MUSC Final Exam Review Sheet PDF

MUSC FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET 4 Bonus Questions What was Sam Dunn's first film? → Metal: A headbanger's journey What was the first Chinese metal band? → Tang Dynasty In addition to Ska, what other two genres have the same horn section? → Ska, funk, and afro-beat What...

MUSC FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET 4 Bonus Questions What was Sam Dunn's first film? → Metal: A headbanger's journey What was the first Chinese metal band? → Tang Dynasty In addition to Ska, what other two genres have the same horn section? → Ska, funk, and afro-beat What identity do the roots of ska, reggaeton, british punk, hip hop, heavy metal, jazz, and folk music all have in common? → Working class origins Punk Know these genres: ○ Punk → a musical genre that embraces a DIY, back-to-basics approach to rock music; a cultural style or attitude defined by rebellion against authority and deliberate rejection of middle-class values ○ HarDCore → a combustible mixture of white teenage male angst and frustrated energy ; version of punk that was invented in DC ; first punk band = Ramones ; harder, louder and faster version of punk Know these subjects ○ Differences between British punk and U.S. punk British punk → mostly comprised of white, working-class youth; became more politically focused and less artsy than the U.S.; drew from a variety of style of rock U.S. punk → basis in creative and economic resistance; DIY culture (fanzines, posters, mixtapes, indie labels, underground clubs, college radio) ○ DIY culture → creative & economic resistance (underground clubs, home recording technology, mixtapes, indie labels, college radio, fanzines, posters) ○ Straight Edge → began a movement about living a “clean” lifestyle Fed up with people showing up just for violence Against casual sex ○ Riot Grrrl → grassroots feminist movement of young women that focused on creative production, translocal: DC and Washington state; put female artists in positions of power; challenged popular notions of femininity; in popular media: deeper issues, messages and purposes were misunderstood, were labeled as aggressive Know these artists and songs ○ The Sex Pistols, ”Anarchy in the U.K.”  First band to give punk a british identity, created by Malcolm McLaren Praising antiChrist and nihilism Protesting the british monarchy and class system ○ X-Ray Spex, “Oh, Bondage (Up Yours!)” Gave punk a feminist voice Targets: patriarchy, identity, capitalism, sexism, racism, environmental ruin, punk itself ○ Ian MacKaye Teen idles, 1979 Minor threat, 1980 Straight edge: began a movement about living a “clean” lifestyle Dischord Records, 1980 Fugazi, 1987 ○ Kathleen Hanna Activist, feminist, musician, artist Inspired by Gloria Steinem Spoken word artist, then singer Targeted sexism and violence against women ○ Minor Threat, “Straight Edge” American hardcore punk band, formed in 1980 in Washington, D.C. by vocalist ian MacKaye and drummer Jeff Nelson Pioneered a new movement, one without drugs, alcool, sex ○ Bikini Kill, “Rebel Girl” “Girl” being used as a means of cultural resistance Men could be in the same room, but never dominate the room Sample questions: name three components of DIY culture → mixtapes, indie labels, fanzines, college radio, homemade concert poster, underground venues, lo-fi production Hip-Hop Know these terms ○ Race → a form of social identification and stratification Know these subjects ○ Griots → west african historians, musicians and storytellers; “eyes, ears, and mouths” of their communities ; keeper of their communities histories ; institutional memory inside a griots head – speak up against those in charge ○ Preaching → churches provide autonomy for Black voices, preachers use distinctive vocal stylings, and call & response ○ Black Arts Movement → Associated with Black Panther movement Asserting African cultural identity, resisting White power structures Poetry and jazz!! Became important platforms ○ Gangsta rap → Highly stylized narrative feature  Hypermasculinity Misogyny Hypersexuality Egocentrism Poverty, drug addiction, violence Homophobia Predominantly white mass audience ○ Women in hip-hop→ Large decline in female artists signed to major labels – in the 80s & 90s, there were 40, but only 3 by 2010, “Best Female Rapper” Record label executives demanded women maintain a certain standard for their physical appearance Know these artis/ genres/ songs ○ Trap music→ Originated in Atlanta, GA T.I. Trap Muzik (2003) Sound: rapid hi-hat, booming bass, elements of EDM & gangsta