Module 5 Practical Research 2 1st Quarter PDF

12 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Quarter 1 Module 5 (Week 5) The Specificity and Feasibility of the Problem Posed Compiler/Contextualizer Reynaldo V. Moral, PhD MT-1, Don Sergio Osmeňa Sr. MNHS 1 ...

12 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Quarter 1 Module 5 (Week 5) The Specificity and Feasibility of the Problem Posed Compiler/Contextualizer Reynaldo V. Moral, PhD MT-1, Don Sergio Osmeňa Sr. MNHS 1  QUARTER 2 MODULE 5- (WEEK 5) THE SPECIFICITY AND FEASIBILITY OF THE PROBLEM POSED Content Standard : The learners demonstrate understanding of the Specificity and feasibility of the problem posed. Performance Standard : Formulate clearly the statement of research problem Competencies : 1. Writes a research title; 2.Describes the background of research. CS_RS12-1a-c-1 Learning Outcomes : 1. Presents written statement of the problem; 2. Examines the characteristics of a good research problem; and What I Know Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What statement that is clearly and vividly expressed in an interrogative or question form? A. Conceptual definition C. Research objectives B. Operational definition D. Research problem 2. What is known as the statement of purpose for which the study to be conducted? A. Conceptual definition C. Research objectives B. Operational definition D. Research problem 3. Which of the following is NOT a description of quantitative research problem statement? A. Conveys a sense of emerging design B. Expresses a relationship between variables C. Specifies a research hypothesis D. Specifies the research methods to be utilized 2 4. Which type of research questions that usually yield hypothesis testing or experimental study designs in which the researcher manipulates the variables to see what will happen? A. Factor-isolating questions C. Situation-producing question B. Factor-relating questions D. Situation relating questions 5. What type of research question for non-experimental research that determines the relationship among factors that have been identified? A. Factor-isolating questions C. Situation-producing questions B. Factor-relating questions D. Situation relating questions 6. What will happen when a problem exist and is worthy of research investigation? A. A fact exist and you intend to make your study explain it B. There are contradictory results C. There is an absence of information resulting in a gap of knowledge D. All of the above 7. Which of the following research problem that investigates an aspect of the instructional program followed? A. Gender Tracking in Social Studies Textbooks B. Historical Landmarks of Cebu City C. The Direct and Indirect Approaches of Teaching Practical research Subjects D. Value System and Attitudes of Radio Soap Opera Listeners 8. What should show a good statement of the problem? A. It includes the statistical procedures B. It is concerned only with inductive prediction C. It should imply the possibility of empirical testing D. It specifies the number of participants needed 9. What makes the statement of the problem as the first stage of the research process? A. It is a refinement of the initial ideas B. It is never complete until all the data are collected C. It is produced by adding the operational definitions D. It specifies the experimental manipulation 10. What are initial research ideas? A. These are almost always discarded B. These are put into declarative form C. These are research hypotheses D. These are stated as questions 11. When will a research problem feasible only? A. It has utility and relevance 3  B. It is new and adds something to knowledge C. It is researchable D. All of the above 12. From which standpoint that research problem is selected? A. Availability of relevant literature C. Financial support B. Financial report D. Social relevance 13. What part of research that determined by the major variables of the study as well as their respective variables? A. Construct of the study C. Scope of the study B. Importance of the study D. Significance of the study 14. Which of the following is NOT an example of research limitatio n? A. Access to the population of interest B. Researcher’s pool analytic skills C. Sampling technique D. Study degree of possible contributory factors 15. Which of the following shows the importance of the proposed study in the individuals and society? A. Background of the study C. Significance of the Study B. Scope and delimitation D. Statement of the problem Lesson The Statement of the 1 Problem What I Need to Know At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to: 1.Differentiate the general problem from the specific problems; 2.Compare the different types of research questions; and 3.Formulate the general problem as well as the specific problems.. What’s In Instructions: Doing a simple recall on how the research has been conducted or 4  the problem has been solved; identify the people or entities that will benefit from the research and the direct benefits they will get from it. Try to ask yourself on why they benefit with your study. Write your answer on a sheet of paper. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ What’s New Instructions: Analyze the picture below. Come up with three questions that prompt in your mind. From these questions, formulate a statement describing the problem exemplified by the picture. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=Polluted+river&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH9 04PH904&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9z4_F1e3qAhWixYsBH SuyBBEQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1024&bih=667 Discussion Questions: 1.Did you find formulating questions easy or difficult? Why? 2.How did the questions help you formulate the statement of the problem? 3.Why is it necessary to formulate good questions when analyzing a problem? 