Module 5 Terms and Resource Guide PDF

Module 5 Terms and Resource Guide Information coding molecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins) are found in all living cells. The primary sequence of a protein is determined by sequences of DNA (or RNA) contained within the genome. A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a part...

Module 5 Terms and Resource Guide Information coding molecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins) are found in all living cells. The primary sequence of a protein is determined by sequences of DNA (or RNA) contained within the genome. A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein. In a multicellular organism, not every gene will be expressed all the time. The process of gene regulation determines what proteins will be produced, and when. This allows e.g. the pancreas to secrete insulin, and the salivary glands to produce salivary amylase. The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information in living things. It emphasizes a one-way flow, typically from DNA to RNA to protein. DNA makes a copy of its instructions in RNA (transcription), which is then used to build proteins (translation). These two processes proceed due to large molecules that act like molecular machines, including tRNA and ribosomes (made of ribosomal RNA). Transcription and Translation (Steps in Protein Synthesis) - Amoeba Sisters #Shorts NEED TO KNOW: Structure of nucleic acids Pay attention to the 5’ (phosphate) versus 3’ (hydroxyl) ends of the sugar-phosphate backbone, as these confer directionality onto strands of DNA or RNA. This is important because the enzymes involved in transcription and translation have directions that they move in along the strands. TRANSCRIPTION (most basic level): a sequence of DNA is converted to RNA using the following rule: TRANSLATION (most basic level): triplet codon (three nucleic acid bases in a row) codes for specific amino acid, following the universal triplet code: Structure and components of a Eukaryotic gene: Eukaryotic Genome Complexity | Learn Science at Scitable Regulation of Eukaryotic genes Can occur at multiple different points along the pathway between DNA and protein: Chapter 17. Regulation of Gene Expression – Introduction to Molecular and Cell Biology Eukaryotic Gene Regulation | Biology for Majors I