MUA Exam 2 Study Guide PDF

Chamber Music: recreational music - Private music performed at home - Published for use among aristocracy and bourgeoisi (upper middle class) Trobador: medieval singer/songwriter that wrote in the courtly love tradition Harpsichord: a keyboard that plucks the strings to make sound (like a...

Chamber Music: recreational music - Private music performed at home - Published for use among aristocracy and bourgeoisi (upper middle class) Trobador: medieval singer/songwriter that wrote in the courtly love tradition Harpsichord: a keyboard that plucks the strings to make sound (like a harp or a guitar but activated via levels not fingers) Fortepiano: a keyboard instrument that uses a hammer to strike the string to make a sound (we use the whole word for early instruments and piano for later ones) Cantata: a secular work for voices and instruments-often dramatic, but not staged. Usually for chamber performance, not in concert Avant Garde:music that is purposefully future centric and specialized (ex: 20th century/modern era) Early music: instruments (ex:harpsichord and fortepiano) , voice types, genres/forms that are all non standard today (ex: middle ages) Common practice era: a familiar style of music that we recognize and understand (ex: classical and romanticism music) Classicism: a cultural movement developed during the second half of the eighteenth century that was strongly influenced by the classical cultures of Rome and Greece Courtly love: unrequited love or devotion to someone who doesn’t share their devotion Art song: a setting of a poem to music - Performed by one singer w/ accompaniment (usually piano) - Often in a personal tone, first person is common (subjective experiences, emotions, reactions to events in the world, longing) Characteristics of Romanticism: Fascination with macabre and fantastic: - depiction of oath death melancholy, survival - Violence and terror effect on people - Magic, mysticism, the unexplainable - The world beyond hearing, seeing, and touching “Counter-enlightenment”: reaction against the enlightenment - Enlightenment failed french rev —> congress of vienna - Human experience cant be explained via science and observation alone - Nature taking over religion is typical in romanticism Virtuosity: celebrating an individual who has supernatural talent/beyond the mundane Romantic idealism: longing for a between world; striving for a goal that is unreachable;constant improvement to self Symphony: music work for orchestra (strings, winds, brass, no voices) for a larger,public concert presentation String quartet: a music ensemble that consists of two violins, a viola, and a cello (four instruments total) Wind quartet: an ensemble consisting of a mixture of brass and woodwind instruments Salon: Salon was associated with women because they were in womens domain (their home)  - Most women didn’t have access to education in medieval times so they learned through salons by talking to other professionals Important terms from past exam: Pitch:high or low musical note sounds -how fast the sound waves are moving to produce sounds (frequency) Melody(tune): a line of pitches that the listener hears as a single tune -gave shape, direction, length, topography (jaggedness) and melodies also have form repetitions that make them memorable and variations that keep them interesting Harmony: describes chords, overall pitch environment dissonance and resolution Difference between harmony and pitch??? Dissonance: when two pitches seem to create tension Consonance: harmonious sounding together of pitches Rhythm: how long a note or sound lasts Tempo: fast/slow a pace sound (Tempo and rhythm go together and have a direct relationship ex:faster pieces use shorter rhythms and slower pieces use longer rhythms) Meter:How those durations (rhythms) are organized into larger units Example of meter??? Texture: how many “voices” (melodies) we hear at once and how they interact with each other - Homophonic: means “same sound” (melody and accompaniment) - Polyphonic: meaning many sounds Accompaniment: supporting part of a voice Timbre: distinguishing a sound of combination of sounds -the quality of distinctive sounds of voices or parts or How the creator uses different instruments and voices to create variety - can describe different singing styles (soprano, alto, bass,baritone) Form: how a musical experience unfolds in time and how a creator organizes all of the other elements to express meaning Essay on Society, Culture, and Music’s Roles Discuss three examples that demonstrate how music both reflects and shapes society in different historical periods. Be sure to include musical features of the example that connect it to a social norm or societal problem/institution (sonic details of the work). -medieval period and how to courtly love respects loyalty virtuoso and the guy playing the violin and doing something else simultaneously and he was either shunned or congratulated What are the main features of Romanticism, and how did musicians “translate” them into music from other art forms, like painting, fiction writing, and poetry? Discuss at least two specific examples, using terminology to describe musical features in the examples you Chose. The main features of romanticism is magic, mysticism, and personal freedom. Romanticism caused music to express courtly love and that became very popular -Edgar Allan Poe would be an example of romanticism and how he created dark poetry Discuss the connection between “self-expression” and “authenticity.” Give at least two examples from different historical eras that demonstrate how the idea of “authenticity” has impacted our understanding of a musical work or tradition. - The connection between self expression and authenticity is when individuals express their true selves they are being authentic. Tschaikowsky is an example of self expression and authenticity because they claimed his music wasn’t Russian enough because he blended various music styles. Enlightenment also involved expressing your true self and being most authentic What are the main features of the Enlightenment, and how did it impact musical traditions and practices of the 18th century? Discuss at least two specific examples, using terminology to describe musical features in the examples you chose. -Main features of enlightenment are individuality, skepticism of tradition, and human rights and equaity. Enlightenment affected music in the 18th century because it cause an emphasis on emotion and expression, development on new forms or music, and an increased accessibility. How have musicians throughout the history of notated music used music for recreation? Choose three examples that demonstrate different ways of making music for fun that focus on the performer(s) rather than the consumer or audience. Be sure to discuss musical features that highlight the central quality of recreation in performance. -music that was made in the home and provided a sense of strong family bonds We studied several musical works written by women in this unit. How did women’s distinctive experience in society shape the kinds of music they made and how they interacted with other musicians in their communities? Discuss three examples, including musical features of the works that connect to the experiences of the women who created them -women shaped society by having salons and being able to control the environment and learn from them. They also had an impact on music today -lacked diversity in the wind quartets - Most women didn’t have access to education in medieval times so they learned through salons by talking to other professionals