5  What Is It Statement of the Problem After your title is approved, the statement of the main problem and sub- problems of your study may now be made. Research problem and research objectives have the same characteristics, but they differ in form because the former is stated in interrogative or question and the latter, in declarative form. Here is a guide for stating the problem (Vizcarra 2003; Calmorin & Calmorin 2007; Moral 2012): 1.The major problem of the study can be stated by briefly pointing out the objectives, the subject and the coverage as well as the time. Example: This study aims to find out the cultural diversity among radio soap opera listeners and its relationship between the social categories in the Barangay Sirao and Barangay Guba in Cebu City on March 2012 to summer 2012. The findings of which are made the bases in proposing radio programs that would enhance listeners’ positive values and attitudes. 2. Specify the sub-problems of the main problem. 3. Include all possible components under the sub-problems of the study. 4. State the sub-problems in either interrogative or declarative form. If the study is experimental, it is advisable to state it in the declarative form. 5. You should also have advance information on the instrument to be used for data-gathering. This will help you prepare the methodology of the study. 6. The statement of the problem must be brief, clear, specific, and relevant. According to Adanza and Vizcarra (2003), there are three levels of inquiry: Level 1. Level 1 questions are usually used in descriptive research. They usually start with “what” and are exploratory in nature. Example: What is the demographic profile of radio soap opera listeners along the following social categories: age, gender, civil status, educational background, occupation, and religion? Level 2. Level 2 questions ask relationships or differences between in independent variables and dependent variables. Examples: 1.Is there a significant correlation between the profile of the attitudes and the values of radio soap opera listeners? 6  2.Is there a significant difference between the groups of res- pondents on their type of radio soap operas listened to? Level 3. Level 3 questions are usually stated in “why” and “how” questions. Examples: 1. How do demographic factors tend to influence the respon- dents’ values and attitudes? 2. To what extent do listeners manifest the degree of serious- ness of genres encountered in the listening of radio soap opera? There are two types of questions formulated for research. These are the non- researchable and researchable questions (Cristobal & Cristobal, 2016). Non-researchable questions are questions of value. These are questions that are answerable by “yes” or “no”. Researchable questions are questions of value, opinions, or policy raised to gather data. The basic form of a research question involves the use of question words such as who, what, where, when, why, and how. Other Types of Research Questions 1) Factor-Isolating Questions. (“What is this?”) They are sometimes called factor naming questions. They isolate, categorize, or name factors and situations. Examples: 1.What is the profile of school managers in terms of: 2.What is the level of school effectiveness in terms of: 2) Factor-Relating Questions. (“What is happening here?”)Their goal is to determine the relationship among factors that have been identified. These are usually questions for a non-experimental type of research. Examples:.How does the study influence the achievement level of: 2.What relationships of the level of performance of: 3) Situation-Relating Questions. (“What will happen if…?”) These questions usually yield hypotheses testing or experimental study designs in which the researcher manipulates the variables to see what will happen. Examples: 1.What are the effects of the traditional methods of teaching on the level of: 2.What is the difference between the degree of assistance by: 7  4) Situation-Producing Questions. (“How Can I make it Happen?”) These questions establish explicit goals for actions, develop plans or prescriptions to achieve goals, and specify the conditions under which these goals will be accomplished. Examples: 1. Based on the findings, what human relation intervention program Can be adopted to: 2. What policy is to be formulated to manage the: What’s More Enrichment Activity #1 Instructions: Based on your understanding, what do you mean by the following concepts? Write your answer on a sheet of paper. 1. General problem 2. Specific problems 3. Guide for stating the problem 4. Levels of inquiry 5. Factor-Isolating Questions vs. Factor-Relating Questions Enrichment Activity #2 Instructions: Based from the given main problems of a research study, formulate at least three (3) specific problems. Make sure they are measurable. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1.To propagate yellow corn using tissue culture ___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Can changes in diet and upbringing compensate for genetic abnormalities? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ What I Have Learned Instructions: Recall every concept or topic on statement of the problem that you have learned in this lesson. Evaluate our understanding of an item by writing the concept or topic in the right column. Write your answers on a sheet of paper. 8  Excellent Average Little Poor Zero Learning Learning Learning Learning Learning What I Can Do Instructions: Give the “title of your research” and formulate the “statement of the problem”. Write your answers on a sheet of paper. Title of your Research: The researcher aims to ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ General Problem: Specifically, the researcher seeks to answer the following questions: Level 1- ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Level 2- ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Level 3- ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 9  Lesson Scope and Delimitation 2 and the Significance of the Study What I Need to Know At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to: 1. Specify the different variables, sub-variables, and indicators of the study; and 2. Cite the potential benefits of the study.. What’s In Simple Recall Instructions: Answer the following questions briefly on a sheet of paper. 