Module 1: Natural Resources PDF

**MODULE 1:** **NATURAL RESOURCES-** people use natural resources in every day directly or indirectly. **OIL-** is a liquid flues. **COAL-** is a black or brown rock. **NON- RELIABLE RESOURCES-** a natural substance that is not replenish with the speed at which it is consumed. **DR. REX N. OLIN...

**MODULE 1:** **NATURAL RESOURCES-** people use natural resources in every day directly or indirectly. **OIL-** is a liquid flues. **COAL-** is a black or brown rock. **NON- RELIABLE RESOURCES-** a natural substance that is not replenish with the speed at which it is consumed. **DR. REX N. OLINARES-** father or environmental science. He proposed that sanitation and hygienic measure are necessary to prevent spread of microorganisms.(**sanitation is the root cause of environmental pollution).** **SCIENCE** ** BIOLOGY-** the study of living organisms ** CHEMISTRY-** the study of chemical and their interaction ** EARTH SCIENCE-** the study of the earth nonliving system **PHYSICS-** the study of matter and energy. **SOCIAL SCIENCE-** the study of human pollution **ECOLOGY-** biological science studying the interaction of living things with each other. **ORGANISMS-** each belongs to species **SPECIES-** groups with unique characteristics distinguish them from groups. **ECOSYSTEM-** Set of organisms within a defined areas **INTERACTION-** among organisms and their nonliving organisms **ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE-** study of how humans interact with the living and nonliving parts of their environment. **ENVIRONMENT-** everything around us. **ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL** **ECOSYSTEM-** ecological system. Study of the earth household. Greek word "**oikos"** meaning house and **"logos".** **ECONOMICS-** resources limitations & availability and how can it meet the infinite needs of mankind. **ECONOMICS THEORY-** states that rsours can be xploited as long a it profitable. **ODUM(2015)-** ecosystem is a assemblage of living and nonliving elements contained within a boundary. (**flows of energy and complete the chemical cycle**) **AUTOTROPHIC-** Related to components in which activity is photosynthesis. The production of organic matter from simple & draw from a surroundings. **HETEROTOPIC-** Rearrangement of synthesis. Transformation of a primary product. **Heterotroph are predator.** **a.BIO PHAGES-** animals consumed other animals **b.SAPROPHAGES-** refers on dead organisms. **ABIOTIC-** nonliving things. They form the environment and determine the type/structure of ecosystem ex: **sunlight** **TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM:** **TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM-** a land-based community of organisms, abiotic and biotic interaction. **GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM- (**non-woody) vegetation is dominated by grasses and other herbaceous. **DESSERT ECOSYSTEM-** extremely dry environment that are home to well-adapted plants and animals. **TUNDRA ECOSYSTEM-** found in **Arctic** and on the top of the **Mountain.** Where climate is cold and windy. **FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM-** biotic species and their growth and adaption. **MARINE ECOSYSTEM-** aquatic environments with high levels of dissolved salt. **BIOTIC** **PRIDUCERS (Autotrophs)-** all green animals. (photosynthesis) **CONSUMERS-** they consume the organic compound in plants and animals. **HERVIBOUS- (**plants feeder) primary consumers ** CARNIVORES-** (meat eater) secondary consumer **OMNIVORES-** (general feeder) ** DECOMPOSERS-** they are tiny organisms includes bacteria and fungi. **ENERGY CIRCUIT/FLOW-** through the structural elements of ecosystem **FOOD WEB-** all of the interconnected and overlapping food chain in ecosystem **NUTRIENTS CYCLE-** alternately up in living organisms, freed in ecosystem and bound up again in living organisms. a. **CLOSED SYSTEM-** system that neither received inputs from nor contribute to the external environment b. **OPEN SYSTEM-** system with change of materials and energy to the surrounding environment. **ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP** ** COMPETITOR-** when two or more organisms rely on the same environmental science **PREDATION-** behavior of one animals feeding on others. **MUTUALISM-** symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit **COMMUNIALISM-** symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and one does not benefit but is unharmed **PARASITISM-** symbiotic relationship where one organisms benefit and one is harmed **POPULATION-** a group of potentially interbreeding individual of the same species. **COMMUNITY-** group of population in a particular area. **ECOSYSTEM-** in a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms work together to form a Bubble. **BIOMES-** large components of ecosystem ex: **Delicious forest** **INTERBREEDING-** gene flow, life is own, unique way of allocating resources. **SCRAMBLE COMPETITION-** no individual has enough resources for growth **CONTEST COMPETITION-** some members of population get more resources (imbalance of allocation) **PREDATION-** prey-predator relationship(balance ecosystem) **AGE STRUCTURE-** The ratio of the various age classes to each other at the give time. **DENSITY-** number of individuals expressed per unit of space or areas. **POPULATION PARAMETER:** ** BIRTH RATE/NATALITY-** new individual in a population **DEATH RATE/MORTALITY-** no individual dying in a give time period **GROWRH RATE-** some of forces influencing growth birth **ABUNDANCE-** Number of individuals in a given area (no boundary) **ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY-** study of chemical and biochemical phenomena that occurs in nature. **ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATOR-** measures or standard that we use to helps us see what happening in the environment. **PHYSICAL PARAMETERS-** ** TURBIDITY-** light transmitting properties of water ** COLOE-** presence od organic substances **ODOR AND TASTE-** water can use for human consumption. ** TEMPERATURE-** affects some of the important physical properties and characteristics of water. **CONDUCTIVITY-** It indicate how pure water is. **CHEMICAL PARAMETERS:** ** CHLORIDE ION-** increase in case of urine and sewage contaminated water. **AMONIA-** decomposition of organic matter like protein, amino acid etc.. ** NITRITE-** it brings serious health hazards to the consumers. ** NITRATE-** it most stable oxidized from the nitrogen **PHOSPHATE-** water resources comes to agricultural wastes, sewage and from industrial effluent ** HARDNESS-** water is merely due to salt of calcium and magnis **BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)-** represent amount of oxygen required by living organisms (microorganisms) **CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD)-** amount of oxygen needed for oxidation of organic matter. **DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO)-** highly soluble and get dissolved in water in the form of DO. (aquatic aerobic organisms) **pH-** measure the alkalinity and acidity of water. **BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS-** used to determine if water can be utilized for drinking, swimming and other form of human contact. **BIOCHEMICAL CYCLE-** refers to the movement of elements and compounds cycling (Earth and organisms). **WATER CYCLE/ HYDROLOGIC CYCLE-** shows the continuous movement of water within the Earth and Atmosphere.(condensation, precipitation, transpiration and evaporation) **CARBON CYCLE-** nature's way of reusing carbon atoms, which travel from atmosphere into organisms of the earth back to atmosphere. (atmosphere, photosynthesis, carbon fixation, decomposition, and fossils fuel combustion). **NITROGEN CYCLE-** it involves several processes. Biogeochemical process through which nitrogen is converted. **OXYGEN CYCLE-** biochemical cycle that helps to more oxygen through the three central region of the earth. (oxygen, photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and Atmosphere). **SULFUR CYCLE-** described the movement of sulfur through the geosphere and biosphere. Released rocks through weathering. **PHOSPHORUS CYCLE-** biogeochemical cycle that describes the transformation and translocation of phosphorus in soil, water and living and dead organic matter. **APPLICATION:** ** **Heavy metal contamination of land by industrial. PHAS (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) in large bodies of water contaminated by oil spills and leak. Nutrient leaching from agricultural land to water course. Urban runoff population washing off impervious surfaces Organometallic compound