Tourism Policy and Development (Philippines) PDF

TOUR 109: TOURISM POLICY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT  MODULE OUTLINE Tourism Goals of Tourism 01 Planning 04 Development Legal 02 02 Tourism Policy 05 Considerations in Tourism P...

TOUR 109: TOURISM POLICY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT  MODULE OUTLINE Tourism Goals of Tourism 01 Planning 04 Development Legal 02 02 Tourism Policy 05 Considerations in Tourism Planning The Role of Local Tourism 03 Government in 06 Development Tourism Planning Policymaking and Planning Goals of Tourism Development Lesson Four Advocacy Platform sees tourism as an excellent thing to consider and implement used to generate foreign exchange, create employment for the locals, modernize a country, and uplift the poor communities' economic conditions "Tourism is an instrument for achieving national development" Cautionary Platform Highlights bad impacts of tourism poverty is concealed by tourism development Adaptancy Platform Alternative Approaches to Tourism ✓ Conservation of Nature ✓ Community Control Knowledge-based Platform views tourism from a holistic perspective mass tourism, when managed, may be sustainable ecotourism, when mismanaged, may become unsustainable SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT  INTERNATIONAL TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT UNITED NATIONS WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION  The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the most widely recognized and the leading international organization in the field of travel and tourism today. It serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues that provides moral leadership for the vast international tourism sector and is a practical source of tourism know-how for its members.  UNWTO attempts to facilitate world travel through the elimination or reduction of governmental measures for international travel, as well as standardization of requirements for passports, visas, then forth. WORLD TRAVEL AND TOURISM COUNCIL  The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), established in 1990, is the forum for global business leaders in travel and tourism. It comprises the presidents, chairs, and chief executive officers of 200 of the world’s leading Travel and Tourism companies from all geographies covering all industries. The industries include the following: accommodation, catering, cruises, entertainment, recreation, transportation, and travel-related services among others. The council is the only body that represents the private sector in all the industry sectors worldwide.  Ensuring the sector’s long-term competitiveness, inclusivity, and sustainability requires public-private collaboration and an enabling environment to address current and emerging challenges and opportunities for Travel & Tourism. Three Board Themes 1. Security and Travel Facilitation  Ensuring the sector’s long-term competitiveness, inclusivity, and sustainability requires public-private collaboration and an enabling environment to address current and emerging challenges and opportunities for Travel & Tourism. Three Board Themes 1. Security and Travel Facilitation 2. Crisis Preparedness, Management, and Recovery  Ensuring the sector’s long-term competitiveness, inclusivity, and sustainability requires public-private collaboration and an enabling environment to address current and emerging challenges and opportunities for Travel & Tourism. Three Board Themes 1. Security and Travel Facilitation 2. Crisis Preparedness, Management, and Recovery 3. Sustainable Growth 20 The SDGs emphasize the principle of inclusion of marginalized and vulnerable groups. These are groups who are victims of human rights violations and discrimination (Icelandic Human Rights Center, n.d.). These groups are at greater risk of suffering from natural disasters, wars, recessions, and pandemics. STRATEGIES TO ATTAIN THE SDGS IN THE TOURISM SECTOR 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39  Goals of Tourism Development in the Philippines Section 2 of the Tourism Act of 2009 states the goals of tourism development in the Philippines. According to the document, the State regards tourism as an “indispensable element of the national economy, making it an industry of national interest and importance." The Tourism Act essentially supported tourism development goals, first formalized in the Tourism Master Plan of 1991 to 2010. The objectives were to optimize tourism's economic contribution, enhance and contribute to local social cohesion and cultural preservation, develop environmentally sustainable tourism, and diversify destinations, attractions, and markets. The successor National Tourism Development Plan (2011-2016) was to "develop an environmentally and socially responsible tourism industry that delivers more widely distributed income and employment opportunities." The 2016-2022 NTDP amplified the goal to "develop a globally competitive, environmentally