1.What is the difference between the general research problem and specific research problems? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2.How do you state general problem and specific problems? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3.What is the significance of the research problem in the entire research process? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ What’s New Instructions: List down as many examples as you can recall based on a category category your teacher will call out. Example: “soft drinks,” you have to list down the brand names of soft drinks that you are familiar with. Your teacher will determine who will proceed to the next round by calling out the minimum number of entries required 10  to proceed (for example, those who we able to list down 10 entries will proceed to the next round. The game continues until there is only one participant remaining. Note: The activity above is an online “name game”. For those who have no internet access, just simply list down national government’s program and compare it with the local government’s project/ordinance. Discussion Questions: 1. Did you find recalling related items for the category easy? Why? 2. How far did you advance in the game? What factors influenced your performance? What Is It The Scope and Delimitation of the Study Scope and delimitations are two elements of a research paper or thesis. The scope of a study explains the extent to which the research area will be explored in the work and specifies the parameters within which the study will be operating. For example, let's say a researcher wants to study the impact of mobile phones on behavior patterns of elementary school children. However, it is not possible for the researcher to cover every aspect of the topic. So the scope will have to be narrowed down to a certain section of the target population. In this case, the scope might be narrowed down to a group of 50 children in grades 3-5 of one specific school. Their behavior patterns in school may have been observed for duration of 6 months. These would form the delimitations of the study. Thus, delimitations are the characteristics that limit the scope and describe the boundaries of the study, such as the sample size, geographical location or setting in which the study takes place, population traits, etc. Additionally, the researcher might also choose to use some research tools and methodologies to collect data but not others. These delimitations might be imposed for practical reasons, such as lack of time or financial resources to carry out a more thorough investigation. The delimitation section of the study should explain why specific choices were made while others were excluded and how this might affect the outcome of the research. According to Cristobal & Cristobal (2016) the scope of the study is determined by the major variables of the study while sub-variables and their characteristics, attributes, or indicators serve as the limitation. It is beneficial to mention the locale or setting of the research and when the data 11 will be gathered. Indicators are the concepts or ideas the researcher has gathered from reading various literatures regarding the major variables and sub-variables. The researcher can express the indicators by a phrase or a sentence (declarative or interrogative). Example: SCOPE (Major variable/s) - level of behavior DELIMITATION (Sub-variables) – facial expressions during recitation, communication skills, body gestures INDICATORS For facial expressions: (Note: This can be quantified or measured using the Likert Scale points and empirical observations: 4- very visible, 3- visible, 2- invisible, 1- very invisible) a. The students smile when answering the questions b. The students manifest confidence in their facial expressions c. Mannerisms are noted in the face of the students d. Students seems to look surprised when asked about some concepts e. Different expressions are noted from the students Significance of the study is basically the importance of your research. The significance of a study must be stated in the Introduction section of your research paper. While stating the significance, you must highlight how your research will be beneficial to the development of science and the society in general. You can first outline the significance in a broader sense by stating how your research will contribute to the broader problem in your field and gradually narrow it down to demonstrate the specific group that will benefit from your research. While writing the significance of your study, you must answer questions like: Why should your research be published? How will this study contribute to the development of your field? In making the importance of the study, the macro to micro or from general to specific approach is ideal. If the study is “Research Climate and Productivity of SUCs in Central Visayas,” you may state the importance of the study using this approach (Vizcarra, 2003): The study is beneficial to the following: 1. Legislators 2. School administrators 3. Faculty 4. Researchers 5. Students 12  However, the sequence of the beneficiaries of the research may starts from the most benefitted to the least benefitted. The benefits must be specific and arranged according to the degree of significance (Cristobal & Cristobal, 2016). This study will be greatly important to the following: 1. Students 2. Teachers 3. School Administrators 4. Parents Difference between Delimitations and Limitations Delimitations refer to the boundaries of the research study, based on the researcher’s decision of what to include and what to exclude. They narrow your study to make it more manageable and relevant to what you are trying to prove. Limitations relate to the validity and reliability of the study. They are characteristics of the research design or methodology that are out of your control but influence your research findings. Because of this, they determine the internal and external validity of your study and are considered potential weaknesses. In other words, limitations are what the researcher cannot do (elements outside of their control) and delimitations are what the researcher will not do (elements outside of the boundaries they have set). Both are important because they help to put the research findings into context, and although they explain how the study is limited, they increase the credibility and validity of a research project. What’s More Enrichment Activity #1 Instructions: Answer the following questions briefly on a sheet of paper. 