Module 2 Exam 1 blueprint 521 pharm.docx

**The University of Alabama** ============================= **Capstone College of Nursing** =============================== **NUR 521 Advanced Pharmacology** ================================= **Exam 1 Blueprint and Study Guide** ==================================== +-----------------------+-----...

**The University of Alabama** ============================= **Capstone College of Nursing** =============================== **NUR 521 Advanced Pharmacology** ================================= **Exam 1 Blueprint and Study Guide** ==================================== +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Module Covered** | **Exam** | **Topic** | | | | | | | **Question | | | | Allocation** | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Module I: | 10 | - Legal Issues | | Foundational | | | | Principles of | | - Why should | | Pharmacotherapeutics | | APRNs have | | | | full | | | | prescriptive | | | | authority? | | | | | | | | 1. APRNs are | | | | educated | | | | to | | | | practice | | | | and | | | | prescribe | | | | independe | | | | ntly | | | | without | | | | supervisi | | | | on; | | | | however, | | | | some | | | | state | | | | laws | | | | require | | | | that they | | | | practice | | | | in | | | | collabora | | | | tion | | | | with or | | | | under the | | | | supervisi | | | | on | | | | of a | | | | physician | | | | | | | | 2. Advanced | | | | practice | | | | providers | | | | complete | | | | rigorous | | | | programs | | | | of study, | | | | largely | | | | in | | | | accredite | | | | d | | | | programs | | | | that meet | | | | stringent | | | | national | | | | standards | | | |. | | | | | | | | 3. National | | | | examinati | | | | ons | | | | validate | | | | the | | | | ability | | | | to | | | | provide | | | | safe and | | | | competent | | | | care. | | | | Licensure | | | | ensures | | | | that | | | | providers | | | | comply | | | | with | | | | standards | | | | of | | | | practice | | | | that | | | | promote | | | | public | | | | health | | | | and | | | | safety. | | | | In short, | | | | advanced | | | | practice | | | | providers | | | | are | | | | prepared | | | | to fully | | | | implement | | | | the | | | | advanced | | | | practice | | | | role in | | | | their | | | | professio | | | | n. | | | | | | | | 4. By 2025, | | | | the | | | | shortage | | | | of | | | | physician | | | | s | | | | will | | | | range | | | | between | | | | 46,100 | | | | and | | | | 90,400. | | | | | | | | - Who would | | | | benefit from | | | | this? | | | | | | | | 5. Those who | | | | have | | | | limited | | | | access to | | | | providers | | | |. | | | | | | | | 6. Taxpayers | | | | | | | | 7. Those | | | | covered | | | | by | | | | federal | | | | programs | | | | | | | | 8. APRNs | | | | working | | | | across | | | | state | | | | lines | | | | | | | | - Controlled | | | | Substances | | | | Classification | | | | | | | | - What is the | | | | definition of | | | | each | | | | schedule? Can | | | | you provide | | | | an example | | | | drug that | | | | fits in each | | | | schedule? | | | | | | | | 9. [Schedule | | | | I: | | | | ]{.underl | | | | ine} | | | | | | | | - The | | | | subst | | | | ances | | | | in | | | | this | | | | sched | | | | ule | | | | are | | | | those | | | | that | | | | have | | | | no | | | | accep | | | | ted | | | | medic | | | | al | | | | use | | | | in | | | | the | | | | Unite | | | | d | | | | State | | | | s | | | | and | | | | have | | | | a | | | | high | | | | abuse | | | | poten | | | | tial. | | | | | | | | - Examp | | | | les | | | | are | | | | heroi | | | | n, | | | | marij | | | | uana, | | | | LSD, | | | | MDMA | | | | | | | | 10. [Schedule | | | | II:]{.und | | | | erline} | | | | | | | | - The | | | | subst | | | | ances | | | | in | | | | this | | | | sched | | | | ule | | | | have | | | | a | | | | high | | | | abuse | | | | poten | | | | tial | | | | with | | | | sever | | | | e | | | | psych | | | | ic | | | | or | | | | physi | | | | cal | | | | depen | | | | dence | | | | liabi | | | | lity. | | | | | | | | - Consi | | | | sts | | | | of | | | | certa | | | | in | | | | narco | | | | tic, | | | | stimu | | | | lant | | | | and | | | | depre | | | | ssant | | | | drugs | | | |. | | | | | | | | - Examp | | | | les | | | | are | | | | opium | | | | , | | | | morph | | | | ine, | | | | codei | | | | ne, | | | | Dilau | | | | did, | | | | metha | | | | done, | | | | Demer | | | | ol, | | | | and | | | | hydro | | | | codone. | | | | | | | | 11. [Schedule | | | | III:]{.un | | | | derline} | | | | | | | | - The | | | | subst | | | | ances | | | | liste | | | | d | | | | in | | | | this | | | | sched | | | | ule | | | | have | | | | an | | | | abuse | | | | poten | | | | tial | | | | less | | | | than | | | | those | | | | in | | | | Sched | | | | ules | | | | I and | | | | II, | | | | and | | | | inclu | | | | de | | | | compo | | | | unds | | | | conta | | | | ining | | | | limit | | | | ed | | | | quant | | | | ities | | | | of | | | | certa | | | | in | | | | narco | | | | tic | | | | drugs | | | | | | | | - Examp | | | | les | | | | inclu | | | | de | | | | produ | | | | cts | | | | conta | | | | ining | | | | no | | | | more | | | | than | | | | 90 mg | | | | of | | | | codei | | | | ne | | | | per | | | | dosag | | | | e | | | | unit | | | | such | | | | as | | | | Tylen | | | | ol | | | | with | | | | Codei | | | | ne, | | | | bupre | | | | norphine | | | | (Subo | | | | xone®). | | | | | | | | 12. [Schedule | | | | IV:]{.und | | | | erline} | | | | | | | | - The | | | | subst | | | | ances | | | | in | | | | this | | | | sched | | | | ule | | | | have | | | | an | | | | abuse | | | | poten | | | | tial | | | | less | | | | than | | | | those | | | | liste | | | | d | | | | in | | | | Sched | | | | ule | | | | III | | | | | | | | - Examp | | | | les | | | | inclu | | | | de | | | | barbi | | | | tal, | | | | pheno | | | | barbital, | | | | chlor | | | | al | | | | hydra | | | | te, | | | | clora | | | | zepate | | | | (Tran | | | | xene), | | | | alpra | | | | zolam | | | | (Xana | | | | x), | | | | Quaze | | | | pam | | | | (Dorm | | | | alin). | | | | | | | | 13. [Schedule | | | | V: | | | | ]{.underl | | | | ine} | | | | | | | | - The | | | | subst | | | | ances | | | | in | | | | this | | | | sched | | | | ule | | | | have | | | | an | | | | abuse | | | | poten | | | | tial | | | | less | | | | than | | | | those | | | | liste | | | | d | | | | in | | | | Sched | | | | ule | | | | IV | | | | and | | | | consi | | | | st | | | | prima | | | | rily | | | | of | | | | prepa | | | | rations | | | | conta | | | | ining | | | | limit | | | | ed | | | | quant | | | | ities | | | | of | | | | certa | | | | in | | | | narco | | | | tic | | | | and | | | | stimu | | | | lant | | | | used | | | | for | | | | diarr | | | | hea, | | | | cough | | | | , | | | | and | | | | pain. | | | | | | | | - Examp | | | | les | | | | are | | | | bupre | | | | norphine | | | | and | | | | propy | | | | lhexedrine. | | | | | | | | - Prescribing | | | | Medication | | | | | | | | - What | | | | components | | | | are necessary | | | | when writing | | | | a | | | | prescription? | | | | | | | | 14. Prescribe | | | | r | | | | name, | | | | license | | | | number, | | | | and | | | | contact | | | | informati | | | | on | | | | | | | | 15. Prescribe | | | | r | | | | U.S. Drug | | | | Enforceme | | | | nt | | | | Administr | | | | ation | | | | (DEA) | | | | number, | | | | if | | | | applicabl | | | | e | | | | | | | | 16. National | | | | Provider | | | | Identifie | | | | r | | | | (NPI) | | | | number | | | | | | | | 17. Patient | | | | name and | | | | date of | | | | birth | | | | | | | | 18. Patient | | | | allergies | | | | | | | | 19. Name of | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | | | | | 20. Indicatio | | | | n | | | | of | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | (e.g., | | | | atenolol | | | | for | | | | hypertens | | | | ion) | | | | | | | | 21. Medicatio | | | | n | | | | concentra | | | | tion | | | | if liquid | | | | preparati | | | | on | | | | (500 mg/m | | | | L) | | | | | | | | 22. Dose, | | | | Route, | | | | and | | | | frequency | | | | of | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | (12.5 mg | | | | by mouth | | | | once | | | | daily) | | | | (Sig) | | | | | | | | 23. Number of | | | | tablets | | | | or | | | | capsules | | | | to | | | | dispense | | | | | | | | 24. Number of | | | | refills | | | | | | | | 25. If ok to | | | | use | | | | generic | | | | forms of | | | | drug | | | | | | | | - What factors | | | | should the | | | | APRN consider | | | | when | | | | prescribing | | | | medications? | | | | | | | | 26. A through | | | | History | | | | and | | | | Physical | | | | | | | | 27. Cost | | | | | | | | 28. Guideline | | | | s | | | | | | | | 29. Allergies | | | | | | | | 30. Availabil | | | | ity | | | | | | | | 31. Side | | | | Effects | | | | | | | | 32. Interacti | | | | ons | | | | | | | | 33. Liver and | | | | Renal | | | | Function | | | | | | | | 34. Monitorin | | | | g | | | | Parameter | | | | s | | | | | | | | 35. Special | | | | Populatio | | | | ns | | | | | | | | - What factors | | | | should the | | | | APRN | | | | considered | | | | when | | | | refilling | | | | medications? | | | | | | | | 36. Is this a | | | | newer | | | | medicatio | | | | n? | | | | | | | | 37. Am I | | | | changing | | | | the dose | | | | or | | | | frequency | | | | ? | | | | | | | | 38. Am I | | | | adding a | | | | new | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | to their | | | | regimen? | | | | | | | | 39. Is the | | | | patient | | | | having | | | | side | | | | effects? | | | | | | | | 40. When was | | | | the last | | | | time I | | | | saw this | | | | patient? | | | | | | | | 41. Do I need | | | | ot see | | | | them | | | | again | | | | before | | | | refilling | | | | ? | | | | | | | | 42. When do I | | | | plan to | | | | follow | | | | up? | | | | | | | | 43. Is this a | | | | schedule | | | | II | | | | medicatio | | | | n? | | | | | | | | - What is the | | | | benefit of | | | | collaboration | | | | during drug | | | | selection and | | | | prescription | | | | writing? | | | | | | | | 44. **Pharmac | | | | ist/Infectious | | | | disease | | | | MDs can | | | | help with | | | | additiona | | | | l | | | | informati | | | | on | | | | regarding | | | | drug | | | | interacti | | | | ons.** | | | | | | | | 45. **They | | | | have | | | | firsthand | | | | knowledge | | | | of | | | | formulary | | | |.** | | | | | | | | 46. **They | | | | can | | | | assist | | | | with | | | | dosing.** | | | | | | | | - Patient Education | | | | | | | | - What | | | | information | | | | should be | | | | included in | | | | patient | | | | education | | | | material? | | | | | | | | 47. \(1) medi | | | | cation | | | | name, | | | | | | | | 48. \(2) purp | | | | ose, | | | | | | | | 49. \(3) dosi | | | | ng regimen, | | | | | | | | 50. \(4) admi | | | | nistration, | | | | | | | | 51. \(5) adve | | | | rse | | | | effects, | | | | | | | | 52. \(6) any | | | | special | | | | storage n | | | | eeds, | | | | | | | | 53. \(7) asso | | | | ciated | | | | laborator | | | | y testing, | | | | | | | | 54. \(8) food | | | | or drug | | | | interacti | | | | ons, | | | | | | | | 55. \(9) dura | | | | tion of | | | | therapy. | | | | | | | | - Why is | | | | patient | | | | education so | | | | important? | | | | | | | | 56. Probably | | | | no other | | | | provider | | | | action | | | | influence | | | | s | | | | the | | | | patient\' | | | | s | | | | commitmen | | | | t | | | | to carry | | | | out a | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | plan more | | | | than | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | education | | | |. | | | | | | | | 57. This not | | | | only | | | | provides | | | | an | | | | opportuni | | | | ty | | | | to | | | | explain | | | | the | | | | importanc | | | | e | | | | of the | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | but also | | | | allows | | | | the | | | | provider | | | | to dispel | | | | rumors | | | | about | | | | medicatio | | | | ns | | | | that | | | | often | | | | lead to | | | | therapy | | | | failures. | | | | | | | | 58. Moreover, | | | | education | | | | reduces | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | errors