Sikolohiyang Pilipino - Indigenous Psychology in the Philippines PDF

SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO  Mga Tagapag-ulat DELA ROSA, MERCED, MONTALBO, NICOLAS, JHON KEN PAULINE MILES MARIE ESTELLE ALECK ALYSSA BEATRICE PAYAD, PEUSCA, SANTOS, IRISH SOBREMONTE...

SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO  Mga Tagapag-ulat DELA ROSA, MERCED, MONTALBO, NICOLAS, JHON KEN PAULINE MILES MARIE ESTELLE ALECK ALYSSA BEATRICE PAYAD, PEUSCA, SANTOS, IRISH SOBREMONTE, ARAMIS ABBYGAYLE DENISE YESTIN  SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Modyul 1: Ang Konsepto ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Why Sikolihiyang Pilipino Matters for Psychology? M1 L1: Definition of Filipino Psychology Santos at Sobremonte L1: Definition of Psychology DEPINISYON Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology) refers to the psychology born out of experience, thought and orientation of the Filipinos, based on the full use of Filipino culture and language.  SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Module 1: Indigenous Psychology and National Consciousness M1 L1: A Historical Background Santos at Sobremonte L1: A Historical Background Psychological knowledge is traditionally held by the Babaylans L1: A Historical Background Dalangin (prayer) and Bulong (whisper) - are the rich sources of early filipino psychology The use of anting-anting (amulets) and other beliefs of resistance are rooted from early Filipino psychology L1: A Historical Background Early Filipino Psychology is founded in early literature, it can be through oral or scribbled sa bamboo: Salawikain (Proverbs) Bugtong (Riddle) Kwentong bayan (Folk Tales) Alamat (Myth) Epiko (Epic) L1: A Historical Background Zeus Salazar 1974 Historian and ethnologist Study the belief of two souls: Diwa (consciousness) and its counterparts L1: A Historical Background Distinctions among the forms of Psychology in the Philippines Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas (Psychology in the Philippines) Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (Psychology of Filipinos) Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology) L1: A Historical Background FOUR FILIATIONS OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Zeus Salazar Academic-Scientific Psychology: The Western Tradition This happened in 1876, the year that scientific psychology (of German tradition) was founded and Western psychology (American tradition) began to appear in Philippine colleges. L1: A Historical Background FOUR FILIATIONS OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Zeus Salazar Academic-Philosophical Psychology: The Western Clerical Tradition Under the guidance of individual monks, preachers, and Jesuits, this was pursued by the University of Santo Tomas and subsequently by other universities. In the tradition of Thomistic philosophy and psychology, psychology has been studied as a branch of philosophy. L1: A Historical Background FOUR FILIATIONS OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Zeus Salazar Ethnic Psychology Major basis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino for integrating academic scientific and academic-philosophical tradition into a national tradition of Psychology and Philosophy as universal disciplines. This includes: Indigenous Psychology Psychology of Filipinos The practice of psychology by Filipinos L1: A Historical Background FOUR FILIATIONS OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Zeus Salazar Psycho-Medical System A system with religion as cohesive element and explanation The tradition that integrates indigenous healing methods (lihi, kulam, hilot, pasma susto, usog) and provides an explanation within an indigenous religous perspective L1: A Historical Background INDIGENIZING PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS Agustin Alonzo was one of the first Filipino psychologists who returned from his studies in America (in 1925) and taught at the College of Education of the University of the Philippines Sinforoso Padilla was the first psychologist who tried to develop a psychological test suitable for Filipinos Pagpapatawas, a traditional divination technique that deserved more research space than the Rorschach in the Filipino psyche, was left out and reserved as a subject for clinical psychologists and anthropologists  SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Module 1: Indigenous Psychology and National Consciousness M1 L2: The Meeting of the East and West Dela Rosa, Merced, at Payad L2: The Meeting of the East and West MAIKLING PAGTALAKAY Matapos makumpleto ang kanyang pag-aaral sa sikolohiya sa Estados Unidos, bumalik si Agustin Alonzo sa Pilipinas. Dinala niya ang kanyang kaalaman sa kanluraning sikolohiya. Nagsimulang magturo si Alonzo sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas at nagsagawa ng mga pananaliksik na may kaugnayan sa mga Pilipino. Noong 1926, kinilala ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas ang kahalagahan ng sikolohiya sa pag-unawa sa mga Pilipino at itinatag ang Departamento ng Sikolohiya. Siya ang gumabay sa sumunod na henerasyon ng mga sikolohistang sina Alfredo Lagmay, Estefania Aldaba-Lim at Sinforoso Padilla (Enriquez 1994). L2: The Meeting of the East and West ALFREDO LAGMAY Itinatag niya ang Psychological Association of the Phillipines (PAP) noong 1962 bilang pinakamataas na organisasyong nangangasiwa ng pangkalahatang saklaw ng sikolohiya sa Pilipinas. ESTEFANIA ALDABA-LIM Presidente at nagtatag ng