rap Now global, combined with other genres ○ Sugarhill Gang, “Rapper’s Delight” → American hip hop trio 1979 hit “rapper’s delight” was the first single to become a top 40 hit on the billboard hot 100 Includes elements of west-african griots, preaching, spoken-word poetry, toasting, funk, disco, & jamaican sound system ○ Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, “The Message” → Rap’s first political and social commentary ○ Run-DMC and Aerosmith, “Walk This Way” → Example of a white rock song turning into a rap song ○ Megan Thee Stallion → Rapper, singer, and philanthropist from TX Viral freestyle videos on social media First female rapper signed to 300 entertainment Image as sexually dominant, “bad bitch” Advocate for black women & BLM, mental health What it is she is good at? And what is she known for? Sample questions: which hip hop song was the genre’s first commercial hit? A. “The Message” B. “Rappers delight” C. “Walk this way” D. “This is America” Fela Kuti & Afrobeat Know these terms ○ Pan-Africanism !! Africa as homeland of Africans and persons of African origin Solidarity among people of African descent  Belief in a distinct African personality Rehabilitation of Africans' past pride in African culture Africa for Africans in church and State Hope for a united and glorious future in Africa Know these subjects ○ Afrobeat → the genres that go into afrobeat?? Afrobeat goes global: newman afrobeat Founded 2009 Aboriginal roots Indigenous rights Women empowerment Multiculturalism Style of music that Kuti developed ○ Fela’s visit to L.A. in 1969 Black power movement Empowerment rooted in african identity and culture Bebop (ari music, experimental, presentational, emphasis on solos, resists imitation Funk (for dancing, emphasis on bass, drums, brass) “Everything changed after america. The music changed, the ideology changed, everything changed” ○ The Shrine Fela as “chief priest”, 6- hour sets Nigeria 70 becomes Afrika 70 Shrine to Malcolm X and Nkrumah Sang in pidgin English Concerts become political rallies ○ Kalakuta Republic “A cross-section between a black panther safe house and the playboy mansion” Home that he established ; named it after a jail cell he was in Lot of sexual activity there ; act of resistance ; declared it to be independent of Nigeria ○ Musical training: highlife African dance music and western sounds Drums, harmonicas, guitars, accordions Upbeat, tourist-friendly Know this artist and song ○ Fela Kuti, “Zombie” Against the kind of mind that take order without thinking Catchy song which Kuti called soldier zombies, acting without thinking Nigerian, created afrobeat Severely punished for writing this Sample question: name three musical styles/ genres that are part of afrobeat? → funk, highlife, bebop, jazz, ska, soul, indigenous music Reggaeton → a transnational music genre with various origins and identities, created through migration and travel that eventually went global Know these terms ○ Transnationalism → extending or going beyond national boundaries ○ Caserios → state-funded housing projects ○ Hurban → marketing category (hispanic + urban) ; going after hispanic urban demographic Know these subjects ○ Underground/ musica negra Underground DJ in the 1990s, first solo album in 1995 Puerto rico: underground music “Reggae rap underground” Explicit, profane lyrics about gang/criminal kife in la barrio; sexually explicit ○ Connections between Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, NYC Developed in a flow of musical exchange (diaspora) Migration + travel Common cultural, racial, class, and gender identities: African or latinx cultural heritage, racialized by Eurodominat cultures, working class, mostly male Know these artists and songs ○ Shabba Ranks, “Dem Bow” Beame foundation for reggaeton by introducing the rhythmic pattern ○ Daddy Yankee, “Gasolina” Introducing reggaeton to English speaking market and audience Underground music in the 1990s First solo album released in1995 Reggaeton becomes mainstream ○ Ivy Queen, “Somos raperos pero no somos delincuentes” (“We are rappers but not delinquents”) Puerto Rican singer, songwriter, rapper, actress and record producer Combined hip hop, reggae, freestyle rap, female-centered lyrics Went solo 1997 ○ Becky G, “Bella Ciao” Gender identity issues Sings in Spanish and English Embraces multicultural Latina identities in her music in order to create community  Normalizes women in powerful positions, negotiates alternatives to hypersexualization in reggaeton ○ Bad Bunny Class identity issues Speaks and signs in Puerto Rican Spanish “Modern day folk artist” : songs about working class identity, LGBTQIA ally, Puerto Rican cultural and regional identities, and political activism Maintains cultural heritage, brings change, negotiates alternative, reinforces shared values Sample questions: Artist: Daddy Yankee Song: “Gasolina” Name two nations credited with creating this genre? → Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, U.S. Global Metal How did metal spread in each one? How did each culture make metal unique? What aspects of metal did each culture share? ○ Brazil Spread: end of dictatorship Unique: Brazilian drums Aspects shared: freedom of speech ○ Japan Spread: deep purples performance Unique: guys dressed in glam/goth, visual k music Aspects shared: escape from pressure and daily life stress ○ India Spread: Through Bollywood Unique: Aspects shared: nonconformity, an outlet from an oppressed society; having your own identity by identifying with metal ○ China Spread: sharing of Western cultures, modern music learned in schools, CDs Unique: Long hair to represent power, martial arts Aspects shared: expressing dark emotion, globalization ○ Indonisia Spread: the first performance by Metallica, when all hell broke loose Unique: singing about political, religious, and social issues, voice of hatred Aspects shared: express the anger of social and unfair poor status; identity ○ Israel Spread: Metallica played in their country  Unique: focus on religious issues, connected people, and united the nation Aspects shared: connected people ○ Iran (via Dubai) Spread: internet and mp3 downloading, western culture Unique: people from other countries connected, speaking out about anger and war in a positive way Aspects shared: fought for the right to love meta Sample questions: which band introduced heavy metal to Japan? A. Deep Purple B. Tang Dynasty C. Sepultura D. Metallica Ska Know these terms ○ Hybridity → combination of elements from a variety of musical styles or genres Know these subjects ○ Musical precursors to ska Caribbean mento and calypso with american jazz and rhythm and blues ○ Alpha boys school Founded by nuns 1880 Orphanage & industrial school Sister Mary Ignatius Davies Record collector, music lover, teacher Graduates became professional musicians ○ Sound systems Enlarged for outdoor crowds Liquor stores dancehalls Lucrative, competitive Toasting ○ Jamaican independence August 6, 1962 Ska as Jamaican national music NY World’s Fair, 1964: Skatalites vs. Byron Lee Authenticity vs. image ○ 2Tone English record label that mostly released ska and reggae-influenced music with a punk rock and pop music overtone Founded by Jerry Dammers of the Specials and backed by Chrysalis Records Racial unity and social unity → invited audience members onto stage (stage invasions) Combined punk and british pop music with elements of ska ; adopted the dance move: skank ○ Ska in the U.K., Argentina and U.S.  U.K. → helpe bring ska to white british youths; spirit of rebellion, message-oriented ; rise of nationalism and socialism Latin America → massive appeal; related to Caribbean and latin elements, same working class struggles: unemployment, depression, lack of opportunity for youth U.S. → comic book-style art on albums; zines; spies instead of rude boys/ girls; lyrical themes: racism, greed, war ○ Rise of ska: cultural and spiritual influences Jazz, 1920-1940 Tourism U.S. military bases Radio Charlie Parker “The Bird”, 1946 R&B Radio and tenement yards Variety shows Rush Brown, “5-10-15 Hours”, 1952 Know these artists and songs ○ Sonia Pottinger (producer) Leading figure of the jamaican music industry Created several record labels and recorded some of jamaica's biggest musical celebrities ○ Theophilus Beckford, “Easy Snappin” Jamaican pianist and one of the pioneers of jamaican popular music during the transition from R&B to jamaican ska ○ Skatalites, “You’re Wondering Now” Ska band from jamaica Solidified ska into its own genre Many were alpha boys ○ Millie Small, “My Boy Lollipop” First international Ska hit Combines jamaican and british flavors, message-oriented lyrics geared towards rebellion ○ The Specials, “Gangster” Promoted unity among working-class British youth: Band included Jamaican musicians Participatory Stage invasions “The skank” dance Rude boys/ girls image “Gangster”, 1979 Inspired by “Al Capone” by Prince Buster Sample questions: artist: Skatalites song: “You’re Wondering Now” name two musical or cultural influences that led to the development of ska? → R&B, Jazz, Mento, Calypso, Alpha Boys School, Sound Systems, Jamaican recording industry