of the Lesser Tubercle of the Humerus** - **Subscapularis is the [ONLY] Muscle that inserts on the [LESSER TUBERCLE] of the Humerus** - **Infraspinatus and Teres Minor are "[SYNERGISTS]"** - **Both [Laterally Rotate] the Arm** - **Deltoid and Teres Minor share the same Innervation** - **Both are Innervated by the [Axillary Nerve]** - **Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus share the same Innervation** - **Both are Innervated by the [Suprascapular Nerve]** - **Teres Major and Subscapularis share a Partial Innervation** - **Teres Major and Subscapularis are both Innervated by the [LOWER SUBSCAPULAR NERVE]** +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | ***Muscles | | | | | | of the Arm | | | | | | (4)*** | | | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | ***Muscle** | ***Origin** | ***Insertio | ***Action** | ***Innervat | | * | * | n*** | * | ion*** | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Biceps | **(Short | **Radial | **Flexion | **Musculocu | | Brachii** | Head) | Tuberosity* | and | taneous | | | -Coracoid | * | Supination | Nerve** | | | Process of | | of the | | | | the | | Forearm** | | | | Scapula** | | | | | | | | | | | | **(Long | | | | | | Head) | | | | | | -Supragleno | | | | | | id | | | | | | Tubercle of | | | | | | the Glenoid | | | | | | Process** | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Brachiali | **Lower | **Coronoid | **Flexion | **Musculocu | | s** | Anterior | Process of | of the | taneous | | | surface of | the Ulna** | Forearm** | Nerve** | | | the | | | | | | Humerus** | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Triceps | **(Long | **Olecranon | **Extension | **Radial | | Brachii** | Head) - | Process of | of the | Nerve** | | | Infraglenoi | the Ulna** | Forearm** | | | | d | | | | | | Tubercle of | | | | | | the Glenoid | | | | | | Process** | | | | | | | | | | | | **(Medial | | | | | | Head) - | | | | | | Below the | | | | | | Radial | | | | | | Groove of | | | | | | the | | | | | | Humerus** | | | | | | | | | | | | **(Lateral | | | | | | Head) - | | | | | | Above the | | | | | | Radial | | | | | | Groove of | | | | | | the | | | | | | Humerus** | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Coracobra | **Coracoid | **Middle | **Flexion | **Musculocu | | chialis** | Process of | Medial | of the | taneous | | | the | surface of | Arm** | Nerve** | | | Scapula** | the | | | | | | Humerus** | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ **[Helpful Tips and Mnemonics]** - **Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, and Coracobrachialis all [Flex]** - **Biceps Brachii and Brachialis [Flexes the Forearm]** - **Coracobrachialis [Flexes the Arm]** - **Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, and Coracobrachialis share the same Innervation** - **All are Innervated by the [Musculocutaneous Nerve]** ------------------------------ ***Muscles of the Forearm*** ------------------------------ ***Anterior Superior Forearm (4)*** ------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ***Muscle*** ***Action*** ***Innervation*** **Pronator Teres** **Pronation of the Forearm** **Median Nerve** **Flexor Carpi Radialis** **Flexion and ABduction of the Wrist** **Median Nerve** **Flexor Carpi Ulnaris** **Flexion and ADduction of the Wrist** **Ulnar Nerve** **Palmaris Longus** **Flexion of the Wrist** **Median Nerve** ***Anterior Intermediate Forearm (1)*** ----------------------------------------- --------------------------- ------------------- ***Muscle*** ***Action*** ***Innervation*** **Flexor Digitorum Superficialis** **Flexion of Digits 2-5** **Median Nerve** ***Anterior Deep Forearm (3)*** --------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------- ***Muscle*** ***Action*** ***Innervation*** **Flexor Digitorum Profundus** **Flexion of Digits 2-5** **Median Nerve + Ulnar Nerve** **Flexor Pollicis Longus** **Flexion of the Thumb** **Median Nerve** **Pronator Quadratus** **Pronation of the Forearm** **Median Nerve** ***Posterior Superficial Forearm (7)*** ----------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------- ***Muscle*** ***Action*** ***Innervation*** **Brachioradialis** **Flexion of the Forearm** **Radial Nerve** **Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus** **Extension and ABduction of the Wrist** **Radial Nerve** **Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis** **Extension and ABduction of the Wrist** **Radial Nerve** **Extensor Digitorum** **Extension of Digits 2-5** **Radial Nerve** **Extensor Digiti Minimi** **Extension of Digit 5** **Radial Nerve** **Extensor Carpi Ulnaris** **Extension and ADduction of the Wrist** **Radial Nerve** **Anconeus** **Extension of the Forearm** **Radial Nerve** ***Posterior Deep Forearm (5)*** ---------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------- ***Muscle*** ***Action*** ***Innervation*** **Supinator** **Supination of the Forearm** **Radial Nerve** **Abductor Pollicis Longus** **ABduction of the Thumb** **Radial Nerve** **Extensor Pollicis Longus** **Extension of the Thumb** **Radial Nerve** **Extensor Pollicis Brevis** **Extension of the Thumb** **Radial Nerve** **Extensor Indicis** **Extension of Digit 2** **Radial Nerve** **[Helpful Tips and Mnemonics]** - **Remember the "Zip code" of the Forearm ""** - **The name of the Muscle can often indicate the Action it performs** - **Ex: [Flexor] [Carpi] [Radialis] \[Action: Flexes and ABducts the Wrist\]** - **[Flexor] = Flexion** - **[Carpi] = Wrist** - **[Radialis] = ABduction** - **Ex: [Extensor] [Carpi] [Ulnaris] \[Action: Extends and ADducts the Wrist\]** - **[Extensor] = Extension** - **[Carpi] = Wrist** - **[Ulnaris] = ADduction** - **All of the Muscles of the Anterior Forearm are Innervated by the [Median Nerve] with 2 exceptions** - **1) Flexor Digitorum Profundus is also Partially Innervated by the Ulnar Nerve** - **2) Flexor Carpi Ulnaris is only Innervated by the Ulnar Nerve** - **All of the Muscles of the Posterior Forearm are innervated by the [Radial Nerve]** --------------------------- ***Muscles of the Hand*** --------------------------- ***Thenar Muscles (4)*** -------------------------------- ***Muscle*** ***Abductor Pollicis Brevis*** ***Flexor Pollicis Brevis*** ***Opponens Pollicis*** ***Adductor Pollicis*** ***Hypothenar Muscles (4)*** ------------------------------ ***Muscle*** ***Abductor Digiti Minimi*** ***Flexor Digiti Minimi*** ***Opponens Digiti Minimi*** ***Palmaris Brevis*** ***Small Hand Muscles (3)*** ------------------------------- ***Muscle*** ***Lumbricals (1-4)*** ***Palmar Interossei (1-3)*** ***Dorsal Interossei (1-4)*** **[Helpful Tips and Mnemonics]** - **For the Thenar Muscles and Hypothenar Muscles remember** - **[Abductor]: Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Abductor Digiti Minimi** - **[Flexor]: Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Digiti Minimi** - **[Opponens]: Opponens Pollicis, Opponens Digiti Minimi** - **The Small Hand Muscles are listed Palmar/Anterior to Dorsal/Posterior** - **[Lumbricals] = Most Palmar/Anterior** - **[Dorsal Interossei] = Most Dorsal/Posterior**