Historical Antecedents in Science and Technology PDF

HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN WHICH SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS CHANGED THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MST 2 : WEEK2 CONTENT STANDARD The learners demonstrate an understanding of the experiences of individual communities or society that changed the course of science and technology throughout history...

HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN WHICH SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS CHANGED THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MST 2 : WEEK2 CONTENT STANDARD The learners demonstrate an understanding of the experiences of individual communities or society that changed the course of science and technology throughout history in the world from Ancient, Middle and Modern Ages LEARNING OUTCOMES THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO; 1.Recognize science and technology and its association; and 2.Describe the historical development of science and technology During Ancient Middle, and Modern Ages and its significance to the society. FEATURES OF STS  STS is anew subject, it emerged from the confluence of a variety of disciplines and disciplinary subfields, all of which had developed an interest in viewing science and technology as socially embedded enterprises  In 1970 Elting E. Morison founded the STS program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology which served as a model.  In 2011 STS programs were counted HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE  Starting in the 1960’s, some historians questioned technological determinism, a doctrine that can induce public passivity to technologic and scientific natural development  The Structure of Scientific Revolutions(1962) by Thomas Kuhn was published. This changed intellectual paradigms in science and technology.  Late 1960’s was considered as the rise of science, technology and society through students and faculty social movements in US, UK and European Universities. STS AS A BRANCH OF SCIENCE  Science, Technology and Society (STS) is a branch of science studies. It considers how social, political and cultural values affects scientific research and technological innovations, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.  SCIENCE : is the systematic study of nature, both living and non living aspect of nature including natural phenomena.  TECHNOLOGY: organization of knowledge for the achievement of practical purposes or a set of skills, techniques or activities for practical ends.  SOCIETY: System of collective, cohabitation of groups of individuals with mutual understanding, benefits and common goals HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING PRE HISTORIC TIME  STONE AGE : Ancient humans were able to discover and invent tools from stones, flint, chert, basalt, and sandstones.(Flaking) These tools were used for cutting, chopping, scraping and sawing. FIRE was the most important discovery and invention of man in the stone age.  BRONZE AGE: It is the period marked with the beginning of mining and metallurgy. Bronze denotes the first period in which metal was used.  IRON AGE: it is the period of time when the dominant tool making materials was iron. Iron age Technology is characterized by the production of of tools and weaponry using ferrous metallurgy or iron working.. Human started to settle in small villages, toiling the soil with iron farming tools. HISTORICAL ANTECEDENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING ANCIENT TIMES First civilization emerged independent of one another along fertile river of Tigris and Euphrates, Nile, and Yangtse River. People of each civilization developed a unique way of life, religion, form of government, language , system of writing, arts, crafts, and advances in science and technology such as astronomy, agriculture ,medicine , mathematics, engineering SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT The Sumerian were the first to produce writing system called CUNEIFORM, which consist of pictograms or drawings representing actual things. SUMERIANS CLAY TABLET contain the Sumerian historical information. and culture POTTERS WHEEL mechanical device invented 3500BC. Used as a means of practical method from moving heavy objects They were among the first astronomers mapping the movement of stars, planets, and moon into sets of constellation. They used SEXAGESIMAL system of counting in units of 60 which serve as the basis for 360 degrees circle and 60 minute hour. BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT HAMURABI LAW serves as the rule and standards which maintain a period of stability in this region. They constructed the famous garden of Babylon , one of the 7th wonders of the world, and the ISTHAR GATE. They make accurate predictions of solar and lunar eclipse and other astronomical phenomenon EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ancient Egypt depended on the waters of Nile River which flows through harsh and arid deserts. They are the first people to make GLASS. Such as glass beads and glass jars. They wrote with ink and brushes on paper made of PAPYRUS reeds, their writing was in the form of pictorial, symbols known as HIEROGLYPHICS. They have a good knowledge in anatomy, physiology, surgery, and medicinal plants that enabled them to master EMBALMING their dead. CONTINUATION.. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION They created calendars based on the phase of the moon consisting of 29 days and 1/2days. Early calendar was based on the appearance or disappearance of the star SYRIUS. Which help them to forecast the season. The first to divide the day into 24 hours. PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT still stands today as the monumental evidence of the scientific expertise and technical skills of the ancient Egyptians in Geometry., engineering architecture and labor management. They manufactured soaps, creams, oils, perfumes and eye make up CRETAN(MINOAN) CIVILIZATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Mercantile people engaged in overseas trade of tin, exporter of wine, oil and jewelry. They build the first NAVY SHIP in the world purposely used for trading. They practice POLYCULTURE wherein they planted more than 1 crop at a time. They are known for their healthy diet that resulted in the healthy