Module2 - Computers (Part2).pdf

Computers MODULE 2 (PART 2) Elements of Computer Internet Internet is defined as an information superhighway, to access information over the web. However, it can be defined in many ways, internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks. Main Memory (RAM and ROM) The...

Computers MODULE 2 (PART 2) Elements of Computer Internet Internet is defined as an information superhighway, to access information over the web. However, it can be defined in many ways, internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks. Main Memory (RAM and ROM) The RAM (Random Access Memory) is the computer’s main memory. RAMs are integrated circuits (IC) or chips that can be used to store program instructions and data temporarily. The ROM (Read Only Memory) is a non-volatile type memory because the program and data stored into it are permanent. Like RAM , the ROM is also a chip. Main Memory (RAM and ROM) The RAM (Random Access Memory) is the computer’s main memory. RAMs are integrated circuits (IC) or chips that can be used to store program instructions and data temporarily. The ROM (Read Only Memory) is a non-volatile type memory because the program and data stored into it are permanent. Like RAM, the ROM is also a chip. RAM ROM Secondary Memory Secondary memory is also termed as external memory and refers to the various storage media on which a computer can store data and programs. The Secondary storage media can be fixed or removable. Input and Output Device An input device sends information to a computer system for processing, and an output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing. Input devices only allow for input of data to a computer and output devices only receive the output of data from another device. Input Devices Output Devices Classification of Computers Classification of Computers Classification of Computers Microcomputer A microcomputer is a small computer built around a microprocessor integrated circuit, or chip. Typically used microprocessors that integrated thousands or millions of transistors on a single chip. Now primarily called a Personal Computer or PC; also includes desktops and laptops Minicomputer Relatively small and inexpensive, minicomputers were typically used in a single department of an organization and often dedicated to one task or shared by a small group. Minicomputers generally had limited computational power, but they had excellent compatibility with various laboratory and industrial devices for collecting and inputting data. Mainframe Mainframe computers were characterized by having (for their time) large storage capabilities, fast components, and powerful computational abilities. They were highly reliable, and, because they frequently served vital needs in an organization, they were sometimes designed with redundant components that let them survive partial failures Supercomputer The most powerful computers have typically been called supercomputers. They have historically been very expensive and their use is limited to high-priority computations for government-sponsored research, such as nuclear simulations and weather modeling. Digital Age, Information Age and Computer Age Digital Age, Information Age and Computer Age Used interchangeably, the above terms capture the universal nature of computing and the productive use of technology in almost all aspects of human activity Definition continues to change over time as new technologies, user devices, and methods of interaction with other people and devices enter the domain of research and development. Media in the Digital Age Media normally refers to the means of communication that uses unique tools to interconnect among people. Forms of media includes television, radio, cellular phones and the Internet (involves social media sites) Media, in the digital age, can be considered the message, the medium and the messenger Media in the Digital Age THE MESSAGE The message itself for those who create and own the rights of content. Form of content can be user-generated or professionally produced. Example: blog/vlog Media in the Digital Age THE MEDIUM The tool(s) used in sending a message from the source to the destination, and lately allows for social interaction Example: television, social media sites Media in the Digital Age THE MESSENGER The one who delivers the message Example: Broadcasters being the messenger of news are called ‘media’ Evolution of Media The media has transformed itself based on two things: 1. How information is presented 2. How the connection is established Evolution of Media Overview of Current Trends IoT and Smart Home Tech ❑The vision of Internet of Things has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies. Controlling home appliances through mobile phone – switching lights on and off, setting the timer for ACU, controlling the TV to record missed shows Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality ❑The release of games such as Pokemon Go and the anticipated VR headset, Oculus Rift, served as a turning point for AR and VR technologies Machine Learning ❑Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy Automation ❑Automation is the use of technology to perform tasks with where human input is minimized. This includes enterprise applications such as business process automation (BPA), IT automation, network automation, automating integration between systems, industrial automation such as robotics, and more. Humanized Big Data ❑Big data describes large and complex volumes of data, can be analyzed for insights which can help make better decisions and come up with more effective strategic plans. ❑Example: Waze Physical-Digital Integrations ❑Physical elements are created into digital forms for more efficient operation and backup. ❑Example: Paperless company Physical-Digital Integrations Everything On-Demand ❑Due to prevalence of internet connectivity, it is possible to have information on demand. These days are made available through apps in smart phones ❑Examples: Music, movies, drivers (Grab), etc. Impact of ICT and Ethical Issues Positive Effects Improved access to education Access to information and communication Security Negative Effects Reduced personal interaction and physical activity Job loss or increase in unemployment Security Ethical Issues Plagiarism Exploitation Libel Software Piracy