MSBSHSE-Class-12-Information-Technology-Arts-Textbook.pdf

 Practical Notebook for Standard XII Practical Notebook Cum Journal Price: ` 72.00.00 Pric e: ` 91 e:` Pri...

 Practical Notebook for Standard XII Practical Notebook Cum Journal Price: ` 72.00.00 Pric e: ` 91 e:` Pric 81.0 0 Practical Notebook prescribed for the subjects Biology, Physics and Chemistry for Standard Twelve as per subject scheme Based on Government approved syllabus and textbook Inclusion of all practicals as per Evaluation scheme. Inclusion of various activities and objective questions Inclusion of useful questions for oral examination Practical notebooks are available for sale in the regional depots of the Textbook Bureau. (1) Maharashtra State Textbook Stores and Distribution Centre, Senapati Bapat Marg, Pune 411004  25659465 (2) Maharashtra State Textbook Stores and Distribution Centre, P-41, Industrial Estate, Mumbai - Bengaluru Highway, Opposite Sakal Office, Kolhapur 416122  2468576 (3) Maharashtra State Textbook Stores and Distribution Centre, 10, Udyognagar, S. V. Road, Goregaon (West), Mumbai 400062  28771842 (4) Maharashtra State Textbook Stores and Distribution Centre, CIDCO, Plot no. 14, W-Sector 12, Wavanja Road, New Panvel, Dist. Rajgad, Panvel 410206  274626465 (5) Maharashtra State Textbook Stores and Distribution Centre, Near Lekhanagar, Plot no. 24, 'MAGH' Sector, CIDCO, New Mumbai-Agra Road, Nashik 422009  2391511 (6) Maharashtra State Textbook Stores and Distribution Centre, M.I.D.C. Shed no. 2 and 3, Near Railway Station, Aurangabad 431001  2332171 (7) Maharashtra State Textbook Stores and Distribution Centre, Opposite Rabindranath Tagore Science College, Maharaj Baug Road, Nagpur 440001  2547716/2523078 (8) Maharashtra State Textbook Stores and Distribution Centre, Plot no. F-91, M.I.D.C., Latur 413531  220930 (9) Maharashtra State Textbook Stores and Distribution Centre, Shakuntal Colony, Behind V.M.V. College, Amravati 444604  2530965 E-learning material (Audio-Visual) for Standards One to Twelve is available through Textbook Bureau, Balbharati... Register your demand by scanning the Q.R. Code given alongside. Register your demand for E-learning material by using Google play store and downloading ebalbharati app. ebalbharati www.ebalbharati.in, www.balbharati.in  The Coordination Committee formed by GR No. Abhyas - 2116/(Pra.Kra.43/16) SD - 4 Dated 25.4.2016 has given approval to prescribe this textbook in its meeting held on 30.01.2020 and it has been decided to implement it from academic year 2020-21. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARD - TWELVE (Arts) 3D, AR & VR, 5G Digital Marketing HTML5 OSM Audio and Video Editing E-Commerce, E-Governance Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. The digital textbook can be obtained through DIKSHA App on smart phone by using the Q.R. Code given on title page of the textbook and useful audio-visual teaching-learning material of the relevant lesson. First Edition: 2020 © Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Reprint: 2021 Curriculum Research, Pune- 411004. The Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research reserves all rights relating to the book. No part of this book should be reproduced without the written permission of the Director, Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, ‘Balbharati’, Pune. Information Technology Subject Co-ordination Committee and Study group Dr. Ajaykumar Lolage Special Officer, Work Experience, Shri. Sanjay Kulkarni, Chairman Incharge Special Officer, Smt. Neha N. Katti Health and Physical Education, Shri. Prashant M. Patil Textbook Bureau, Pune Smt. Vijaya A. Parekar Smt. Archana K. Mulay Production Shri. Sachchidanand Aaphale Smt. Dipali G. Dhumal Chief. Production Officer Smt. Jyoti J. Barge Shri. Sachin Mehata Smt. Aasha C. Mohite Production Officer Smt. Sushama S. Patil Shri. Nitin Wani Smt. Sangita A. Jaju Asst. Production Officer Shri. Tayyabali M. Sayyad Paper Shri. Nilesh S. Ghavate 70 GSM Creamwove Shri. Milind Oka Print Order N/PB/2021-22/2,000 Shri. Prashant D. Hakim Printer Shri. Satyawan B. Guram M/S. RUNA GRAPHICS, PUNE Shri. Nitin R. Choubey Dr. Ajaykumar S. Lolage (Member Secretary) Publisher Vivek Gosavi, Cover & Illusatrations Controller Smt. Pradnya Kale Maharashtra State Textbook Shri. Sandeep Koli Bureau, Prabhadevi, Typesetting Mumbai-400025 Textbook Bureau, Pune NATIONAL ANTHEM  Foreword Dear Students, Congratulations to all of you for the successful completion of Std XI and welcome to the second year of Higher Secondary Education. The syllabus of Information Technology (Arts) at Higher Secondary Level has been revised and implemented in view of the fact that computer is used currently as a tool for various applications, especially in the field of e-Banking, e-Commerce, e-Governance, etc. Higher studies and placements, at present, greatly demand human resources with adequate knowledge in computer applications and information technology. The Information Technology aims to equip students the knowledge, skills and attitudes to become productive employees in the area of computer technology. In this course, you all will gain a perspective to become a successful entrepreneur in Information technology and allied sector. Scope of this textbook also provides you all with the foundation for higher studies. Information technology is one of the most significant growth catalysts for the Indian economy. I am sure after completion of HSC with IT, you will acquire skills and competency to any enter in the upcoming job market. In Class XI, the syllabus focused on the fundamentals of computer, computer network, basics of website designing and some knowledge of database. You all are also familiar with web page designing. The image creation and manipulation tools such as GIMP a bitmap graphic software and Inkscape a professional quality vector graphic software are there. The syllabus of Class XII Information Technology (Arts) is a continuation to that of Class XI. Hence the textbook designed in accordance with the syllabus, begins with some advance features of HTML5. Open source softwares like Kdenlive a free and open-source video editing software and Audacity as a digital audio editor and recording software are introduced. Open Street Map, (OSM) the project that creates and distributes free geographic data for the world is added in the syllabus along with new technologies such as 3D printing, AR, VR. The concepts such as E-commerce and E-Governance will make students aware about the digitalization process. I hope this book will meet all the requirements for stepping to levels of higher education and pave the way to the peak of success. Each unit comprises of simple activities and demonstrations which can be done by you on your own. It is sure if you carefully study the text and practice the laboratory exercises, you will develop confidence in working with website development, web hosting, web analyzing and update your knowledge with new and current technologies. (Vivek Gosavi) Pune Director Date : 21 February, 2020 Maharashtra State Bureau of Texbook Bharatiya Saur : 2 Phalguna 1941 Production and Curriculum Research, Pune  For Teachers Dear Teacher, The subject Information Technology (Arts) is an optional subject of the Higher Secondary Education. The content is developed in view of the fact that it should be useful to the students for their higher studies and they should be able to use computer as a tool. Besides, if somebody wishes a shift towards the IT field in higher education, the syllabus can cater to their needs. Although the field of IT continues to expand rapidly, it is not feasible to expand the size of the curriculum proportionately. As a result, the syllabus has been designed