Summary

This document provides information on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), including its causes, symptoms, and diagnostic methods. It also outlines treatment options for OSA, helping students understand the condition's impact on health.

Full Transcript

OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA) Patho Cause Disease Course & Expected Findings Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Breathing stops during sleep 10 sec & 5x/hr Muscles relax during sleep →tongue and neck structures displaced→upper airway obstructed, but chest movement is not affected→Apnea leads to gas...

OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA) Patho Cause Disease Course & Expected Findings Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Breathing stops during sleep 10 sec & 5x/hr Muscles relax during sleep →tongue and neck structures displaced→upper airway obstructed, but chest movement is not affected→Apnea leads to gas exchange (hypoxemia), blood Co2 levels (hypercapnia) pH→sleeper wakes up (sleep deprivation) & corrects obstruction →cycle repeats Upper airway obstruction by the soft palate or tongue o Snoring (people do not hear themselves snore) o Excessive daytime sleepiness o Inability to concentrate o Irritability o Bedwetting or excessive urination at night o Reduced sex drive, fatigue, depression o Pharyngeal edema o Chronic OSA→increased risk of HTN, stroke, cognitive deficits, wt gain, DM, pulm & CV disease NUR3225 Module 2: OSA Updated 8/30/2020 MR 1 Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Risk Factors Diagnostics • • • • Obesity • Large Uvula • Short Neck • Smoking • Enlarged Tonsils or Adenoids • Oropharyngeal Edema STOP-Bang Sleep Apnea Questionnaire→A yes score to higher than three items indicate a high risk for OSA. Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) Overnight sleep study (Polysomnography) →directly observed for symptoms. Depth of sleep, type of sleep (EEG), respiratory effort (ECG), O2 saturation (pulse ox), & muscle movement (EMG) monitored NUR3225 Module 2: OSA Updated 8/30/2020 MR 2 Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Meds Procedures Complications & Nursing Care Modafinil (Provigil) – Not first line therapy. Promotes daytime wakefulness. May help patients who have narcolepsy (uncontrolled daytime sleep). Does not treat OSA cause. o Surgical management: ENT Referral →Adenoidectomy, uvulectomy, or uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, severe cases might need trach 1. Nonsurgical management: • Change Sleep position • Weight loss • Decrease ETOH • Avoid Sedative Medications 2. Setting Types a. BiPAP- MORE pressure when breathing in, LESS pressure when breathing out. b. APAP -Automatically Adjusts c. CPAP -CONTINUOUS Pressure, constant airflow NUR3225 Module 2: OSA Updated 8/30/2020 MR 3 NUR3225 Module 2: OSA Updated 8/30/2020 MR 4

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