sustainable and socially responsible tourism industry that promotes inclusive growth. The country will achieve this goal through employment generation and equitable distribution of income, thereby contributing to building a foundation for a high-trust society." The 2023 – 20208 NTDP emphasized on the vision of “Establish a Philippine tourism industry anchored on Filipino culture, heritage, and identity, which aims to be sustainable, resilient, and competitive, in order to transform the Philippines into a tourism powerhouse in Asia. “ Legal Considerations in Tourism Planning Lesson Five ✓ Acts of Congress (Republic Act) ✓ Presidential Decrees ✓ Executive Orders Examples of Laws and their Relevance to Tourism Planning and Development  Laws that Explain the Rationale and Objectives of Tourism Development Presidential Decree No. 189 of 1973 - created the Department of Tourism and the Philippine Tourism Authority (now TIEZA). The decree states the policy of the State "to make the tourist industry a positive instrument toward accelerated national development;... and through which the Filipinos themselves may learn more about the natural beauty, history, and culture of their country and thus develop greater pride in and commitment to the nation.“ Tourism Act of 2009 (Republic Act No. 9593) - reorganized the Department of Tourism, and its attached agencies added new agencies to the DOT family, required accreditation for quality assurance of primary tourism enterprises, and promoted the establishment of Tourism Enterprise Zones among other things.  Laws that Regulate the Standards of Tourism Facilities National Building Code - covers policies, plans, standards, and guidelines on building design, construction, use occupancy, and maintenance. The Accessibility Law of 1982 (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) - requires public and private buildings and establishments to provide sidewalks, ramps, railings, and the like to enable access by persons with disabilities.  Laws that Protect the Interest of Vulnerable Groups Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 (RA No. 9262) - prohibits sexual violence against women and children, including prostituting them. Anti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 (RA No. 7877) - bans all forms of sexual harassment in employment, education, or training environments. Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 (RA No. 0208) - prohibits people's exploitation for prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery, involuntary servitude, or debt bondage. Thus, the adoption of minors, tours, and contract marriages for such purposes is prohibited. Magna Carta of Women (RA No. 9710) - reaffirms women's rights in all sectors to participate in policy formulation, planning, organization, implementation, management, monitoring, and evaluation of all programs,  Laws that Protect the Interest of Vulnerable Groups Indigenous People Rights Act of 1997 (RA No. 8371) - protects the rights of IPs to their ancestral domains, self-governance, and fundamental human rights, protects them from exploitation and discrimination, and promotes their rights to control activities entry of migrants into their territory. Magna Carta for Disabled Persons of 1992 (RA No. 7277) - promotes the attainment of a barrier-free environment that will enable disabled persons to have access to public and private buildings and establishments. Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003 (RA No. 7432, as amended by RA No. 9257) and further amended by Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 (RA No. 9994) - lists the rights and benefits of Filipinos over 60. These include 20% discount and VAT exemption on pharmaceuticals and other medical items and services, 20% discount on public transportation, and 20% discount on restaurants, accommodation, recreation facilities, and theaters.  Governance Laws ▪ Local Government Code of 1992 (RA No. 7160) - devolved the control and responsibility of delivering essential services to the hands of local government units (LGUs), (province, cities, and towns) from the central government agencies (national and regional offices), including the promotion of tourism, provision of tourism facilities, and regulation of tourism businesses. ▪ Seal of Good Local Governance Act of 2019 (RA No. 11292) - institutionalizes the giving of the award which provides incentives, honor, and recognition to LGUs that can pass all seven governance areas, namely: Financial Administration; Disaster Preparedness; Social Protection; Peace and Order; Business Friendliness and Competitiveness; Environmental Protection; and Tourism Culture and the Arts.  Laws that Promote Tourism-Related Investments Farm Tourism Development Act of 2016 (RA No. 10816) - aims to maximize the benefits from the complementation of agriculture and tourism by [providing] "the policy and enabling environment for the encouragement, development, and promotion of farm tourism in the country.