in such a manner to inculcate the current technical knowledge among the students. The textbook on Information Technology (Arts) is developed as per the approaches and methods used in recent era of internet and web. As the curriculum is activity-based, process-oriented and based on constructivism, it demands higher level proficiency and dedication from the part of the teachers for effective teaching. This textbook takes two aspects into consideration - knowledge domain and process domain. The knowledge area of the curriculum of Class XII is a continuation to that of Class XI. The programming aspects to solve complex problems and handle complex data are introduced. Since we are in an era of Internet, a wide coverage is given to the contents required for designing web pages and developing web applications. Audacity software is included as it has features of recording audio from multiple sources, post-processing of all types of audio, trimming and fading in and out. The video editing software Kdenlive is incorporated to create, move, crop and delete video clips, audio clips, text clips and image clips. The concepts such as E-commerce and E-Governance is also included. The knowledge about the same is must for today’s generation. The process domain gives importance to gain the Creative and logical method and develop interest for deeper investigation. The recent technologies in IT such as 3D printing, 5G, AR and VR are included in the syllabus to give the current technological knowledge to the students. While transacting the concepts through activities, it should be ensured that the students are attaining the skills along with learning outcomes. The Textbook IT (Arts) is prepared by a team of practicing teachers under the guidance of a panel of subject experts. All possible efforts have been taken to make the books learner-friendly and interesting. There is no denying the fact that our teachers are resourceful and committed, and hence directions towards the right path can make the transaction of the curriculum most effective and productive. Constructive criticism and creative suggestions for improvement of the book are most welcome. Information Technology Subject Committee and Study Group Textbook Bureau, Pune  Competency Statements For Information Technology Standard - XII (All Streams) Competency Theory 1. To create awareness and acquire knowledge about new technology. 2. To acquire in-depth knowledge about technologies related to AI, IOT, 3D Printing, 5G. 3. To enable the student to think and create interest in emerging technology from career point of view. 4. To make students aware about concept of E-commerce. 5. To acquire knowledge about scope of E-commerce. 6. To create awareness about different E-commerce websites and discuss its features. 7. To develop higher order logical skills based on basic knowledge acquired in 11th standard. 8. To make students aware about HTML5’s advanced tags while developing web page. 9. To make students competent in scripting language to create dynamic web page. 10. To acquire knowledge about concept of object. Skill Oriented Practicals (SOP) 1. To inculcate web designing skills using advance tags. 2. To make students confident to create website. 3. To develop skills for programming using DOM. 4. To develop ability to create dynamic web pages using advance features. 5. To develop ability to program for server side scripting. 6. To develop skill to create simple PHP Program. 7. To make student aware about connectivity with database. 8. To develop skill in handling accounting package with advance feature. 9. To make student competent to display and print different accounting report. 10. To acquire skills in recording and manipulating audios. 11. To make student skillful to mix audio. 12. To acquire skills to record, create and manipulate video. 13. To enhance the creative ability by mixing and fusion of the different media.  INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARD - TWELVE (Arts) INDEX No. Title of the Chapter Page No 1 Advanced HTML5 1 2 E-Commerce and E-Governance 27 3 Basics of Audio and Video editing 38 4 Recent Technologies in IT (3D Printing, AR & VR, 5G) 57 5 Open Street Map (OSM) 64 6 Digital Marketing 72 Skill Oriented Practicals (SOP) 1. HTML5 86 2. Basics of Audio editing (Audacity) 89 3. Basics of Video editing (Kdenlive) 91 4. Open Street Map (OSM) 92  1 Advanced Web Designing 1 Let us learn different versions supporting different features. HTML5 is currently used  Student can design the layout of web because it supports mobile technology. pages using CSS. The major browsers are Google Chrome,  Students can learn to design the MozillaFirefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, website. Opera and Apple support the features of HTML5.  Student can design the web form with validations. 1.2 Forms in HTML5  Students can learn concept of image In eleventh standard we have studied map and Iframe (inline frame). different controls related to form like text, radio, checkbox, submit, reset, select and  The aim is to give the skills to create textarea. HTML WebPages, using HTML5 These controls are used to collect and CSS. different kinds of user inputs, such as contact details like name, address, single 1.1 Advanced Web Designing or multiple options from group of options, as well as clearing and submitting data We have been introduced to basic etc. terminologies related to creation of web pages. The Hypertext Mark-up Language HTML5 has introduced additional (HTML) is an evolving language, with form controls which can also be used for validation purpose. HTML5 advanced elements HTML5 introduces a number of new input type values for the type attribute of tag. Input type Description Defines a color picker Defines a field for entering a number Defines a field for entering a URL. Defines an image as a submit button. Defines a date picker with the year, month and day Defines a field for an e-mail address 1  Input type Description Defines a month and year control in format is "YYYY-MM" Define a range control. Default range is 0 to 100. Defines a date picker that includes the year, month, day and time. Defines a control for entering a time. Defines a week and year control. Defines a text field for entering a search string like a site search or Google search. Defines a file-select field and a "Browse" button for file uploads. Used to define input fields that should contain a telephone number. Input Restrictions A list of some common input restrictions is given below, few of which can be used for validation purpose. Attribute Description disabled Specifies that an input field should be disabled. max Specifies the maximum value for an input field. min Specifies the minimum value for an input field. pattern Specifies a regular expression to check the input values. read only Specifies that an input field is read only (cannot be changed). This acts as a temporary label showing the purpose of a text field placeholder without requiring a label tag. required Specifies that an input field is required (must be filled out). Specifies whether a form or input field should have autocomplete On autocomplete or Off. Specifies that the input field should automatically get focus when the autofocus page loads. height and Specifies the height and width of an width Specifies that the user is allowed to enter more than one value in the multiple element. This works with input types like email and file. 2 Some other useful attributes used with are- 1. id : This is used to identify the html element uniquely through the document object model. 