Module 4: Bioenergetics Reactions PDF

Module 4: Bioenergetics Reactions Presentation by: Daisy R. Tagufa PhD Educational Management 2 What is Bioenergetics? The study of energy in living systems (environments) and the organisms (plants and animals) that utilize them 3...

Module 4: Bioenergetics Reactions Presentation by: Daisy R. Tagufa PhD Educational Management 2 What is Bioenergetics? The study of energy in living systems (environments) and the organisms (plants and animals) that utilize them 3 Energy Required by all organisms May be Kinetic or Potential energy 4 Kinetic Energy Energy of Motion Heat and light energy are examples 5 Potential Energy Energy of position Includes energy stored in chemical bonds 6 Two Types of Energy Reactions 1. Endergonic Reactions ( Chloroplast) Chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy. Photosynthesis Light SUN Energy photons 6CO2 + 6H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2 (glucose) 7 2. Exergonic Reactions ( Mitochondria) Chemical reactions that releases energy Cellular Respiration Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O+ ATP (glucose)  Metabolism  The sum total of the chemical activities of all cells. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) 17 Breaking the Bonds of ATP  Process is called phosphorylation  Occurs continually in cells  Enzyme ATP-ase can weaken & break last PO4 bond releasing energy & free PO4 18 How does ATP work ? Organisms use enzymes to break down energy-rich glucose to release its potential energy This energy is trapped and stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) 19 How Much ATP Do Cells Use? It is estimated that each cell will generate and consume approximately 10,000,000 molecules of ATP per second 20 Coupled Reaction - ATP  The exergonic hydrolysis of ATP is coupled with the endergonic dehydration process by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule. ATP H2O H2O ADP + P 21 Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O → ADP + P (exergonic) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) P P P Hydrolysis (add water) + P P P Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)  Hyrolysis is Exergonic 22 Energy Used by Cells 23 Dehydration of ATP ADP + P → ATP + H2O (endergonic) Dehydration (Remove H2O + P P P Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) P P P 24 Dehydration is Endergonic Energy is restored in Chemic al Bonds