Philippine Mental Health Association (PMHA) noong 1952. Nagtatag ng Institute of Human Relations sa Philippine Women’s University. SINFOROSO PADILLA Unang Filipino psychologist na nagtangkang gumawa ng psychological para sa mga Pilipino. L2: History of Filipino Psychology MAIKLING KASAYSAYAN L2: History of Filipino Psychology MAIKLING KASAYSAYAN L2: History of Filipino Psychology MAIKLING KASAYSAYAN  L2: The Meeting of the East and West is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO understood from a Filipino perspective. (Enriquez, 1975) For centuries Filipino behavior has been analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. Sikolohiyang Pilipino- “The Study of Diwa”(Psyche) - Wealth of Ideas It is referred to by the philosophical concept of ‘essence’ and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior’. (Enriquez, 1985) ’ The Philippine experience has proven that approaching psychology using these models cannot encompass the subtleties of Asian cultures Sikolohiyang Pilipino is not anti-universal, thus it contributes to the Universal Psychology L2: The Meeting of the East and West INDIGENIZATION The simple translation of concepts, methods, theories, and measures into Filipino Example: The Masaklaw na Panukat ng Loob or Mapa ng Loob Masaklaw= Comprehensiveness it aims to comprehensively measure personality trait constructs of Filipinos It operationalizes like McCrae’s And Costa’s FFM or Five Factor Model Ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino ay base sa historikal at socio-kultural na reyalidad ng mga Pilipino, pag intindi sa sarili nating salita at pag-intindi pa lalo sa ating karakter bilang mga Pilipino. L2: The Meeting of the East and West THE GERMAN ROOTS University of San Carlos (USC) is the third oldest psychology department in the Philippines after UP and UST. Established in 1954 by Fr. Joseph Goertz, SVD. Fr. Goertz was a psychologist expelled from China during the 1951 revolution. He had extensive experience in psychology, teaching, and laboratory work in China, Europe, and the Philippines. Fr. Goertz retired in 1976 after leading the USC Psychology Department for 22 years. L2: The Meeting of the East and West THE SPANISH HOLD IN INTRAMUROS, MANILA UST has a long-standing tradition of advanced psychology education. One of its pioneering psychology professors, Jose A. Samson holds the distinction of being the first Filipino with a PhD in psychology. The UST Experimental Psychology Laboratory, established in 1938 by Fr. Angel de Blas, was a pioneering facility. It served as a training ground for students and produced various learning materials for their use. L2: The Meeting of the East and West THE BELGIAN CONNECTION IN THE CORDILLERAS Fr. Evarist Verlinden Studied theology, pedagogy, and psychology in Leuven and Paris Arrived in the Philippines in 1964 Worked at Saint Louis University (SLU) in Baguio Established and developed psychology department and counseling program Served as a counselor for students, seminarians, and religious Taught and served as department head at SLU Was a parish priest and weekend pastor L2: The Meeting of the East and West AMERICAN LEGACY AT DILIMAN AND MANILA’S UNIVERSITY BELT Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay He took his doctorate degree in Psychology at Harvard University He trained with B.F. Skinner in Experimental Psychology He pursued a lot of studies relating to experimental analysis of behavior, behavior modification, relaxation and related studies, and hypnosis. L2: The Meeting of the East and West AMERICAN LEGACY AT DILIMAN AND MANILA’S UNIVERSITY BELT He is among the founding fathers of Psychology in the Philippines. He completed his Doctorate in Clinical and Masters in Experimental Psychology at Fordham University, New York, In 1960, he established the Department of Psychology in Ateneo De Manila University He taught Sigmund Freud, against the wishes of his own dean He uses hypnosis in therapy and his exploration of Filipino animistic beliefs within a psychological Fr. Jaime Bulatao, SJ context. L2: The Meeting of the East and West JAPAN AS AN ASIAN ECONOMIC POWER Danilo Tuazon The “informed judgment” of the National Intelligence Security Agency of the Marcos Government prevented the departure of Danilo Tuazon to Moscow for advanced training in physiological psychology. As luck would have it, Tuazon learned Japanese and went to Keio University instead. The first dissertation on the area of perceptual psychology written in Filipino was based on experiments done in a Japanese laboratory from 1987 to 1990 by Danilo Tuazon. Perceptual psychology is a subfield of cognitive psychology is a registered psychologist, a forensic that concerns the conscious and unconscious innate aspects neuropsychologist, and a brain compliance of the human cognitive system: perception. A pioneer of the learning specialist. field was James J. Gibson. L2: The Meeting of the East and West LOCALLY TRAINED PSYCHOLOGISTS Paz Policarpio-Mendez Developed Ph.D.