“ Omnibus Investments Code of 1987 (EO 226) - grants fiscal incentives to tourism and other investments that contribute to economic development.  Environmental Laws Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA No. 9729) - mainstreams climate change, including disaster risk reduction, into government formulation of programs and projects, plans and strategies, and policies to build resilience to climate-induced disasters. National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 (RA No. 7586) - This law establishes and provides for the management of protected areas, including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and other conservation areas that are often popular tourism destinations. Coral Resources Conservation and Protection Decree of 1977 (PD No. 1219) - prohibits the gathering, harvesting, collecting, or exporting of ordinary coral without the DENR secretary's approval.  Environmental Laws National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act of 2001 (RA No. 9072) - aims to conserve, protect, and manage caves and cave resources for scientific, educational, recreational, tourism, and other purposes. Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act of 2001 (RA No. 9147) - prohibits introducing Exotic Wildlife species into the country without clearance from the secretary of the DEN or an authorized representative. Clean Water Act of 2004 (RA No. 9275) - prohibits discharging, depositing, and dumping any material into the water bodies, which could pollute or block the water body's natural flow and discharge, letting any material that could contaminate groundwater.  Environmental Laws Clean Air Act of 1999 (RA No. 8749) - prevents air pollution by prohibiting the registration of motor vehicles that do not pass emission tests, smoking inside a public building or an enclosed public place, and burning solid wastes. Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001 (RA No. 9003) - This law focuses on proper waste management and encourages waste reduction, recycling, and composting. It has implications for waste management practices in tourism destinations. Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (RA No. 10121) - aims to strengthen disaster resilience, enhance preparedness and response capabilities, and integrate disaster risk reduction and climate change into policy formulation and social services. DRRM is now part of tourism planning. THE TOURISM ACT AND ITS MAJOR PROVISIONS According to the Tourism Act of 2009, also known as RA No. 9593, tourism development aims to achieve several objectives. Among these are the following: To promote tourism awareness, preserve the country's diverse cultures and heritage, and instill a sense of history and a culture of tourism among the youth and the populace; To encourage competition in the tourism industry and maximize consumer choice; To facilitate planning in public and private sectors; To ensure a balanced and healthful ecology for the people; To ensure full enjoyment of the benefits of tourism by everyone, including indigenous communities; To promote the development of progressive transportation policies as they relate to tourism; To promote the convention industry; To alleviate poverty and promote balanced rural-urban development; According to the Tourism Act of 2009, also known as RA No. 9593, tourism development aims to achieve several objectives. Among these are the following: To ensure accessible and affordable destinations throughout the country; To maintain international standards of excellence in all tourism facilities and services; To promote tourism investments; and To ensure a sustainable funding mechanism for tourism policies, plans, programs, projects, and activities.  Principles of Tourism Development in the Philippines Nationalism Preferential treatment of Filipino nationals Protection of women and children Inclusiveness Research-based planning Responsible tourism Multisectoral participation by civil society and the private sector Continuous capacity-building of local government units Balanced rural and urban development Global competitiveness  Provisions under the Tourism Act of 2009 Mandatory accreditation for primary tourism enterprises; Requirement for local government units where tourism is a significant industry to have a permanent tourism officer; Promotion of tourism investments through the grant of incentives in tourism enterprise zones; Renaming of existing attached agencies; and Attachment of additional agencies. A Certification issued by the Department to a tourism enterprise that officially recognizes it as having complied with the minimum standards for the operation of tourism facilities and services. -Implementing Rules and Regulations of R.A. 9593  PRIMARY TOURISM ENTERPRISE TRAVEL AND TOUR TOURIST TRANSPORT ACCOMMODATION SERVICES SERVICES ESTABLISHMENTS MICE FACILITIES MICE ORGANIZERS TOUR GUIDES  SECONDARY TOURISM ENTERPRISE AGRI MALL REST AREA SPECIALTY SHOP RESTAURANT TOURISM GAS