by | | | | empowerin | | | | g | | | | patients | | | | with | | | | accurate | | | | informati | | | | on | | | | and clear | | | | guideline | | | | s. | | | | | | | | - Promotion of Safe | | | | Outcomes (drug | | | | monitoring and | | | | adherence) | | | | | | | | - What is the | | | | best way to | | | | promote | | | | positive | | | | outcomes with | | | | drug therapy? | | | | | | | | 59. Ensuring | | | | positive | | | | outcomes | | | | requires | | | | establish | | | | ing | | | | a | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | education | | | | plan, | | | | monitorin | | | | g | | | | positive | | | | and | | | | negative | | | | patient | | | | responses | | | | , | | | | identifyi | | | | ng | | | | and | | | | addressin | | | | g | | | | issues of | | | | nonadhere | | | | nce, | | | | and | | | | managing | | | | the | | | | patient\' | | | | s | | | | complete | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | regimen. | | | | | | | | - Why do we | | | | monitor drug | | | | therapy? | | | | | | | | 60. determini | | | | ng | | | | therapeut | | | | ic | | | | dosage, | | | | | | | | 61. evaluatin | | | | g | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | adequacy, | | | | | | | | 62. \(3) iden | | | | tifying | | | | adverse e | | | | ffects. | | | | | | | | - What are | | | | reasons that | | | | patient's | | | | will not take | | | | their | | | | medications? | | | | | | | | 63. Forgetful | | | | ness | | | | | | | | 64. Lack of | | | | planning | | | | | | | | 65. Cost | | | | | | | | 66. Dissatisf | | | | action | | | | | | | | 67. Altered | | | | Dosing | | | | | | | | - How can you | | | | address these | | | | as a | | | | provider? | | | | | | | | 68. Patients | | | | need | | | | adequate | | | | drug | | | | education | | | | to take | | | | drugs | | | | correctly | | | | and to | | | | avoid | | | | complicat | | | | ions | | | | associate | | | | d | | | | with | | | | therapy. | | | | | | | | 69. Monitorin | | | | g | | | | provides | | | | a method | | | | of | | | | ensuring | | | | safe and | | | | effective | | | | therapy. | | | | | | | | 70. Promoting | | | | adherence | | | | , | | | | by | | | | addressin | | | | g | | | | common | | | | causes of | | | | nonadhere | | | | nce | | | | proactive | | | | ly, | | | | can | | | | ensure | | | | ongoing | | | | therapy | | | | without | | | | interrupt | | | | ion. | | | | | | | | 71. Scheduled | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | reviews | | | | with the | | | | intent to | | | | optimize | | | | medicatio | | | | n | | | | regimens, | | | | based on | | | | patient | | | | experienc | | | | es | | | | and | | | | needs, | | | | can help | | | | promote | | | | positive | | | | outcomes. | | | | | | | | - Pharmacokinetics | | | | (is the study of | | | | drug movement | | | | throughout the | | | | body.a There are | | | | four basic | | | | pharmacokinetic | | | | processes: | | | | absorption, | | | | distribution, | | | | metabolism, and | | | | excretion), | | | | | | | | - Pharmacodynamics | | | | (is the study of | | | | the biochemical | | | | and physiologic | | | | effects of drugs | | | | on the body and | | | | the molecular | | | | mechanisms by | | | | which those | | | | effects are | | | | produced)., | | | | | | | | - and Drug | | | | Interactions | | | | (drug interaction | | | | occurs when | | | | another substance | | | | alters a drug\'s | | | | efficacy, | | | | effects, or | | | | safety. These are | | | | usually the | | | | result of | | | | interactions with | | | | other drugs, | | | | food, or | | | | supplements.) | | | | | | | | - Be able to | | | | define each | | | | of the four | | | | processes in | | | | Pharmacokinet | | | | ics: | | | | | | | | 72. Absorptio | | | | n: | | | | defined | | | | as the | | | | movement | | | | of a drug | | | | from its | | | | site of | | | | administr | | | | ation | | | | into the | | | | systemic | | | | circulati | | | | on. | | | | | | | | - The | | | | rate | | | | of | | | | absor | | | | ption | | | | deter | | | | mines | | | | how | | | | soon | | | | effec | | | | ts | | | | will | | | | begin | | | |. | | | | | | | | - The | | | | amoun | | | | t | | | | of | | | | absor | | | | ption | | | | helps | | | | deter | | | | mine | | | | how | | | | inten | | | | se | | | | effec | | | | ts | | | | will | | | | be. | | | | | | | | - Two | | | | other | | | | terms | | | | assoc | | | | iated | | | | with | | | | absor | | | | ption | | | | are | | | | chemi | | | | cal | | | | equiv | | | | alence | | | | and | | | | bioav | | | | ailability | | | | | | | | 73. Distribut | | | | ion: | | | | is | | | | defined | | | | as the | | | | movement | | | | of drugs | | | | from the | | | | systemic | | | | circulati | | | | on | | | | to the | | | | site of | | | | drug | | | | action. | | | | | | | | - Drug | | | | distr | | | | ibution | | | | is | | | | deter | | | | mined | | | | by | | | | three | | | | major | | | | facto | | | | rs: | | | | | | | | - b | | | | lood | | | | f | | | | low | | | | t | | | | o | | | | t | | | | issues, | | | | | | | | - t | | | | he | | | | a | | | | bility | | | | o | | | | f | | | | a | | | | d | | | | rug | | | | t | | | | o | | | | e | | | | xit | | | | t | | | | he | | | | v | | | | ascular | | | | s | | | | ystem, | | | | a | | | | nd, | | | | | | | | - t | | | | o | | | | a | | | | l | | | | esser | | | | e | | | | xtent, | | | | t | | | | he | | | | a | | | | bility | | | | o | | | | f | | | | a | | | | d | | | | rug | | | | t | | | | o | | | | e | | | | nter | | | | c | | | | ells. | | | | | | | | 74. Metabolis | | | | m: | | | | also | | | | known as | | | | biotransf | | | | ormation, | | | | is | | | | defined | | | | as the | | | | enzymatic | | | | alteratio | | | | n | | | | of drug | | | | structure | | | |. | | | | | | | | - Most | | | | drug | | | | metab | | | | olism | | | | takes | | | | place | | | | in | | | | the | | | | liver | | | |. | | | | | | | | - is | | | | perfo | | | | rmed | | | | by | | | | the | | | | hepat | | | | ic | | | | micro | | | | somal | | | | enzym | | | | e | | | | syste | | | | m, | | | | also | | | | known | | | | as | | | | the | | | | P450 | | | | syste | | | | m. | | | | | | | | - The | | | | term | | | | P450 | | | | refer | | | | s | | | | to | | | | cytoc | | | | hrome | | | | P450, | | | | a key | | | | compo | | | | nent | | | | of | | | | this | | | | enzym | | | | e | | | | syste | | | | m. | | | | | | | | 75. Excretion | | | | : | | | | defined | | | | as the | | | | removal | | | | of drugs | | | | from the | | | | body. | | | | | | | | - Drugs | | | | and | | | | their | | | | metab | | | | olites | | | | can | | | | exit | | | | the | | | | body | | | | in | | | | urine | | | | , | | | | bile, | | | | sweat | | | | , | | | | saliv | | | | a, | | | | breas | | | | t | | | | milk, | | | | and | | | | expir | | | | ed | | | | air. | | | | | | | | - The | | | | most | | | | impor | | | | tant | | | | organ | | | | for | | | | drug | | | | excre | | | | tion | | | | is | | | | the | | | | kidne | | | | y. | | | | | | | | - What is | | | | bioavailabili | | | | ty? | | | | refers to the | | | | amount of an | | | | active drug | | | | that reaches | | | | the systemic | | | | circulation | | | | from its site | | | | of | | | | administratio | | | | n. | | | | | | | | - What are some | | | | factors that | | | | can affect | | | | bioavailabili | | | | ty? | | | | Factors such | | | | as tablet | | | | disintegratio | | | | n | | | | time, enteric | | | | coatings, and | | | | sustained-rel | | | | ease | | | | formulations | | | | can alter | | | | bioavailabili | | | | ty | | | | and can | | | | thereby make | | | | drug | | | | responses | | | | variable | | | | | | | | - Explain how | | | | the same drug | | | | manufactured | | | | by different | | | | drug | | | | companies can | | | | have | | | | different | | | | absorption | | | | rates. | | | | Different | | | | formulations | | | | of the same | | | | drug can vary | | | | in | | | | bioavailabili | | | | ty. | | | | Factors such | | | | as tablet | | | | disintegratio | | | | n | | | | time, enteric | | | | coatings, and | | | | sustained-rel | | | | ease