2. class: It is used to apply CSS style to the individual input element. Examples : Forms in html 5 Name: E-mail: Date of Inception: Office time: Number of years completed(between 1 and 100): Office phone number: Add your homepage: The output is as follows Do it Yourself 1. Use multiple attribute in 2. Use pattern attribute in and see the Output. 1.3 tag The meta tag is a tag in html that describes some aspects of contents of a webpage. The HTML tag is used by search engines to search information 3 that is provided with the webpage. This is empty tag (singular tag) which carries information within its attributes. The tag is placed between the and tags. Metadata will not be displayed on the webpage. Attribute of tag Attribute Values Description Name The value of the name attribute Specifies the Name of the meta- can be related to any of the data like the author, keywords or following- i) Author ii) Description description. iii) Keywords iv) copyright e.g. Content It can have any textual matter related to the name as in eg. i. balbharati. ii. advance web designing. iii. like html5 , learn html5 etc. Charset UTF-8, Big5 Specifies the character encoding e.g used by the document, This is called a character encoding declaration. UTF-8 For Indian characters Big5 – for Chinese characters http-equiv refresh , set-cookie, content-type, Used for http response message expires, headers. e.g. every 5 seconds. The browser sends the cookies for the document 4 Example: meta tag examples element you want to style. It could be Declaration Block : The declaration declarations separated by a semicolon. 1. color : yellow; 2. font-size :11 px; Welcome to HTML5 Each declaration contains a property name and value, separated by a colon. Property : A Property is a type of attribute of HTML element. It could be color, border etc. 1.4 Cascading Style Sheets in HTML5 Value : Values are assigned to CSS CSS stands for Cascading Style properties. In the above example, value Sheets. CSS describes how HTML "yellow" is assigned to color property. elements are to be displayed on screen, Selector{Property1: value1; Property2: paper, or in other media. CSS saves a value2} lot of work. It can control the layout Types of CSS of multiple web pages all at once. CSS allows you to control the look and feel There are three methods of of several pages by changing a single implementing styling information to an source. HTML document. 1. Inline CSS CSS Syntax 2. Embedded stylesheet or Internal  A CSS rule set contains CSS  a selector and 3. External CSS  a declaration block. 1. Inline stylesheet : It uses the style attribute in the HTML start tag. 5  Inline CSS is used to apply CSS on a single line or element. For example : The internal style sheet is applied on this heading. Hello CSS This paragraph will not be affected. 2. Embedded stylesheet or internal CSS : This is used to apply CSS on a single document or page. It can affect all the elements of the page. It The output of above program is as is written inside the style tag within follows- head section of html. For example : h1{color: Red;} CSS Properties Property Use Value Example Color Changes the color of the text Color name h1{color: maroon} Background-color To set the background color Color name body{background- in your webpage color:yellow} Font-weight Used to bold text bold or 100, p{font-weight:300} 200…900 Font-style Used to italicize text Italic, oblique or p{font-style:italic} normal Text-decoration This property is used to add p{text-decoration: 1. strike-through marks 1. line-through underline} 2. underline 2. underline a{text-decoration: 3. overstrike 3. overline none} 4. to remove underlines from 4. none links Text-align This property is use to left, right, center h1{text- control the horizontal or justify align:center} alignment of any block-level text that are paragraphs, tables and other elements Font-family This is used to control the Font name p{font- fonts family:arial} 6  Property Use Value Example Font-size This property allows you to px, in, mm, cm, p{font-size:10px} control the size of the font pt Letter-spacing This helps in controlling the px, in, mm, cm, h1{letter-spacing: horizontal spacing between pt 5pt} characters of text Padding This property is used when Pixel h1{padding:30px} you want to add padding (blank spaces) around the content of an element. Border This property adds a border Solid, double, h1{border:double} to a webpage element groove, ridge, inset, outset, dotted or dashed Background-image To set an image as the url(''X'') body{background- background of your webpage where X is the image: path of image url('background. file jpg')} Background-repeat To set the background image repeat no-repeat background-repeat: to repeat or not repeat background-repeat: no-repeat Margin-Left Sets margin area on the left px,pt,cm etc. h1{margin- side of the element. left;10px} 3. External stylesheet : The external An external style sheet can be written style sheet is generally used when you in any text editor, and must be saved want to make changes on multiple with a.css extension. The external css pages. It facilitates to change the look of the entire web site by changing file should not contain any HTML tags. just one file. It uses the tag on Here is how the "style.css" file looks every page and the tag should like: be put inside the head section. Style.css For example : h1{color:navy;margin-left:20px} The output is as follows This is a heading 7 CSS Id Selector The class name should not start The Id selector selects the id with number. attribute of an HTML element to Let's take an example with a class "intro". select a specific element. An id is always unique within the page so it is unique element. It is written with the hash character(#), followed by the id name..intro{text-align:center;color:blue} This heading is blue and center-aligned. #para1{text-align: center; color: blue} This paragraph is blue and center-aligned. Hello Students The above code results as This paragraph will not be affected. Class Selector for specific element See the output as follows To specify only one specific HTML element should be affected then you should use the element name with class selector. Let's see an example : p.intro {text-align: center;color: blue} CSS Class Selector The class selector selects HTML elements with a specific class attribute. This heading is not It is used with a period character '.' affected (full stop symbol) followed by the class This paragraph is name. The Class selector is used when blue and center-aligned. you want to change a group of elements within your HTML page. 8 The output is as follows h1{ text-align:center;color:blue} h2{ text-align:center;color:blue} p {text-align:center;color:blue} As you can see, you need to define Universal Selector CSS properties for all the elements. It The universal selector is used as can be grouped as- a wildcard character. It selects all the h1,h2,p{ text-align:center;color:blue} elements on the Webpages. Let`s see full code as follows : * { color: green; font-size: 20px;} h1,h2,p{text-align: center; color: blue} This css style will be applied on Entire page.It does not check tag or plain text This css is applied to heading Hello Heading 1 Hello Heading 2 (In smaller it is applied to first font) paragaraph This is a paragraph. Also to second paragraph ! Output : Output : Group Selector The grouping selector is used to select Positioning in CSS all the elements with the same style CSS helps to position the HTML definitions. It is used to minimize the elements. The position property is used code. Commas are used to separate each to set position for an element. The selector in grouping. element can be positioned using the top, Let's see the CSS code without group bottom, left and right properties. selector. 