STATION ENTERTAINMENT TOURISM TRAINING CENTER ECOTOURISM COMPLEX RECREATION FACILITIES GALLERY MUSEUM SHOOTING RANGE ZOO  Tourism Enterprise Zone A Tourism Enterprise Zone (TEZ) is an area with a contiguous territory of at least five hectares in size; it has historical and cultural significance and environmental beauty. The TEZ includes existing or potential integrated leisure facilities that have or may have, strategic access through transportation infrastructure and good connection with existing utility infrastructure systems. The TIEZA is responsible for designating, regulating, and supervising TEZs, and tourism infrastructure projects in the country. The TPB is responsible for marketing and promoting the Philippines within and outside the country as a major global tourism destination, specifically a convention destination, catering to large-scale events, international fairs and conventions, congresses, sports competitions, and expositions. The lead agency for tourism development and promotion is the Department of Tourism.  Attached Agencies Tourism Investment Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA), formerly Philippine Tourism Authority Tourism Promotions Board (TPB), formerly Philippine Convention and Visitors Corporation (PCVC); Duty Free Philippines Corporation (DFPC); Intramuros Administration (IA); National Parks Development Committee (NPDC); Nayong Pilipino Foundation (NPF); Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving (PCSSD); and Philippine Retirement Agency (PRA) RA 9593 SHARED RESPONSIBILITIES Coordination : In view of the urgent need to develop a national strategy for tourism development while giving due regard to the principle of local autonomy..... ▪ The DOT, DILG and LGUs shall integrate all local tourism development plans by LGUs in the formulation and updating of the national tourism development plan RA 9593 SHARED RESPONSIBILITIES Coordination : DOT shall provide assistance, training and other capacity- building measures to LGUs for the preparation, implementation and monitoring of their tourism development plans / national tourism development plan, gathering of statistical data and enforcement of tourism laws and regulations RA 9593 SHARED RESPONSIBILITIES Local Tourism Development Planning: ▪ LGUs, in consultation with stakeholders, are encouraged to utilize their powers under RA 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991), and shall: o Prepare, adopt, implement and monitor their local of tourism development plan o Enforcement of standards for tourism enterprises o Collection of statistical data for tourism purposes RA 9593 SHARED RESPONSIBILITIES Local Tourism Development Planning: LGUs shall : Prepare local tourism development plans that integrate: o Zoning, Land Use and Infrastructure Development Plans o National System of Standards for Tourism Enterprises, o Heritage and environmental protection imperatives In a manner that encourages sustainable tourism development, community development and investment LOCAL PLANS  Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan Comprehensive Land Use Plan Comprehensive Development Plan Tourism Development Plan The Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (PPDFP) contains the physical framework plan and development plan of the province. It includes the province's long-term vision, goals, strategies, and implementation plan. It discusses the province's investment programming, budgeting, and implementation. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) CLUP is supposed to cover nine years. It identifies areas where development can and cannot be located and directs public and private investments accordingly. A CLUP contains thematic maps: hazard map, general land-use map, infrastructure map, institutional map, and tourism map. The Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) is an action plan covering the social, economic, infrastructure, environmental, and institutional sectors prepared by the Local Development Council. It is not focused on tourism alone. It is supposed to guide the formulation of tourism development goals. The CDP is supposed to be designed for six years TOURISM POLICY AND ITS INSTRUMENTS  Tourism Policy Instruments Economic Development, Cultural Richness, Competitiveness, Physical Integrity, Local Prosperity, Biological Diversity, Employment Quality, Resource Efficiency, Social Equity and Pro-poor Tourism, Environmental Purity, Visitor Fulfillment, Sustainability, Local Control, International Politics and Goodwill. Community Wellbeing, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMPETITIVENESS Researching and disseminating Mandatory tourism quality and information on future market classification systems could trends, strengthening the image therefore become voluntary and of the destination, securing be put into the hands of the effective market access, and private or voluntary sector providing helpful business (Fayos-Sola, 1996, p. 410). advice and support. SOCIAL