Module-II-Basic-Biotechnology- PDF

TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY A glimpse into the world of Molecular Manipulation  LESSON OUTLINE 1 Fermentation 2 Tissue culture 3 DNA extraction  LESSON OUTLINE 4 DNA cloning 5 Gene coding 6 Gene gun and alternative tech...

TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY A glimpse into the world of Molecular Manipulation  LESSON OUTLINE 1 Fermentation 2 Tissue culture 3 DNA extraction  LESSON OUTLINE 4 DNA cloning 5 Gene coding 6 Gene gun and alternative techniques  LESSON OUTLINE 7 Cloning 8 DNA Sequencing 9 Genetic Modification  FERMENTATION Breakdown of organic compounds by microorganisms like yeast and bacteria, to produce energy and valuable by products. Basic of Fermentation Anaerobic Condition Byproducts: Alcohol Fermentation, Lactic Acid Fermentation. Controlled Environments  TISSUE CULTURE Cultivation of plant cells, tissues, or organs on specially formulated nutrient media. Explant-Small piece of a plant tissue Callus-Clump of cells DNA EXTRACTION Purifying DNA by physical and mechanical methods from a sample separates DNA from cell membranes, proteins, and other cellular components. Friedrich Miescher in 1869 did DNA Isolation for the first time.  DNA CLONING The process of making a genetically identical copy of a gene or organism Gene of interest is cut and paste into a vector, such as a plasmid, to form recombinant DNA  GENE CODING Instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein The instructions of these things are stored in a special code called “DNA”  CLONING MEANING Process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism The Greek word klan means a slip or twig  DNA SEQUENCING GENETIC MODIFICATION General laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule It offers a rich foundation for discovery, helping us understand life and evolution and find new approaches to the conservation of endangered species.  GENETIC MODIFICATION GENETIC MODIFICATION Genes are segments of DNA that carry genetic information and are associated with specific traits in organisms. Modifying genes involves altering their expression or structure to achieve desired traits. It can be in the form of: Knocking off/silencing - removing or deactivating certain unwanted genes Transgenic modification - isolating desired genes using enzymes and inserting them to a host to carry on the wanted genes  END OF PRESENTATION! PRELIM EXAM