growth of their population GREEK CIVILIZATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Greece is known as the CRADLE OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION, they gifted the world with important discoveries and innovations. Their foremost contribution to the world is the foundation of the OLYMPIC GAMES, first recorded 776years BC. They produced well known philosophers include HIPPOCRATES regarded as the father of medicine. ARISTOTLE was regarded as the father of biology. ARCHIMEDES discovered the laws of the lever and the pulley. THEOPHRASTUS regarded as father of plant science. ROMAN CIVILIZATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT The Romans used water power and water mills for making cereals, milling, sawing timber and crushing ore. They used SUNDIALS to tell time. They used advanced glass blowing technique that brought new technology to window glass, hanging glass oil lamps, HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING MEDIEVAL TIMES. MEDIEVAL TIMES, MIDDLE AGES, and DARK AGES generally refer to the same period from 500 -1500AD. That is 100 years. It covers the fall of the ROMAN EMPIRE to the rise of the OTTOMAN EMPIRE. Agricultural innovations Military Technology Emergence of the first Universities Modern Universities such as Oxford and Cambridge HISTORICAL ANTECEDENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING RENAISSANCE TIMES Time of creativity and rebirth of cultural and intellectual pursuits centered in Italy This is the period of the golden age with great advances in art, literature, science, geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics , mathematics, manufacturing, anatomy, and engineering. Produced a new concept of how people thought of themselves each other, and the world around them. The most important technological innovation was the invention of the printing press by Johann Gutenberg. It began printing the Bible that led to a higher literacy rate. The spread of Renaissance ideas gave birth to the invention of news paper. CONT. OF THE RENAISSANCE TIME Innovations and improvements on existing technologies and branches of science. Medicine increase in experimental investigations principally in the field of dissection, thus advancing the knowledge of human anatomy. Andreas Vesalius described the anatomy of brain and other organs and gave birth to Neurology. William Harvey provided a refined and complete description of the circulatory system. Other effective drugs existed beyond opium and quinine. HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING MODERN TIMES THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION: the appearance of modern science during the early modern period during the 16th to 17th century. It transformed views of society and nature The scientific revolution in Europe ends the renaissance period influencing intellectual and social movement known as the ENLIGHTENMENT or AGE OF REASON. The systematic experimentation was slowly accepted by the scientific community. Scientific revolution led to the invention of MICROSCOPE, BAROMETER, THERMOMETER AND TELESCOPE THEORIES DURING THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION 1. HELIOCENTRIC Theory of Nicolaus Copernicus: The sun is at rest near the center of the universe and that the earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the sun. 2. The planets travel around the sun in elliptical orbits. KEPLER’S LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION(refer to the textbook for the 2nd and 3rd law no. 3 and 4 pp11) 3. Galileo Galilei: there are innumerable stars invisible to the naked eyes, 4. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Minute living things were observed that cannot be seen by the naked eye. 5. Isaac Newton Laws( refer to pp11 No. 7,8,9 and 10) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1750-1900): This was the transition to new technological process in Europe, Great Britain and United States. An outstanding feature of the Industrial Revolution has been the advance in power technology. Industrial revolution was the most profound revolution in human history because of its sweeping impact on people’s daily lives. INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1. Energy and the power of wind and water 2. Steam power 3. Discovery of petroleum and natural gases 4. The Internal combustion engine 5. The development of electricity 6. Agriculture technology 7. Textile Industry 8. Overland Roads were improved 9. Manufacturing of chemicals 10. Metallurgy CONT.. INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS 11. Machine tools 12. Invention of cement 13. Glass production known as cylinder blown sheet 14. Invention of atomic nucleus and other sub atomic particles 15. Development of Biochemistry and molecular biology, leading to the discovery of DEOXYRIBUNUCLEIC ACID(DNA) 16. Development in Medicine 17. Development of modern telescopes to study the sun and huge collection of star called MILKY WAY. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 20TH CENTURY 1. Electronics Industry 2. Innovative communication devices 3. AIRPLANE was invented by the WRIGHT BROTHERS, WILBUR and ORVILLE 4. Invention of MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) in the medical field 5. Invention of INTERNET for wireless communications 6. Optic fiber 7. Air conditioning system 8. 3D metal printing 9. GENETIC ENGINEERING 10. Artificial Embryo OTHER INFORMATIONS: DO YOU KNOW? POLYMERASE CHAIN REATION (PCR)L: it is a technique used to rapidly make many copies of specific DNA to study in detail. Invented by KARY B.MULLIS in 1980. also called MOLECULAR COPYING. RT-PCR TEST real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test to directly detect the actual presence of an antigen of the Covid 19 virus. The Rapid antibody testing is used to detect the presence of antibody produced by the body. POST LECTURE ACTIVITIES  ACTIVITY 1 PROCEDURE NO.2, NO  ACTIVITY NO.3 (pp18) NEED FOR POWER POINT Answer the crossword puzzle now PRESENTATION. direct in your book, tear the page  Answer (a) of Activity no.1 in a afterwards and submit. separate yellow sheet. ACTIVITY NO. 4 (pp19 and 20)  ACTIVITY N0.2 (pp17) copy the Answer the multiple choice questions questions direct in your book, tear the page Answer this at home following the afterwards and submit. procedure and submit next meeting. THANK YOU