9 Syntax : Output : Selector{position:value;top:value; left:value:bottom:value;right:value} Where values in positions are fixed, absolute, relative and values of top, bottom, left, right are in pixels 3. Relative Positioning : The relative There are four types of positioning in positioning property is used to set the CSS element relative to its normal position. 1. Static Positioning : This is a by- 4. Absolute Positioning : This property default position for HTML elements. sets an element in a specific location It is not affected by the top, bottom, and it is not affected by the flow of left and right properties. the page. This property positions the element at the specified coordinates 2. Fixed Positioning : This property relative to your screen top-left corner. helps to put the text fixed on the For example : browser. The FIXED property forces an element into a fixed position relative to the browser window. The fixed element will not move, even.first{position: relative;top: -10px; when the page is scrolled. right: -10px;} h2{position: absolute; Let`s see the example : left:100px;top:150px} This is heading 1 p.fixed{position: fixed; top: 50px; right: 5px; color: blue} This is heading 2 Output : This is paragraph 1 This is paragraph 2 This is paragraph 3 This is the fix positioned text. 10  In above output the Level 1 headings Balbharati with class=“first"have a relative position 10 pixels above and 10 pixels to the right This text rearranges itself to flow of it’s original position. around the element that is floated right. All level 2 headings will be positioned 100 pixels from the left of the browser window and 150 pixels from the top of Output the browser window. Float Property Float is a CSS property written in CSS file or directly in the style of an element. Display property The float property defines the flow of content. The Display property in CSS defines how the components (div, hyperlink, Following are the types of floating heading, etc) are going to be placed on properties : the web page. It specifies how the element 1. float : left : This keeps the element is displayed. As the name suggests, this float on left side of the container property is used to define the display of 2. float : right : This keeps the element different parts of a web page. float on right side of container Syntax : 3. float : none : This is default property Display : value; i.e. this shows the element as it is. Where values are : For example : Inline : It is used to display an element as an inline element. Float Example Block : It is used to display an element as an block element. It starts on a new.float-left{float:left;font- line, and takes up the whole width of the size:20px;background-color:gold} browser window..float-right{float: right; Inline-Block : This value is very similar font-size:20px;background-color:gold} to inline element but the difference is that Balbharati you are able to set the width and height. This text rearranges itself to None : The element is completely flow around the element that is floated removed. left. 11 Let's see an example Output : Based on the CSS properties studied so far, the representation of semantic tags p{ displayed in 11th standard textbook can display: inline; be coded as follows. } Example 1 : Use of semantic tags and CSS. welcome to balbharti Javascript HTML5 CSS header{background-color:pink;width:1 Output : 00%;height:20%} nav{background- color:skyblue;width:100%;height:20%} aside{background-color:grey;width:40 Example 2 : %;height:42%;float:right} section{background-color:lightyellow; width:60%;height:10%;float:left} article{background-color:violet;width: Example of CSS display 60%;height:40%} footer{background-color:orange;width a{ :100%;height:10%} display : block; background-color:orange; } HTML5 includes new semantics It includes semantic tags like Visit balbharti header, footer, nav Example of complete HTML5 Basics The markup of the future under 12 development. forum posts or individual comments. The nav element represents a section of navigation links. It is suitable for either site © 2018 Balbharti. navigation or a table of contents. http://www.w3schools.com Balbharti website 1.5 Ordered list or numbered list The tag defines an ordered Other education based websites of State list. An ordered list can be numerical or State alphabetical. Board website Pune university Attributes of tag- website Attribute Values Description Type "1" 1 is default value and Impressive Web Designing /"a"/"I"/"i" other values specify The aside element is for content the numbering type for that is tangentially related to the content around the used items. it, and is typically useful for marking up sidebars. Reversed Reversed This attribute specifies that the items of the list are specified in the Articles on:Article tag reverse order. Start Number Specifies the starting The article element represents an number of the first independent section of a document, page or site. item in an ordered list. It is suitable for content like news or blog articles, 13  Output : List of Topics Basics of IT HTML 5 PostgreSQL List of Topics start with series 1.6 Unordered list or bulleted list 50 An unordered list created using the Basics of IT tag, and each list item starts with HTML 5 the tag. The list items in unordered PostgreSQL lists are marked with bullets (small black circles), by default. Output : Example : 1 Example of HTML Unordered List HTML Unordered List Basics of IT HTML 5 Example 2 : PostgreSQL Output : List of Topics in reverse sequence Basics of IT HTML 5 PostgreSQL 14  Attributes of tag Attribute Values Description Type = disc/ style="list-style-type:disc" Sets the list item marker to a circle/square e.g bullet (default) (use style (css) instead of type style="list-style-type:circle" attribute in e.g HTML5. Sets the list item marker to a Type attribute is circle supported by style="list-style-type:square" previous e.g versions of Sets the list item marker to a HTML) square style="list-style-type:none" e.g The list items will not be marked Note : HTML5 does not support bullets, circle and square value of type attribute Example of HTML definition instead you use CSS style. List 1.7 Definition list Web To define a definition list tag is The part of the Internet that used. You can create items in definition contains websites and web pages HTML list with the and tags. The A markup language for creating tag is used to define the term whereas web pages the tag is used to define the term’s CSS definition. A technology to make HTML look Type the following code better definition List 15 Output : Multi level list : nested list Multi-level list Nested List Nested list List within another list either order Daily computing list or unordered list is called nested list. Web design Examples : Single level nested list html 5 hyperlink Inserting Images Example of HTML nested list conditional structure HTML Nested List If statment If else statement Introduction to IT case statement Introduction to DBMS loop statement Definition of DBMS applications of DBMS Advantages of DBMS Postgresql Output : Output : 16 1.8 Inserting audio and video in Attributes of tag HTML 5 Attribute Values Description HTML5 new specifications enables The audio will users to have a far more control over start playing as audio on webpages. Autoplay - soon as it is HTML5 features include native audio ready and video support without the need for The audio Flash. HTML5 includes special elements controls should (tags) allowing to include video and Controls - be displayed audio and to define controls. (i.e. play/pause button etc.) Common Audio Formats : The audio will mp3 : An audio format from start over MPEG(Moving / Motion Pictures Experts loop - again, every Group). time it is aac : Advanced Audio Coding, standard finished format on Iphone, youtube etc. This Specifies ogg : An Open container and free audio that the audio muted - format. output should be muted Tag Specifies the The element enables you to src URL URL of the embed(or add) audio files on Webpages. audio file Declare the audio tag, and specify the source attribute with the Audio file Example : location. Syntax : Audio Sample Note: Autoplay, controls, muted are without any values. Browsers have their own policies. Autoplay attribute is supported by Microsoft Edge or Firfox, Output : when the permission from 'Privacy & Security' panel is set as 'Allow Audio Autoplay'. 