-level courses at the Centro Escolar University, including a course on Filipino Personality and another on Contemporary Sources of Philippine Psychology which were taught in Filipino. In 1965, Dr. Paz Policarpio Mendez was appointed the third dean. During her term, several new programs on the masters and doctoral levels were opened. LARONG WEST L2: The Meeting of the East and West LOCALLY TRAINED PSYCHOLOGISTS Gonzalo del Rosario - advocated the development and use of the national language in science and technology. Dalub-isipan (expertise-mind) - Psychology Dalub-isip (expert-mind) - Psychologist Isipan - Mental Isaisip - Ideation Isipnon - Intellectual Ganyak - Stimulus Tugon - Response Balikusa - Reflex Himalak - Statistic (Lupon sa Agham, NSDB 1970)  SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Modyul 1: Ang Konsepto ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Why Sikolihiyang Pilipino Matters for Psychology? M1 L3: Indigenous Psychology: Understanding Filipino Culture and Psyche Montalbo, Nicolas, at Peusca L3: Understanding Filipino Culture & Psyche INDIGENOUS PSYCHOLOGY Understanding Filipino Culture & Psyche DR. VIRGILIO ENRIQUEZ SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO is the study of diwa (psyche) which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of ‘essence’ and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior. DEVELOPING SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Indigenization L3: Understanding Filipino Culture & Psyche DEVELOPING SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Indigenization Indigenization is a multifaceted process that involves transforming institutions, practices, and ideas to better reflect the history, culture, and circumstances of Indigenous people. WHAT HAPPENED : Simple translation of concepts, methods, theories and measures into Filipino. 50 Rogelia Pe-Pua and Elizabeth Protacio- Marcelino ß Blackwell Publishers Ltd with the Asian Association of Social Psychology and the Japanese Group Dynamics Association 2000 test was produced. L3: Understanding Filipino Culture & Psyche DEVELOPING SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Indigenization from within which means looking for the indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign body with a local dress. RETHINKING FILIPINO VALUES L3: Understanding Filipino Culture & Psyche RETHINKING FILIPINO VALUES BAHALA NA Bostrom (1968) analyzed bahala na by comparing it with American fatalism Thomas Andres published the Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values, he defined bahala na as ‘‘the Filipino attitude that makes him accept sufferings and problems, leaving everything to God." Lagmay (1977) explained that bahala na is not ‘‘fatalism’’ but ‘‘determination and risk- taking’’ L3: Understanding Filipino Culture & Psyche RETHINKING FILIPINO VALUES HIYA Sibley (1965) translated hiya as "shame". Lynch (1961) saw hiya as "the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position or performing a socially unacceptable action." Andres (1994) described hiya as "an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during fiestas in order to please their visitors, even to the extent of going into debt." L3: Understanding Filipino Culture & Psyche RETHINKING FILIPINO VALUES HIYA Bonifacio (1976), hiya depending on its form nakakahiya, napahiya, ikinahiya negative : napahiya positive : mahiyain positive/negative: kahihiyan The more appropriate translation of hiya in english is not ‘‘shame’’ but ‘‘sense of propriety’’ L3: Understanding Filipino Culture & Psyche RETHINKING FILIPINO VALUES UTANG NA LOOB Translated by Kaut (1961) as ‘‘debt of gratitude’’ Andres (1994) defined it as ‘‘the principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another." Hollnsteiner (1961) took this interpretation further by claiming that the recipient of the favor is forced ‘‘to show his (sic) gratitude properly by returning the favor with interest.’’ L3: Understanding Filipino Culture & Psyche RETHINKING FILIPINO VALUES PAKIKISAMA VS. PAKIKIPAGKAPWA If one is regarded Treating the othe as ibang-tao, the person as kapwa or interaction can fellow human being. range from recognition of pakikitungo, to shared identity pakikisalamuha, the central value to pakikilahok , that connects all to pakikibagay, the different and to filipino values pakikisama. (Enriquez, 1978). "unity of one-of- us-and-the- other"  INDIRECT COMMUNICATION L3: Understanding Filipino Culture & Psyche INDIRECT COMMUNICATION PAKIKIRAMDAM Part of our socialization is being sensitive to nonverbal cues, having concern for the feelings ofothers, being truthful but not at the expense of hurting others’ feelings.  INTERNALITY VS. EXTERNALITY Salazar (1985) L3: Understanding Filipino Culture & Psyche INTERNALITY VS. EXTERNALITY PURI DANGAL Refers to honor Honor from within – which is physical, knowledge of one’s such as that true worth, bestowed through character, compliments or achievement and applauses for a success. good performance, thus external. It can be acknowledged It can also refer to through an award virginity which is a or a tribute but virtue expected of even without such unmarried Filipino gestures from women. outside, it is within you.  SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Module 1: Indigenous Psychology and National Consciousness M1 L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology Montalbo, Nicolas, at Peusca L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology THE PRINCIPLES OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Sikolohiyang Pilipino’s principal emphasis is on the following: 1. Identity and consciousness 2. Social awareness and involvement 3. Psychology of language and culture 4. Applications and bases in health practices, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, etc. L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology PHILOSOPHICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Liberalism Examples: the Philippine propaganda movement, the writings of Jacinto, Mabini, and del Pilar, and ethnic psychology L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology PHILOSOPHICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Empirical Philosophy Examples: academic-scientific psychology, the ideas and teachings of Ricardo Pascual, logical analysis of language L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology PHILOSOPHICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO Rational Philosophy Examples: the clerical tradition, phenomenology, Thomistic philosophy and psychology L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology PRINCIPAL METHODS OF INVESTIGATION There are four principal methods of investigation, namely: 1. Cross-indigenous method - 3. Appropriate field methods - Sikolohiyang Pilipino borrows and examples include pagtatanong- uses modern and traditional tanong, pakikiramdam, panunuluyan, concepts by fusing them, ensuring pakikipamuhay, and etc. the generalizability of findings are culturally appropriate. 2. Multi-method multi-language - 4.Total Approach: “Triangulation” laboratory, psychometric method - using multiple datasets, applications in multiple languages to methods, theories and/or ensure that they function correctly. investigators to address a research question. L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology PRIMARY AREAS OF PROTEST Sikolohiyang Pilipino believes that Psychology is against... A psychology that perpetuates the colonial status of the Filipino mind A psychology used for exploitation of the masses The imposition of psychologies developed in foreign countries L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology POSITION OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO ON PSYCHOLOGICAL PRACTICE Conceptualization of Sikolohiyang Pang-industriya vs. Psychological Practice in a Philippine Context Pangkabuhayan In terms of psychology in a Philippine context, Filipino psychologists focus more on livelihood psychology, pangkabuhayan, rather than industrial psychology. L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology POSITION OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO ON PSYCHOLOGICAL PRACTICE Conceptualization of Sikolohiyang Pangklinika vs. Pangkalusugan Psychological Practice in a Philippine Context When we focus on health psychology or pangkalusugan, it focuses on biological, social, and psychological aspects of a person’s life. Therefore, this is the whole or holistic development of a person, rather than just focusing on clinical psychology, which is mainly for diagnosing and treating disorders. L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology POSITION OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO ON SCIENCE-HUMAN ISSUE Psychology as a field of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is concerned with both. As a field of science, that science and as an art is because of research methodologies and data collection and analysis. As an art, on the other hand, it explores different kinds of therapy methods, and it deals with human creativity and emotion. L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology POSITION OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO ON MENTALISM-BEHAVIORISM ISSUE Less emphasis on individual Mentalism is the inner cause of the experiences and greater behavior of a person. It is also the way a emphasis on people’s collective person processes thoughts and emotions. experiences Behaviorism, on the other hand, is behavior which was learned from the person’s environment and experiences. Given the differences between both, Sikolohiyang Pilipino deals with both, as we follow the nature-nurture theory, however, collectivism has a greater impact on Filipinos due to the culture. L3: Towards a Liberation Psychology POSITION OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO ON ANALYSIS-WHOLENESS ISSUE Sikolohiyang Pilipino is This is not a big issue in Sikolohiyang methodologically on the side of Pilipino, there is just a bias for analysis but interprets the result of wholeness, as Filipino Psychology aims analysis with a bias for wholeness to foster identity and consciousness of the country’s culture and language. Since wholeness is defined as a person being complete, it also means that a person who is whole has a sense of identity. References Brief History. (2013, April 8). Department of Psychology ; Department of Psychology. https://uscpsychology.wordpress.com/about/ Nicasio, M. (2016). Angel de Blas, O.P. and the Development of Experimental Psychology in the Philippines. Philippiniana Sacra, 51(154), 617–631. https://doi.org/10.55997/ps1003li154a2 Rochelle San Diego. (2024). Chapter 2. Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/707647288/Chapter-2? fbclid=IwY2xjawEgf49leHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHUD6aUUO2rEco2ZCjHpuIA6Tb7yKTOW6X6oT4DX0Gig9rHGjhTEnmMjgkg_aem __2vB-9YiOUQ__pBiXdM8yg Rogelia Pe-Pua, Elizabeth Protacio-Marcelino. (2000). Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology): A legacy of Virgilio G. Enriquez. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-839X.00054 Wikipedia Contributors (2024). Jaime C. Bulatao. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime_C._Bulatao#:~:text=Bulatao%20was%20known%20for%20his https://www.ateneo.edu/soss/psychology/about-the-department Filipino Psychology. (2013). History Of Philippine Psychology. [online] Available at: https://filipinopsychology.wordpress.com/history-of-philippine-psychology/. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!