Module 1.2.pdf

Lesson 2: Aging  Aging can be defined as the Classification of aging Objectively, ageing is a universal time-related deterioration of process that begins at birth and is the physiological functions specified by the chronological age necessa...

Lesson 2: Aging  Aging can be defined as the Classification of aging Objectively, ageing is a universal time-related deterioration of process that begins at birth and is the physiological functions specified by the chronological age necessary for survival and criterion. fertility. Subjectively, aging is marked by changes in behavior and self- Aging process is the process perception and reaction to biologic of growing old or developing changes. Functionally, aging refers to the the appearance and capabilities of the individual to characteristics of old age. function in society. Young Old (60 – 74 yrs), middle old (75-84 years), and old-old (above 85 years). The life expectancy of Indians are 65- 67 years CONCEPTS OF AGING THEORIES OF AGING Each theory of aging attempts to CHRONOLOGIC AGING provide a framework in which to BIOLOGIC AGING understand aging from different perspectives. PSYCHOLOGIC AGING Each theory is useful to the SOCIAL AGING clinician because a framework and insight into differences among COGNITIVE AGING elderly patients are provided. The theories of aging are classified into 1. Biologic theories 2. Psychosocial theories 3. Developmental theories 1. Biologic theories Biologic theories of aging attempt to explain why the physical changes of aging occur. Researcher try to identify which biologic factor have the greatest influence on longevity. 1. The programmed theory/ Biological clock theory 2. The run out of program theory 3. Gene theory 4. Molecular theory 5. Cellular theories THE NEUROENDOCRINE THEORY Author- Prof Vladimir Dilman and Ward Dean This theory elaborates on wear and tear by focusing on the neuroendocrine system.. IMMUNOLOGIC THEORY The immunologic theory proposes that aging is a function of changes in the immune system. The immune system weakens over time, making an aging person more susceptible to disease, increase in autoimmune disease and allergies THE MITOCHONDRIAL DECLINE THEORY The power producing organelles. Their primary job is to create Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and they do so in the various energy cycles that involve nutrients such as Acetyl-L-Carnitine, CoQ10 (Idebenone), NADH and some B vitamins etc. THE MEMBRANE THEORY OF AGING Professor Imre Zs. It is the age-related changes of the cells ability to transfer chemicals, heat and electrical processes that impair it. B. Psychosocial Theories Psychosocial theories of aging attempt to explain changes in behavior, roles and relationship that occur as individual age. This attempt to predict and explain the social interactions and roles that contribute to successful adjustment to old age in older adults. 1. The disengagement theory 2. The activity theory 3. The continuity theory The subculture theory C. DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES Developmental theories or life-course theories These theories trace personality and personal adjustment throughout a person’s life. Many of these theories are specific in identifying life-oriented tasks for the aging person. 1. Erikson’s 2. Havighurst’s 3. Newman’s 4. Peck’s 5. Jung’s theory APPLICATION IN NURSING FIELD Physical theories of aging indicate that, although biology places some limitations on life and life expectancy, other factors are subject to behavior and life choices. Psychosocial theories help to explain the variety of behaviors seen in the aging population. Understanding all of these theories can help nurses recognize problems and provide nursing interventions that will helping aging individuals successfully meeting the development tasks of aging.