17 In previous code Tag The controls attribute is used to add The HTML tag is used to audio controls such as play, pause, and embed video into your web page, it has volume. several video sources. The"source"element is used to specify There are three different formats that the audio files which the browser may are commonly supported by web browsers use. –.mp4,.Ogg and.WebM. Adding audio with multiple sources : Syntax : Multiple sources of audios are specified so that if the browser is unable to play the first source then it will Attributes of tag : automatically jump to the second source. tag Attribute Values Description The tag is used to specify Defines link to Src URL multiple media resources for media video file elements. It is used with and Specifies that both. the video will autoplay - start playing as Example : soon as it is ready Specifies that video controls Audio Sample should be controls - displayed (such button etc). height Pixels of the video Specifies that the video will loop Value start over again, every time it is finished Output : Specifies that the audio output muted - of the video should be muted 18 Attribute Values Description Output : Specifies an image to be shown while the video is poster URL downloading, or until the user hits the play button Specifies if and 1. auto how the author 2. metadata thinks the video preload 3. none should be 1.9 Image map in HTML 5 loaded when the An image with multiple hyperlinks is webpage loads called an image map. Sets the width Image map is used to connect links width Pixels of the video to different regions on the webpage. An player Image map is created by marking certain The tag is used to specify regions on an image clickable. These multiple media resources for video as clickable regions are called as hotspots. well as audio media elements. Image Maps are of two types; Client Side and Server Side. We will confine Example : only to Client Side image map. The tags used to define client side image map are 1. : It is used to insert an image on a web page. To create a client side is used with value which is preceded acts as a pointer which indicates that 2. : It has only one attribute Your browser does not support the name. It specifies name of the image video tag. used for client side image map. The value of the name attribute is the value specified in usemap attribute of. 19 3) - It defines specific clickable Example : Image Map with element regions. A given element can and contain multiple element within it. is singular tag and is paired. Attributes of : image map Attribute Description An example of Image Map Defines the URL to which the clickable region It can value rect, circle or Shape the clickable regions on rectangular area with coords co-ordinates. Poly-Defines a polygon region with co-ordinates (In the above program great_wall_ specifying each point on china.html is a local file created on the the polygon. It requires machine.) four co-ordinates. Default-Region covers the entire image. No 1.10 INLINE FRAME IN HTML5 co-ordinates are required The element creates an inline frame. Inline frames are often used Specifies extra in online advertising, where the contents information about of the is an advertisement alt clickable area. It is the alternative text to the from an external party. HTML5 allows clickable region. the incorporation to be seamless (no scrollbars, borders, margins etc). 20 Attributes of : 1.11 Website Hosting Attribute Values Description In this chapter we have seen how to Specifies the create a website. But just creating of a address of the website is not sufficient. One has to make Src URL document to the website available on the Internet. embed in the These web pages are to be stored in the web servers that are connected to the Specifies the Internet, to be made available to others. Height Pixel height of an What is web hosting? Specifies the Web hosting is the service of providing Width Pixels width of an storage space. The website is made available on the Internet with the help of Specifies name of web hosting. Text an Name What is Web Host? Specifies the The companies that provides web HTML_ HTML content of hosting services are called web hosts. srcdoc code the page to show Web hosts own and manage web servers. in the These web servers offer uninterrupted Internet connectivity. For example : Types of Web hosting : Types of web hosting are 1. Shared hosting : It is cost effective. It HTML Iframes gives domain name to your website. This is the example of iframes. websites which provide you free hosting of the website for limited period of time. Output : 3. Dedicated hosting : These are paid hosting servers for large websites. Note : You can buy your own web server space, but it is the most expensive way to publish your website. Though it is very expensive, but it gives you a lot of control over your website. 21  For information purpose only Prerequisites for Free Web Hosting : webpages including image, audio 1. Three to Four pages website having files etc) and click on "Logout" first or Home Page named as index. 10. Your website is ready with the sub html. domain as 000webhostapp.com 2. Computer with internet connection. e.g.it-xi-textbook.000webhostapp. 3. Gmail id with password. com 4. Need to toggle between two websites Acquire Domain Name : https://www.000webhost.com/ and 1. Open the website https://my.freenom. http://my.freenom.com com 5. Have to acquire free web space from 2. From Use social sign in Click on web server named 000webhost.com. "sign in" Login with your gmail id 6. Have to acquire domain name for and give password your website from my.freenom.com. 3. Click on "Services" --> Register a 7. Park the website domain address with New Domain free server website i.e. with 000web- 4. Type your website name and click on host.com. "check availability" button Redirect the domain free server name 5. Choose any domain(e.g..tk,.ml.cg to the domain website i.e. with my. etc) and click on "Get it now" if avail- freenom.com. able click on "CheckOut" button Steps to Acquire free webspace : 6. Set the free period to host the website, 1. Open the website https:// click on "Continue" button www.000webhost.com/ 7. From Review &Checkout page if the 2. Click on free signup Login with your Total Due is $0.00 then only select email id and password terms and conditions 3. verification email will be send to your 8. Click on "Complete Order" button e.g. email it-xi-textbook.tk 4. open your email and click on "verify 9. From Order Confirmation Screen email" click on "Click here to go to Client 5. Click on "Get Started" Area" button 6. From My Website page click on Park the website domain : "+Create New site" button Go to http://www.000webhost.com 7. Type your website name and any website perform the following steps first password 1. Select "MyWebsite"--> "Manage 8. e.g. website name as :- it-xi-textbook Website" -->dashboard-->Tools--> 9. From File Manager box select "Up- Set Web Address load" option to upload your web pag- 2. Click on "+Add domain" button then es. Home page of the website must be select radio button Park domain and named as "index.html" (Select all then click on "Next" button 22 3. Type the site URL acquired by you 2. "My Domains"-->"Manage Domain" from Freenom.com e.g. it-xi-textbook. 