1.What are the major variables, sub-variables, and indicators of your study? List them under their corresponding columns. Major Variables Sub-Variables Indicators 13  2. Where and when are the data gathered? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Enrichment Activity #2 Instructions: Enumerate at least 3 beneficiaries of your study and the benefits they will receive from the results of your study. Cite at least 2 benefits for each beneficiary. Write you answers on a sheet of paper. Beneficiaries Benefits Received from the Result of the Study What I Have Learned Instructions:Answer the following questions briefly in a separate sheet of paper. 1.What is discussed in the significance of the study section of the research? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2.What is discussed in the scope and delimitations of the study? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ What I Can Do Instructions: Analyze the problem below and answer the questions on a sheet of paper. Problem: This study will look into the effectiveness of home quarantine 14  and social distancing in senior high school students during home based learning at Don Sergio Osmeňa Sr. Memorial National High School, Labangon, Cebu City. Questions: 1. Give the best title of the study. 2. Prepare the scope and delimitation of the study. 3. State the major and sub-variables. 4. Prepare the significance of the study. Assessment Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What is known as a justification of the importance of your work and impact it has on your research field, its contribution to new knowledge and how others will benefit from it? A. Assumptions C. Rationale B. Conceptual process D. Significance of the Study 2. What are those conditions where a research problem is NOT feasible? A. It can be researched B. it contains dependent and independent variables C. It has utility and relevance D. It is new and adds something to knowledge 3. How can we enhance the research objective? A. By making it more impartial B. By making it more reliable C. By making it more valid D. All of the above 4. Which one of the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of research as a process? A. Objective observation C. Systematic activity B. Problem solving D. Trial and error 5. Which of the following are NOT included as elements in defining the scope and delimitation of the study? A. Magnitude of the subject matter B. Research instruments used C. Research locale/environment D. Time/period conducted 15 6.What section of the study where it includes the coverage of the study area, the subjects, issues and concerns, and duration of the study? A. Conceptual framework C. Significance of the study B. Scope and limitations D. Theoretical framework 7. What are known as the concepts or ideas the researcher has gathered from reading various literatures regarding the major variables and sub- variables? A. Indicators C. Sub-variables B. Predictors D. Variables 8. Why is it important to have well formulated research questions? A. It gives greater clarity to the research process and what you wish to research B. It leads to more focused research C. It provides more structure to my work D. All of the above 9. Which of the following is NOT involved in developing a research question? A. Assessing the work involved B. Bearing in mind your technical expertise in the area of research C. Considering the time and resources available to you D. Deciding what statistical software to use 10. Which is NOT an operational step of the research process? A. Conducting a survey B. Formulation of a research question C. Selecting a sample D. Writing a research question 11. What will a researcher’s decision at the start of each research project? A. Journal report will be published in B. Many books to order from the library C. Many participants to include D. Research questions will be answered 12. What framework will the researcher remember in describing throughout the study which also needs to be delimited? A. Conceptual C. Scientific B. Philosophical D. Theoretical 13. What WH question will be used for the location or setting of the study or where the data will be gathered and to which entity the data will belong? A. How B. When C. Where D. Why 16 14. What WH question will be used for the subject matter of the study and the population from which they will be selected? A. What C. Where B. When D. Who 15. Which of the following is NOT a sub-variable for delimitation of the study? A. Body gestures C. Facial expressions during recitation B. Communication skills D. Level of behavior 17  Answer Key Module 5: Lesson 1 Module 5 Lesson 2 18 References Aquino, G.V. (1992). Fundamentals of Research. Mandaluyong City: National Book Store. Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical Research 2 (First Edition). Quezon City: Rex Bookstore. Calmorin,L.P.& Calmorin, M.A. (2007). Research Methods and Thesis Writing (Second Edition). Manila: Rex Book Store. Chico, A.M. & Matira, M.D. (2016). Practical Research for the 21st Century Learners (Quantitative Research), Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine Publications, Inc. Cristobal,A.P.& Cristobal, M.C. (2017). Practical Research for Senior High School 2. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc. Vizcarra, F.O. (2003). Introduction to Educational Research. Quezon City: Great Books Trading. https://www.editage.com/insights/what-meaning-scope-and-study https://www.editage.com/insights/what-is-significance-of-the- study-in-researchhttps://www.discoverphds.com/blog/scope-and- delimitations 19