Criminal Investigation Interview And Interrogation Techniques PDF

INTERVIEW AND INTERROGATION INSTRUMENTATION PHASES OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION MOD ULE 6  3 FOLD AIMS TO IDENTIFY THE GUILTY PARTY TO LOCATE THE GUILTY PARTY TO PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR HIS GUILT C R I M I N A L I N V E S T I G AT I O N 3 TRICHONOMY OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION -TRAINING -TOOLS...

INTERVIEW AND INTERROGATION INSTRUMENTATION PHASES OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION MOD ULE 6  3 FOLD AIMS TO IDENTIFY THE GUILTY PARTY TO LOCATE THE GUILTY PARTY TO PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR HIS GUILT C R I M I N A L I N V E S T I G AT I O N 3 TRICHONOMY OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION -TRAINING -TOOLS -TECHNIQUE POST FACTUM INQUIRY INFORMATION RIGHT PRINCIPLE IN INTERVIEW AND INTERROGATION The Right PERSON asking the Right QUESTION to the Right PERSON at the Right PLACE and at the Right TIME will get the Right ANSWER  It is done in a simple and friendly manner of questioning and mostly done among complainant, victims or witness. In an interview, the interviewee is willing and cooperate with the person INTERVIEW conducting the interview. INTERVIEWEE- the person who ANSWERS the questions and provides information INTERVIEWER- the person who ASKS the questions and guides the interview process. GOLDEN RULE IN INTERVIEW Never allow the interviewer to conduct nor let anyone to conduct an interview WITHOUT PRIOR VISIT to the crime scene.  GENERAL KINDS OF INTERVIEW COGNITIVE INTERVIEW- narrate their accounts WITHOUT INTERVENTION from interviewer QUESTION AND ANSWER- interviewee requires to answer the question posed by the investigator. PHASES OF INTERVIEW COGNITIVE PREPARATION APPROACH WARMING UP INTERVIEW  INTERVIEW FORMAT (IRONIC) IDENTITY Confirm and document the interviewee’s identity Build positive relationship RAPPORT Explain the purpose and process of the interview OPENING STATEMENT Let the interviewee narrate their accounts of events NARRATION Ask specific questions to clarify and expand INQUIRY the narration CONCLUSION Summarize the information and close the interview QUALITIES OF A GOOD INTERVIEWER ❑ RAPPORT- ability to build positive and trusting relationship with the interviewee ❑ FORCEFUL PERSONALITY- confidence and assertiveness to control the interview and ask tough question ❑ KNOWLEDGE ON PSYCHOLOGY/PSYCHIATRY-understanding human behaviour to better interpret responses and manage interview. ❑ CONVERSATIONAL TONE OF VOICE-friendly and natural tone to make the interviewee feel comfortable ❑ ACTING QUALITIES-ability to adapt and respond to different situations and emotions during the interview ❑ HUMILITY-respectfulness and openness, showing genuine ❑ interest in the interviewee’s responses without arrogance  INTERROGATION It is an intrusive or antagonistic in its approach as it question commonly suspects, accused or hostile witness (unccoperative witness) It is the vigorous and aggressive questioning of a subject Applied to an uncooperative or reluctant witness/suspect. INTERROGEE- the person who is BEING QUESTIONED during the interrogation INTERROGATOR- is the person who ASKS THE QUESTIONS and leads the interrogation process GOALS OF INTERROGATION 1. To find out the truth about the crime 2. To obtain an admission or confession of guilt from the suspect 3. To gain all facts in order to determine the method of operation or modus operandi and the circumstances of the crime in question 4. To collect information that guides investigators to arrive a logical conclusion  PHASES OF INTERROGATION (PAQTRR) PLANNING OF Prepare for the interrogation by gathering information, setting objectives and INTERROGATION planning questions APPROACH (Meeting the Interrogee) Establish strategy Heart of interrogation, ask questions to gather information. It QUESTIONING involves direct and indirect questions, Conclude the interrogation once enough TERMINATION information has been gathered Take notes in cryptic if possible,Document the interrogation TACTICAL INTERROGATION RECORDING process either written notes or audio/video recording means that the main goal of any interrogation is to get USEFUL information that can be used right away to take REPORTING The end product of interrogation is Tactical interrogation. action or make important Prepare a detailed report summarizing the interrogation, decisions findings and any relevant