MPTH1-Module 1: Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality Management PDF

MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT 1 “THE PSYCHOLOGY OF TOURISM” Ms. Aira Mae Papa  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT THE PSYCHOLOGY OF TOURISM 1. Discuss the factors that motivate people...

MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT 1 “THE PSYCHOLOGY OF TOURISM” Ms. Aira Mae Papa  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT THE PSYCHOLOGY OF TOURISM 1. Discuss the factors that motivate people to travel 2. Differentiate the relationship of needs, wants and motives to tourist motivation 3. Describe the push/pull model  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT THE PSYCHOLOGY OF TOURISM 4. Explain the relationship between Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and the travel motivations listed in travel literature. 5. Identify the characteristics of travelers based on purpose of travel; and 6. Analyze the travel constraints.  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality It is an in-depth study of the nature and distinctive characteristics of each market segment of the tourism industry, client profiling including travel motivations and influences as it relates to aligning strategic and tactical solutions to the business.  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Psychology of Tourism -Psychology in tourism studies individuals who act as tourists. Therefore it is necessary to analyze tourism not only from the economic-geographical point of view, but also analyze behavior of tourists when exposed to emotional factors to protect their health and well-being. (Villamira, 2001)  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT BASIC TRAVEL MOTIVATORS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR CLASSES 1. Physical motivators - include those related trave involved in physical changes 2. Cultural Motivators - Include the desire to know about the history of the location, other people etc. 3. Interpersonal Motivators - pertain to the desirement for yourself and personal reason to travel Ex. Relaxation, for escape, to breathe etc. 4. Status and prestige motivators - concern ego needs and personal development. Included in this group are trips related to business, conventions, study, and pursuit of hobbies and education. Travel would enhance one’s recognition or knowledge and good reputation.  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT B. Travel as means to satisfy a need and want Needs - It is something that the person cannot live without Wants - It is something that the person can live without, and they can forego something they wanted to buy. PUSH/PULL MODEL The push/pull model explains the push and pull forces in human motivation. According to the push/pull model, there are push and pull forces in human motivation. Internal factors or personal needs “push” people to travel, while external forces or attractions “pull” them to certain destinations. Much travel is motivated by both push and pull factors.  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT MASLOW’s THEORY OF MOTIVATION AND TRAVEL MOTIVATIONS Abraham Maslow - a famous psychologist. He proposed the following Hierarchy of needs as determinants of behavior: 1.Psychological Needs- hunger, thirst, rest, activity 2.Safety Needs- safety and security, freedom from fear and anxiety; 3.Social Needs- love, affection, giving and receiving. 4.Self-esteem- self-respect and esteem from others; and 5.Self-actualization- personal self-fulfillment  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT “MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS”  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Need Motive Tourism Literature References Physiological Relaxation Escape Relief of tension Sunlust Relaxation Physical Mental relaxation of tension Safety Security Health Recreation Keep oneself active and healthy for the future Social Love and Family togetherness Affection Enhancement of kinship relationships Companionship VFR- Visiting Facilitation of socialinteraction friends and Maintenance of personalities relative Interpersonal relations Ethnic roots Show one's affection for familymembers Maintain social contacts Self-esteem Achievement Convince oneself of one'sachievement Status Show one's importance to others Prestige Social recognition Ego enhancement Professional / business Self- Personal fulfillment actualization  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT TOURIST MOTIVATIONS A. The need for escape or change According to Russ Johnston, a marketing research director, everyone is searching for change. Travel can provide diversity. B. Travel for Health Development in the field of medicine has influenced travel for centuries, giving rise to the concept of health tourism. The search for long life has popularized spas, seaside resorts, acupuncture, faith-healers. C. Sports Interest in sports, either as a participant or a spectator, is attracting large segments of the population. People demand activity and excitement during their leisure hours to relieve them from the boredom of their work.  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT D. Social Contact Much travel grows out of the social nature of people. Human beings are social animals. They need contact and communication with others. Ex. Tour group E. Status and Prestige Travels provides the means for ego and self-enhancement. Travel to a poor country can provide the traveler with a feeling of superiority or provide a means of mingling with the wealthy and social elite. F.Travel for Education The search for knowledge and truth is inherent in every individual. Travel offers an opportunity to satisfy the urge to learn. Once an interest has been developed in a destination area, the urge to see that emerges and the interest grows as knowledge increases.  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT G. Personal Values The notion for personal values is an important travel motivator. Many people are urged to travel to satisfy personal values, such as the search for spiritual experience, patriotism, and wholesomeness. H. Cultural Experience Studies conducted among travelers abroad reveal that seeking a new cultural experience is a primary reason for international travel. I. Shopping and Bargain Hunting To many people, the joys derived from buying certain goods may be the major reason for travel. Bargain hunting or being able to get special merchandise at a low cost is a travel motivator.  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT J. Professional and Business Motives This can be related for works, profession and engaging in a business K. Search for Natural Beauty Travel can satisfy one’s search for beauty in the environment and in the scenery.  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF TRAVELERS BASED ON PURPOSE OF TRAVEL A. Business Travelers 1. Business Travelers - attending Meetings, Conventions, Congresses they usually shoulder the cost of the trip 2. Regular Business Travelers - Cost of the trip is shouldered by a company 3. Incentive Travelers - It is a travel given by firms to employees as a reward for some accomplishment or to encourage employees to achieve more than what is required  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT B. Pleasure/ Personal Travelers 1. Resort Travelers - better educated, have higher household incomes, and are more likely to have professional and managerial positions. 2. Family Pleasure Travelers - motivated by 3 objectives: to travel as an educational experience for their children, to do something different and to bring family closer together. 3. The Elderly- persons in the 50+ age bracket are called active affluents or people with the money and the desire to travel extensively. 4. Singles and couples - they take their vacations to fulfill their psychological, intellectual, and physical needs by giving them the opportunity to rest, relax, escape the routine of pressures of daily living enjoy the naturalness of life, and to express total freedom. NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT TRAVEL CONSTRAINTS 1. Lack of money 2. Lack of time 3. Lack of safety and security 4. Physical disability 5. Family commitments 6. Lack of interest in travel 7. Fears of travel  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality Psychology of Tourism Different kinds of Psychology of Tourism A. Motivation for travel BASIC TRAVEL MOTIVATORS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR CLASSES 1. Physical motivators 2. Cultural Motivators 3. Interpersonal Motivators 4. Status and prestige motivators B. Travel as means to satisfy a need and want C. Relationship of Needs, Wants and Motives  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT PUSH/PULL MODEL MASLOW’s THEORY OF MOTIVATION AND TRAVEL MOTIVATIONS TOURIST MOTIVATIONS CLASSIFICATION OF TRAVELERS BASED ON PURPOSE OF TRAVEL TRAVEL CONSTRAINTS  NO. 1 MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT “The secret of success is to do the common things uncommonly well.” – John Rockefeller