3. From Domain details screen click on tk. (Remember don’t give http or / or "Management Tools" --> any special character) "Nameservers" 4. Then click on "Park domain" button. 4. Change the radio button to "Use 5. You may see domain status as custom nameservers (enter below)" "pending" for sometime. Once it is and type the NameServer1 as through from the 000webhost side you "NS01.000WEBHOST.COM"and can see the domain status as "parked". NameServer2 as 6. Configure your domain's DNS "NS02.000WEBHOST.COM" provider to point to the 5. Click on "Change Nameservers" ns01.000webhost.com and button ns02.000webhost.com as your 6. Logout from the my.freenom.com nameservers. 7. Type the website address in the Redirect the domain to free server : browser's address bar to view your Now follow the final steps given website below through my.freenom.com website 8. The website can also be seen from 1. Sign in to my.freenom.com click on your mobile. Hosting is done. "Services"--> Summary  Html5 has introduced new types in like number, date, Tel, email, search, URL, range, month, week, color.  Few attributes of can be used for validation purpose.  is used by search engines to search information that is provided with the webpage. It is inserted in the  CSS- Cascading Style Sheet describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media.  CSS syntax Selector{Property1: value1; Property2: value2}  The tag defines an ordered list. An ordered list can be numerical or alphabetical.  An unordered list created using the tag, and each list item starts with the tag. The list items in unordered lists are marked with bullets (small black circles), by default.  To insert Audio and Video in a web page, and are used which specifies the source with the file location.  An image with multiple hyperlinks is called an image map. The usemap attribute acts as a pointer which indicates that the image is a client side image map.  The element creates an inline frame. 23  Exercise Q 1. Fill in the blanks. Q2. State whether the following statement is True or False. 1. The………………element is a staring element in an HTML, it 1. HTML is an Object Oriented indicates that document type Programming Language. definition being used by the 2. Charset is used for character document. encoding declaration. 2. The……………. is a tag in html 3. An unordered list can be that describe some aspects of numerical or alphabetical. contents of a webpage. 4. Multilevel list can be created in 3. The tag defines HTML 5. an……………… 5. Srccode specifies the HTML 4. An unordered list is created using content of the page to show in the the…………….. tag. 6. The ‘controls’ attribute is not 5. T h e … … … … … … … e l e m e n t used to add play, pause, and creates an inline frame. volume. 6. …………….tag is used to specify 7..cs is the extension of CSS file video on an HTML document. Q.3. Choose Single correct answer 7. If a web developer wants to add from the given options. the description to an image he must use ……… attribute of 1. ………………….element used tag. to create a linking image. 8. The……………… property is a) b) used to set position for an element. c) d) 9. The float property defines 2. The ……………tag is used to the………………..of content. embed audio files on Webpages. 10. ………………is used with a) b) elements that overlap with each c) d) other. 24  3. A programmer wants to define 4. Client-side image map can be range for age between 18 to 50, created using two elements he will use a form with following …………… and………... appropriate control. a) b) a) number b) compare c) d) c) range d) Textboxes e) 4. ……….character is used to Q.5. Choose Three correct answers create id in CSS. from the given options. a) % b) $ 1. Attributes of tag c) @ d) # is…………………….. a) href b) src Q 4. Choose Two correct answers from c) coords d) data the given options. e) alt f) usemap 1. List within another list 2. Attributes used with iframe either………list or………list is are……………….. called nested list. a) srcdoc b) name a) multilevel b) order c) att d) src c) unordered d) general e) href f) loop e) cascading 3. Following are the Form 2. Image maps are of two types controls…………… ……...........and ………….......... a) Network side a) email b) search c) label d) video b) Client Side e) tel f) audio c) Computer side 4. Attributes used with d) Server Side tag………………………….. e) n-compting a) autoplay b) href 3. A CSS rule set contains……….. c) controls d) cntrl and……………………............... e) loop f) bgsound a) Set b) selector c) post d) declaration block e) < > 25  5. CSS types are …………………, 1. The background colour of the ………...... and………………… company name should be in green. a) internal b) external 2. The text colour of the c) control d) inline company name should be red. e) loop f) style 3. The heading should be large with font ''comic sans ms'' 6. Positioning types in CSS 4. The description of the are…………………… company should be displayed in blue color in a paragraph. a) Static b) fixed c) absolute d)position 2) Write Html5 code with CSS as follows- e) dynamic f) nested 1. To create form to accept 7. Types of floating properties name,age, email address, are………,…………, ………….. from the user. a) left b) zero 2. Create a submit button to c) right d) all send the data. e) none f) dock 3. The heading of the form should have a background colour and a different font Q. 6. Match the pair style. A B a) Client side 3) Write Html5 code with CSS as 1) image map follows- 2) usemap b) CSS Property 1. Create ordered list with names c) bulleted list of tourist Cities. 3) color d) Image as a 2. Create unordered list with 4) submit tourist places of those cities. button 3. Divide the list into two 5) e) inserts an sections left and right by image using CSS. Q.7. Programs.  1) Write a program using html with following CSS specification- 26  2 E-Commerce and E-Governance Let us learn service to others then it is called as commerce.  E-Commerce – concept, advantages, One of the most popular activity on disadvantages and types. the Web is shopping. E-Commerce  E-Commerce Trade cycle. became possible in 1991 when the Internet  Various Payment modes. was opened to commercial use. Since that  Common forms of E-Commerce. date thousands of businesses have taken  Electronic Data Interchange. up residence at websites. History of  E-Governance-concept, advantages e-commerce is a history of a new, virtual and types. world which is evolving according to the  Various security measures. customer advantage. 2.2 Definition of E-Commerce 2.1 Introduction “E-Commerce can be broadly defined E-Commerce stands for Electronic as the process of buying and selling of Commerce. Before moving to the concept goods or services using an electronic of E-Commerce, let’s first, understand medium such as Internet.” what is commerce? E-commerce is also referred as a Commerce is an important part of a paperless exchange of business business. In simple words, commerce is information using EDI, E-mail, Electronic nothing but buying and selling of goods. fund transfer etc. That means when we buy a product or service from others or sell a product or 27  Difference between Traditional Commerce and E-Commerce : Traditional Commerce E-commerce Traditional commerce focuses on the ex- E-commerce trading activities are online change of products and services through via the internet and can be considered personal interactions so it is manual. automatic. Traditional commerce is limited to busi- E-commerce is 24X7, it can be done ness hours, mostly during the day. anytime day and night. As far as consumer interactions are con- E-commerce can be termed as screen to cerned, traditional commerce provides face interaction. face to face interaction. Traditional commerce is limited to a E-commerce is global and has no physical particular geographical location. limitation. Modes of payment in traditional In E-commerce modes of payments are commerce include cash, cheques and bank transfer, credit card, e-wallet, mobile credit cards. payment and many more. Goods and delivery of services is instant In E-commerce delivery of goods or with traditional commerce. services takes some time. Traditional Commerce’s scope is local. E-commerce’s scope is global. Advantages of E-Commerce : the cost of searching a product. E-commerce has enabled rural  Global scope : E-commerce provides areas to access services and products, the sellers with a global reach. Now which are otherwise not available sellers and buyers can meet in the to them. virtual world, without barrier of place (geography).  