Module 4_Operating System.pdf

Course Material BSIT Department Operating System Basics Module 4  Course Material BSIT Department Learning Outcomes - Understand the types of operating systems available - Differentiate among the major desktop operating systems - Explain...

Course Material BSIT Department Operating System Basics Module 4  Course Material BSIT Department Learning Outcomes - Understand the types of operating systems available - Differentiate among the major desktop operating systems - Explain how device drivers work - Explain computer file storage concepts  Course Material BSIT Department System Software System BIOS ▪ Stored on a ROM BIOS chip on the motherboard ▪ “Firmware” – both hardware and software ▪ Starts up the computer at a low level Operating System Utilities  Course Material BSIT Department Operating System  Course Material BSIT Department Operating System Platform: the hardware required to run a particular operating system ▪ Intel platform (IBM-compatible) Windows DOS UNIX Linux ▪ Macintosh platform Mac OS X ▪ iPad and iPhone platform iOS  Course Material BSIT Department Interface Types Graphical User Interface (GUI) Command-line interface  Course Material BSIT Department Utility Software - Protection from malware - Disk error correction - Disk optimization - File cleanup - Uninstallers - Registry cleanup  Course Material BSIT Department Desktop and Notebook Operating System - Windows: Best known, greatest selection of applications available - Mac OS: User-friendly, runs on Mac hardware. Many applications available - Linux: Free, but can be more challenging to configure; few applications available  Course Material BSIT Department Mac OS X Mavericks  Course Material BSIT Department Microsoft Windows 7  Course Material BSIT Department Ubuntu Linux  Course Material BSIT Department Google Chrome OS  Course Material BSIT Department Server Operating Systems Windows Server ▪ Familiar GUI interface for those experienced with Windows UNIX ▪ Very mature server capabilities, time-tested, large user community, stable Linux ▪ Free, customizable, many free services and utilities available  Course Material BSIT Department Windows Server  Course Material BSIT Department UNIX  Course Material BSIT Department iOS on the iPAD  Course Material BSIT Department Windows Phone OS  Course Material BSIT Department Device Drivers - Translate the OS requests into the language of the device - Translates messages from the device back to the OS - Published by the device manufacturer for a specific operating system and device model - Updates are periodically released that fix bugs and improve performance  Course Material BSIT Department Device Manager - Access from the Control Panel (System section) - Shows the installed devices - Shows driver details and versions  Course Material BSIT Department Digital Storage Vocabulary Drive: Physical storage device Volume: A lettered section of a storage device (a logical drive) Partition: To create logical volumes out of a single physical drive Format: To create the file system on a volume  Course Material BSIT Department File Systems File system: The storage system used to store and organize the files on a particular volume Common file systems: ▪ NTFS: Most Windows hard drives (Windows 2000 and higher) ▪ HFS+: Hard drives for Mac OS X ▪ ISO 9660 or UDF: CDs and DVDs ▪ FAT32: Hard drives for Windows 95/98/Millennium Edition  Course Material BSIT Department Disk Management Access from Administrative Tools in Control Panel  Course Material BSIT Department File Paths Root directory = top-level folder Path: the complete descriptor of a file’s location, including the volume and folders Path is written like this: E:\Budget\January.txt  Course Material BSIT Department File Paths Folder tree in navigation pane in Windows Explorer shows graphical representation of folder system  Course Material BSIT Department Files Extensions and Types Extension: characters after the period in a file name that indicate the file’s type Extensions tell the OS which application to use to open a data file Extensions tell the OS which files are executable (.exe or.com)  Course Material BSIT Department File Extensions and Types  Course Material BSIT Department File Compression ZIP files ▪ Individual files or groups of files ▪ Individual folders or groups of folders ▪ Creates a single compressed archive file ▪ Right-click a group of selected files, point to Send To, and choose Compressed (zipped) folder NTFS compression ▪ Can be applied to individual files or folders ▪ Invisible to the user ▪ In the Properties box for the folder, click Advanced and mark the Compress Contents to Save Disk Space check box  Course Material BSIT Department File Encryption Protects files from being accessed by unauthorized users NTFS encryption ▪ Only the user who encrypted the files can view them on the local volume BitLocker encryption ▪ Encrypts the entire drive so that it can’t be read if it is removed from the current computer  Course Material BSIT Department Backup Vocabulary - Archive attribute: File attribute that indicates whether or not a file has changed since its last backup - Full backup: Backs up all files and sets their archive attribute to Off - Differential backup: Backs up all files that have the archive attribute On but does not change that attribute - Incremental backup: Backs up all files that have the archive attribute On and then sets it to Off  Course Material BSIT Department Summary 1. List three types of system software. 2. What is the difference between an OS and a platform? 3. List five types of utility programs. 4. List three operating systems that would run on an IBM-compatible desktop PC. 5. Name three operating systems used on smartphones. 6. Explain the purpose of Plug and Play technology. 7. Explain the purpose of partitioning a drive. 8. Give an example of a complete path to a file, and explain the parts of the path.  Course Material BSIT Department References: Wiley, Computer Basics (2024) ISACA (2021), Computing Fundamentals: Study Guide O’Leary, D.A. et, al (2021), Computing Essentials: making IT work for you (Introductory) Crutcher, P.D. (2021), Essential Computer Science: A programmer’s guide to foundational concepts.