observations. INTERROGATION TECHNIQUES ❑ THE “OPEN TECHNIQUES”- open and direct approach ❑ THE COMMON INTEREST TECHNIQUE- exert effort to impress the interrogee of their common interest ❑ RECORD FILE (WE ALL KNOW TECHNIQUE)- all is known ❑ EXASPERATION TECHNIQUES (HARASSMENT)- Interrogee is placed in a longer period of interrogation without sleep or rest ❑ OPPOSITE PERSONALITY TECHNIQUE- “MUTT AND JEFF” “THREAT AND RESCUE” “BAD GUY-GOOD GUY” “SWEET AND SOUR” “SUGAR AND VINEGAR” “DEVIL AND ANGEL” –Use of 2 interrogators playing opposite roles. ❑ EGOTIST TECHNQUE- (Pride and Ego)- interrogee who has displayed a weakness or feeling of insecurity ❑ SILENT TECHNIQUE-employed against nervous or confident type of interrogee. Look out the interrogee squarely in the eye with sarcastic smile ❑ QUESTION BARRAGE TECHNIQUE- (RAPID FIRE QUESTIONING) intended to confuse the interrogee and put him into a defensive position. OTHER TECHNIQUES IN INTERROGATION ❑ EMOTIONAL APPEAL ❑ SYMPATHETIC APPROACH ❑ FRIENDLINESS ❑ TRICKS AND BLUFFS A. The pretense of solid evidence against the accused B. The weakest link C. Drama D. Feigning contact with the family E. Line up F. Reverse line up  INSTRUMENTATION Also called as CRIMINALISTICS OR FORENSIC SCIENCE The application of instruments and methods of physical science to detect and investigate crimes Refers to the process of employing scientific instruments in crime detection such as but not limited to bullet comparison, fingerprint comparator, polygraph machine and the like FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE 1. MARKING 2. TAGGING 3. MAINTAIN CHAIN OF CUSTODY PHASES OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION IDENTIFY THE PERPETRATORS LOCATE AND TRACE THE WHEREABOUTS OF THE PERPETRATORS PROVIDE EVIDENCE NEEDED FOR HIS CONVICTION PIECES OF EVIDENCE ARE PRESENTED IN COURT IDENTIFY THE PERPETRATORS METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION 1. CONFESSION/ ADMISSION CONFESSION- acknowledgment of guilt ADMISSION- acknowledgment of fact 2. EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY- when someone who saw the crime happen provides information about what they saw 3. CIRCUMSTANCIAL EVIDENCE- Indirect evidence that suggests someone committed a crime but doesn’t directly prove it 4. IDENTIFICATION THROUGH PHYSICAL EVIDENCE- using tangible items from the crime scene to identify the suspect A. ASSOCIATIVE EVIDENCE- items that can link a suspect to the crime scene B. TRACING EVIDENCE- items that can be traced back to the suspect or crime 5. CORPUS DELICTI EVIDENCE- evidence that proves a crime has actually been committed 6. IDENTIFICATION THROUGH FORENSIC SCIENCE- using scientific methods to analyse evidence and identify the suspect Example: DNA analysis (DEOXYRIBUNUCLEIC ACID)- used for identifying individuals based on their unique genetic profiles. LOCATE AND TRACE THE WHEREABOUTS OF THE PERPETRATORS CRIME SCENE – the place or location where the crime was committed PRIMARY CRIME SCENE- the place where the commission of the crime happened SECONDARY CRIME SCENE- the supporting evidence where found  PROVIDE EVIDENCE NEEDED FOR HIS CONVICTION EVIDENCE- is the means sanctioned by the rules, in a judicial proceeding, the truth respecting a matter of fact PHYSICAL EVIDENCE- tangible objects (solid, semi-solid or liquid) material that can be used to establish facts in a case ARTICLE- non living things that can be touch at the crime scene OBJECT EVIDENCE- anything that addresses in the sense of court. 3 MAIN SOURCES OF 3 CATEGORIES/KINDS OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE 1.PHYSICAL EVIDENCE -SCENE OF THE CRIME 2.CORPUS DELICTI -VICTIM 3.ASSOCIATIVE EVIDENCE -SUSPECT AND HIS/HER TRACING EVIDENCE ENVIRONMENT PIECES OF EVIDENCE ARE PRESENTED IN COURT The article must be properly identified Continuity of Chain of Custody must be established Competency must be proved, that the evidence is material and relevant MATERIAL- evidence that is significant and has a legitimate an effective influence to the case RELEVANT-evidence that makes a fact more or less probable than it would be without the evidence. A CASE SHALL BE CONSIDERED SOLVED WHEN THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS OCCUR ❖ The offender has been IDENTIFIED ❖ There is SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE to charge him ❖ The offender has been TAKING INTO CUSTODY and ❖ The offender has been CHARGED before the prosecutor’s office or court of appropriate jurisdiction