Anytime shopping : One other great advantage is the convenience. A  Electronic transaction : E-commerce customer can shop 24×7. The website reduces the paper work and is functional at all times, it does not significantly lower the transaction have working hours like a shop. cost. E-Commerce enables the use of credit cards, debit cards, smart cards,  No intermediaries : Electronic electronic fund transfer via bank's commerce also allows the customer website and other modes of electronic and the business to be in touch directly, payment. without any intermediaries. This allows for quick communication and  Cost Saving : E-commerce application transactions. provides users with more options to compare and select the cheaper  Public services : E-commerce helps and better option. It helps in reducing the government to deliver public 28  services such as healthcare, education, notification to the business social services at a reduced cost and organization via email and the in an improved manner. organization will dispatch the product/ goods to the customer. These B2C Disadvantages of E-Commerce : businesses are online retailers.  Setup Cost : The setup of the hardware Example : Amazon, Flipkart etc. and the software, the training cost of employees, the constant maintenance and upkeep are all quite expensive.  Physical presence : This lack of a personal touch can be a disadvantage for many types of services and products like interior designing or the jewellery business.  Business - to - Business (B2B) : In  Security : Security is another area of B2B model, business sells it’s products concern. Credit card theft, identity to an intermediate buyer who then theft etc. remain big concerns with the sells the product to the final customer. customers. As an example, a wholesaler places  Goods Delivery : There may arrive an order from a company's website some problem with fulfilment of and after receiving the consignment, order. Even after the order is placed sells the product to the final customer there can be problems with shipping, who comes to buy the product at one delivery, mix-ups etc. This leaves the of its retail outlets. Example : Tata customers unhappy and dissatisfied. communications (network provider). Types of E-Commerce : The most common participants in e-Commerce are business, administration, government and consumer. The primary e-Commerce types are as follows:  Business - to - Consumer (B2C) : In B2C model, business sells it’s products directly to a customer. A customer can view the products shown on the website. The customer can choose a product and order the same.  Consumer - to - Consumer (C2C) : The website will then send a In C2C model, consumer helps 29  consumer to sell their assets like 2.3 E-Commerce Trade Cycle residential property, cars, motorcycles A trade cycle is the series of exchanges, etc., or rent a room by publishing their between a customer and supplier that information on the website. Website take place when a commercial exchange may or may not charge the consumer is executed. A general trade cycle consists for its services. Example OLX, Quikr, of following phases: online auction.  Pre-Sales : It consist of two steps like Search and Negotiate. Customer search for required website for product to be purchased. In Negotiate step customer find a supplier who offers good quality product at cheaper price and then customer agrees the terms forwarded by supplier.  Consumer - to - Business (C2B) : In  Execution : This phase consist of this model, consumers have products Order and Delivery. Customer sends or services of value that can be an order for the selected product and consumed by businesses. For example, after processing the order, customer the comparison of interest rates of receives delivery of the product. personal loan/car loan provided by various banks via websites. A business  Settlement : This phase consist of organization who fulfills the Invoice (if any) and Payment. Invoice consumer's requirement within the means customer will receive a bill for specified budget, approaches the purchased product and after customer and provides its services. confirmation of received product, For e.g. - A blog can be written by an customer will pay for the same. author for a business to improve sale  After-Sales : This phase consists of of products, ebay. warranty and After Sale Services. In warranty period, customer will get all maintenance services for free or at minimum cost. After sale services means customer will do complaints (if any) about the performance of product and get maintenance service from the supplier. 30  money from bank account is usually fast and safer than withdrawing and paying in cash because every transaction will be authenticated by checking customer’s banking credentials. Example : NEFT, IMPS etc. 4. E-wallets : E-wallet is a type of electronic card which is used for Trade Cycle transactions made online through a computer or a smartphone. E-wallet 2.4 Modes of Payment is a type of pre-paid account in which a user can store money for any future online transaction. An E-wallet is protected with a password. Examples are State Bank Buddy, Paytm Wallets... 1. Credit Cards : Credit cards are the Do it yourself most common way for customers to Find out some more payment modes pay online. Merchants can reach out used in E-Commerce. to an international market with credit cards, by integrating a payment gate- 2.5 Forms of E-Commerce way into their business. Some common forms of E-Commerce 2. Mobile Payments : Mobile payments are as follows. offer a quick solution for customers to  M-commerce (Mobile commerce) : purchase on e-commerce websites. M-Commerce is the buying and Mobile payments are also commonly selling of goods and services through used on donation portals, browser wireless handheld devices such as games and social media networks. smartphones and tablets. As a form of Customer can pay by scanning a e-commerce, m-commerce enables barcode on an app on mobile. users to access online shopping Examples are apps like BHIM, UPI, platforms without needing to use a Paytm, Google Pay, Paypal,..etc. desktop computer. Some of application 3. Bank Transfers : Bank transfer is of M-Commerce are mobile banking, used when money is sent from one ticket booking, E-bill payment, online bank account to another. Transferring auctions, stock market trading. 31  technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems and automated data collection systems. Let’s see one of the common E-commerce technology i.e EDI. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) : EDI is the electronic interchange of  Social Commerce : Social commerce business information using a standardized is a form of electronic commerce that format; a process which allows one involves social media, online media company to send information to another that supports social interaction. It company electronically rather than on enable shoppers to get advice from paper. Business entities conducting trusted individuals, find goods and business electronically are called trading services and then purchase them. The partners. Many business documents can social networks that spread this advice be exchanged using EDI, two most have been found to increase the common documents are purchase orders customer's trust in one retailer over and invoices. It is computer-to-computer another. Social commerce is the use interchange of strictly formatted of networking websites such as documents via telecommunications or Facebook, Instagram and Twitter as physically transported on electronic vehicles to promote and sell products storage media. and services. The success of a social commerce campaign is measured by the degree to which consumers interact with the company's marketing through retweets, likes and shares. 2.7 E-Governance It signifies the implementation of information technology in the government processes and functions so 2.6 E-Commerce Technology as to cause simple, moral, accountable and transparent governance. The basic Electronic commerce draws on purpose of e-governance is to simplify 32 processes for all, i.e. government, access to the services anytime from citizens, businesses etc. at National, State anywhere. Furthermore, Many and local levels. Hence, E-governance services like license renewals and delivers SMART government. (S- Simple, paying tax are essential in G2C. M-Moral, A-Accessible, R-Responsive, It also focuses on geographic land T-Transparent Government) barriers. Advantages of E-governance : 2. Government-to-Business (G2B)  Reduced corruption The Government to business  High transparency is the exchange of services  Increased convenience between Government and Business  Direct participation of constituents organizations. G2B provides access to relevant forms needed to comply.  Reduction in overall cost. The G2B also consists of many  Expanded reach of government services exchanged between business Types of E-Governance : sectors and government. It aims at eliminating paper work, saving time, E-Governance is of 4 types depending on cost and establish transparency in the specific types of services. the business environment, while interacting with government. 3. Government-to-Government (G2G) The Government-to-Government refers to the interaction between different government departments, organizations and agencies. In G2G, government agencies can share the same database using online communication. The government departments can work together. In conclusion, G2G services can be at 1. Government-to-Citizen (G2C) the local level or the international level. Likewise, it provides safe and The Government-to-citizen refers to secure inter-relationship between the government services which enable domestic or foreign government. citizens to get access to wide variety 4. Government-to-Employee (G2E) of public services. Most of the government services fall under The Government-to-Employee is the G2C. It helps the ordinary people to internal part of G2G sector. reduce the time and cost to conduct Furthermore, G2E aims to bring a transaction. A citizen can have employees together and improvise 33  knowledge sharing. Similarly, G2E and desktops. It include services like provides online facilities to the AADHAAR card, DigiLocker, Bharat employees like applying for leave, Bill Payment System, PAN, EPFO reviewing salary payment record and services, PMKVY services, AICTE, checking the balance of holiday. The CBSE. It also provides utilities like bills G2E sector provides human resource payments, education, job search, tax, training and development. So, G2E is business, health, agriculture, travel, also the relationship between Indian railway tickets bookings, birth employees, government institutions certificates, e-District, e-Panchayat, and their management. police clearance, passport, other utility Some effective examples of successful services from private companies and implementation of E-Governance much more. projects are e-Mitra project (Rajasthan), e-Seva project (Andhra Pradesh), CET 2.8 Security Measures in E-Commerce (Common Entrance Test). E-Commerce security refers to the principles which guide safe electronic Do you know? transactions, allowing the buying and Digital India is a campaign launched selling of goods and services through the by the Government of India in order to Internet. make Government's services available A) Encryption : Encryption is widely to citizens electronically. Digital India used on the internet to protect user was launched by the Prime Minister of information being sent between a India Narendra Modi on 1 July 2015 browser and a server. This includes with an objective of connecting rural passwords, payment information and areas with high-speed Internet networks other personal information that should and improving digital literacy. be considered private. The process Some of the facilities provided consists of two processes as encryption through this initiative are Bharat net, and decryption. Encryption converts digital locker, e-education, e-health, Plain text ( readable form of data ) e-sign, e-shopping and national into Cipher Text (coded form of data) scholarship portal. means non-readable form of data. Decryption is exactly opposite process UMANG (Unified Mobile Application of encryption. It converts Cipher text for New-age Governance) Mobile App: into Plain text. It is a Government’s all-in-one single unified secure multi-platform, multi- Encryption is of two types- lingual, multi-service freeware mobile 1. Symmetric app for accessing over 1,200 central (Private-Key Encryption ) and state government services through 2. Asymmetric smart phones, feature phones, tablets (Public-Key Encryption ) 34  Encryption Decryption Plain text cipher text Plain text (readable form of data) (coded form of data) (readable form of data) B) Digital Signature : A digital signature C) Digital Certificate : A Digital is also known as an electronic Certificate is an electronic "password" signature. A digital signature that allows a person, organization to guarantees the authenticity of an exchange data securely over the electronic document or message in Internet using the public key digital communication and uses infrastructure (PKI). Digital encryption technique ( asymmetric Certificate is also known as a public cryptography) to provide proof of key certificate or identity certificate. original and unmodified In this information is transferred documentation. Digital signatures are between two authorized partners who used in e-commerce, software have digital certificates issued by distribution, financial transactions. some supreme authority. This is the direct transfer of information between two partners. Do it yourself Visit Maharashtra Government website, view various Government Resolutions (GR) and observe the digital signature of various authorities. 35  Summary  Buying and selling of goods or services on internet is called as E-Commerce.  Common types of E-Commerce are B2C, B2B, C2C and C2B.  When any business transaction takes place, it completes one trade cycle. Trade cycle consist of phases like presale, execution, settlement and after sale etc.  In E-Commerce commonly used payment modes are credit card, mobile payment, bank transfer, e-wallet etc.  Some common forms of E-Commerce are M-Commerce, social commerce.  Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is one of the most important technology for paperless exchange of information.  E-Governance is the implementation of information technology in the government processes and functions.  Types of E-Governance are G2C, G2B,