EQUITY AND PRO-POOR VISITOR FULFILMENT TOURISM To provide a safe, satisfying, and This involves introducing fulfilling experience for visitors, policies and actions that available to all without specifically seek to channel discrimination by gender, race, tourism spending and income disability, or other ways. towards disadvantaged people Providing people, including the and the poor. Action may domestic population, with a include helping poor people fulfilling recreational and participate in the tourism supply educational experience from chain and supporting enterprise travel and tourism should be formation within poor seen as an aim in its own right communities. that is available without discrimination. LOCAL CONTROL COMMUNITY WELL-BEING To engage and empower local This is about careful planning to communities in planning and ensure that the local community decision-making about the does not suffer from tourism, management and future for example through traffic development of tourism in their congestion, noisy and area, in consultation with other disrespectful behavior, and stakeholders. Many of the competition for vital resources principles of sustainable such as water. development involve avoiding the imposition of decisions on local communities from above. CULTURAL RICHNESS PHYSICAL INTEGRITY There are many ways in which Maintaining the physical quality tourism income can be used to and appearance of the support the conservation of environment is critical to the cultural and historic heritage future well-being of the tourism sites and traditions, but at the industry as well as to local same time tourism people. Key to this is the siting development and visitor and design of new structures of behavior should be controlled all kinds and good upkeep of to ensure cultural richness and open spaces such as reduction authenticity are not lost of litter. (Shackley, 1995) BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY RESOURCE EFFICIENCY To support the conservation of To minimize the use of scarce natural areas, habitats, and and non-renewable resources in wildlife, and minimize damage the development and operation to them (D. Leslie, 1986). of tourism facilities and services. National parks and other This concerns inputs to the protected areas provide a tourism sector: encouraging hugely important resource for forms of tourism and tourism, and spending by management systems that are visitors is increasingly seen efficient, promoting alternative around the world as an essential energy sources, and component of income for encouraging a ‘reduce, reuse conservation. Management for and recycle’ mentality. conservation and tourism need ENVIRONMENTAL PURITY SUSTAINABILITY To minimize the pollution of air, Protection of the environment water, and land and the and social/cultural systems generation of waste by tourism (Krippendorf, 1982) (Briassoulis, enterprises and visitors. Some 2002, p. 1080) key issues for tourism include Government response to actual promoting fewer polluting or potential investments in forms of transport and tourism development in terms minimizing and controlling of strategies for environmental discharges of sewage into management (Puppim de sensitive environments. Oliveira, 2003). Adapting to climate change (R. Dodds & Kelman, 2008) INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND GOODWILL Peace and order International Politics LOCAL POLICY INSTRUMENTS TOURIST ENVIRONMENTAL TAX USER FEES One version of this is entrance Different levels of fees to protected areas. environmental tax can be imposed depending on demand. Charging higher taxes during the peak season can discourage visitation during that period and, thus, lessen the environment's pressure. Environmental fees may be collected to provide a steady stream of funds for a resort island's environmental cleanup, ACCREDITATION ECO-LABELS The government can bestow These can be applied to almost higher scores in accreditation to any product or service offered organizations that incorporate to tourists that satisfies specific water and energy-saving environmental criteria devices. (accommodation facilities, tour operators, beaches, restaurants, marinas, or tourist destinations). QUOTA ZONING Limiting visitor numbers in a Zoning regulation regulates or destination includes the closure prohibits construction activities of specific places, like in sensitive environments to environmentally fragile areas, at maintain those areas' natural certain times, establishing a beauty and environmental maximum number of health. accommodation units, and determining the maximum number of persons allowed at a particular tourist attraction, area, or whole country. ARCHITECTURAL GUIDELINES These guidelines can cover siting (where to build in the area), building height restriction (not taller than the trees in the area), maximum footprint (e.g. only 20% should be covered by buildings), materials, rooflines, use of endemic species for landscaping and several others.