Molecular Structure of DNA, RNA, and Proteins PDF

Molecular Structure of DNA, RNA, and Proteins Discovery of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Friedrich Meischer - first identified DNA as an acid substance present in nucleus and called it “nuclein”. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins - reveal the double-helix structure of...

Molecular Structure of DNA, RNA, and Proteins Discovery of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Friedrich Meischer - first identified DNA as an acid substance present in nucleus and called it “nuclein”. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins - reveal the double-helix structure of DNA through X-ray crystallography experiment. Discovery of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Friedrich Miescher - first idetified DNA as an acid substance present in nucleus and called it “nuclein”. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins - reveal the double-helix structure of DNA through X-ray crystallograpgy experiment. Erwin Chargafft – analyzed the nitrogenous bases of DNA (known as Chargaff Rules).  Adenines = Thymines  Guanines = Cytosines Discovery of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) James Watson and Francis Crick - proposed a structural model for the DNA molecule. based on: images presented by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins Erwin Chargafft’s rule Discovery of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) James Watson and Francis Crick - propose a structural model for the DNA molecule. based on: images presented by Rosalind Franklin and Marice Wlkins Erwin Chargafft’s rule Frederick Griffith - first bacteriologist to advance the hypothesis that DNA carries genetic material. DNA Structure Nucleus Portions of DNA are called genes. DNA is tightly wound Chromosomes into chromosomes and located in the nucleus of cells. Genes DNA cannot leave the nucleus. Segments of DNA  DNA Structure  is the blueprint for life contains genetic information. Double-helix or double stranded consist of interlinking nucleotide DNA Structure  Nucleotide is consist of:  Phosphate  Carbon Sugar Deoxyribose  Nitrogen base DNA Structure  Nitrogen base  Pyrimidine  Purine Pyrimidine Purine Thymine (T) Adenine (A) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Base pairing: T=A, C=G RNA Structure Ribonucleic Acid  Single stranded consist of nucleotide  Nucleotide is consist of:  Phosphate  Carbon Sugar ribose  Nitrogen base  Pyrimidine  Purine Pyrimidine Purine Uracil (U) Adenine (A) Base pairing: Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) U=A, C=G  DNA and RNA DNA RNA Sugar Carbon Sugar Carbon Sugar Deoxyribose ribose Base pair T=A, C=G U=A, C=G Structure Double-helix / Single stranded double stranded Location Nucleus Cytoplasm  DNA and RNA DNA RNA Sugar Carbon Sugar Carbon Deoxyribose Sugar ribose Base pair T=A, C=G U=A, C=G Structure Double-helix Single / double stranded stranded Location Nucleus Cytoplasm Examples  DNA RNA From To From To ATG TAC AUG UAC TAA ATT UAA AUU CGA GCT CAU GUA GCT CGA UCC AGG CCC GGG ACG UGC TGT ACA GUC CAG TAG ATC AUC UAG CAT GTA AGG UCC GAT CTA GGA CCU AAT TTA UCU AGA  Function of DNA, RNA and Proteins  Function of DNA, RNA and Protein DNA: repository of genetic information sequence of bases encodes the blueprint for life processes RNA: transcripts; transport amino acid sequence information from genes to ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesized Protein: functional products of genes; executes cellular functions