Module 1 - Introduction to Group Dynamics PDF

Module 1 - Introduction to Group Dynamics Site: New Era University Virtual Learning Environment Printed by: Ferlene C. Pangilinan Course: HSE313-18 / COG312-18 / SHN221-18 - Group Dynamics Date: Saturday, 31 August 2024, 12:19 PM Book: M...

Module 1 - Introduction to Group Dynamics Site: New Era University Virtual Learning Environment Printed by: Ferlene C. Pangilinan Course: HSE313-18 / COG312-18 / SHN221-18 - Group Dynamics Date: Saturday, 31 August 2024, 12:19 PM Book: Module 1 - Introduction to Group Dynamics https://college2425.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=110331 8/31/24, 12 20 Page 1 of 12 :  Table of contents 1. Introduction/Overview 2. Learning Outcomes 3. Introduction of Group Dynamics 4. Types of Groups 5. Nature of Group Dynamics 6. Varieties of Groups 7. SigniJcant terms 8. Group's purpose 9. Planned and Emergent group https://college2425.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=110331 8/31/24, 12 20 Page 3 of 12 :  1. Introduction/Overview Theorists are not of one mind when it comes to deSning the word group. Some stress the importance of communication between members, others highlight the key role played by mutual dependence. Still others suggest that a shared purpose or goal is what turns a mere aggregate of individuals into a bona Sde group. However would agree that group requires at least two people. With the exception of individuals with extremely rare psychological disturbances, it takes two people to make one group, you cannot be a group until you join with another person. Groups connect people with one another. Members of a group are not linked by surface similarities or their accidental gathering in speciSc location but by relatively enduring personal relationships that enfold the members within a collective. https://college2425.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=110331 8/31/24, 12 20 Page 4 of 12 :  2. Learning Outcomes After this module students are expected to: 1. Identify the value of their own groups where they belong. 2. Value their group membership of what types of group they belong. 3. Value the group interaction within a group and individual differences. 4. Value the theory behind the group and its dynamics. https://college2425.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=110331 8/31/24, 12 20 Page 5 of 12 :  3. Introduction of Group Dynamics The Nature of Groups What is a group? Group - two or more individuals who are connected by and within social relationships. The members of any given group are networked together like a series of interconnected computers. These connections, or ties maybe based on strong bonds , like the links between the members of the family or a clique of close friends. Group relationships link each member to one another and to the group as a whole. They also deSne who is in the group itself, for groups unlike networks have boundaries. To become aprt of the network a person must establish a link with a person who is already at the network. membership - the state of being a part or included within a social group. network - a set of interconnected individuals or groups, more generally, a set of social or nonsocial objects that are linked by relational ties. social identity - aspect of self- concept that derive from relationships and memberships in groups. This module focus on what is a group, different types of groups. Are groups real , are groups are dynamics. The multilevel perspective, the practicality of group dynamics. It also focus on the topics in contemporary group dynamics. Group dynamics are the in]uential process that take place in groups and also the discipline devoted to the scientiSc analysis of those dynamics. https://college2425.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=110331 8/31/24, 12 20 Page 6 of 12 :  4. Types of Groups What is group - two or more individuals who are connected by and within social relationships. Types of groups: 1. Primary groups - small, long term groups characterized by face-to-face and high levels of cohesiveness, solidarity and member identiScation. close friends, families, military squads 2. Social groups - small groups of moderate duration and permeability characterized by moderate levels of interaction among the members over an extended period of time, often in goal focused situations. (co-workers , crews, expeditions, sports team, study groups, others ) 3. Collectives - aggregation of individual that from spontaneously, last only a brief period of time, and have any permeable boundaries. (audiences, bystanders, crowds, waiting lines ). 4. Categories - aggregations of individuals who are similar to one another in some way, such as gender, ethnicity, religion or nationality. ( citizens, women etc.) Groups are always will be essential to human life. Across all cultures and eras we have lived, worked, thrived and died in our families, tribes, communities and clan. Our ancestors protected themselves from dangers and disasters by joining together in groups. So why study groups? Groups holds the secret of the universes-the human universe at any rate. The rare individual-the prisoner in solitary conSnement, the recluse, the castaway- is isolated from all groups but all of us belong to all manner of groups, from our small, close-knit groups such as families or very close friends to larger group of associates and colleagues at school or where we work, to the very large groups of people with whom we share an important quality that creates a psychological bond between us all. https://college2425.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=110331 8/31/24, 12 20 Page 7 of 12 :  5. Nature of Group Dynamics Group dynamics describes both a subject matter and a scientiSc Seld of study. Kurt Lewin (1951) describe the way groups and individuals act and react to changing circumstances, he named these processes group group dynamics. dynamics. Group dynamics is not even a century old. Although scholars have long pondered the nature of groups, the Srst scientiSc studies of groups were not carried out until 1900. Zander (1968) review, in their review in the origins of group dynamics, suggest that its slow development stemmed in part part from unfounded assumptions about groups. Many felt that the dynamics of group was a private affair, not something that scientists that lay open to public scrutiny. The Seld also developed slowly because theorists and researcher disagreed among themselves on many basic theoretical and methodological issues. Groups can be used for therapeutic and educational purpose or for a combination of the two. Some groups primarily focus on helping people make fundamental changes in their ways of thinking, feelings and behaving. Groups with educational focus help members learn speciSc coping skills. Barlow (2008) contends that groups can be effectively used for both prevention and educational purposes: Through ever-growing research and continuing improvements in clinical applications, groups remain a powerful intervention tool across the life span, positively impacting childhood, adult and geriatric disorders. Group approach can help people meet almost any need. https://college2425.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=110331 8/31/24, 12 20 Page 8 of 12 :  6. Varieties of Groups Primary Groups, (Sociologist Charles Horton Cooley (1909) labelled the small, intimate clusters of close associates, such as families, good friends or cligues of peers. A small, long term groups characterized by frequent interaction, solidarity and high levels of interdependence among members that substantially in]uences the attitudes, values and social outcomes of its members. Social (secondary )groups , we began to associate with a wider range of people in less intimate, more public setting and social groups emerge to structure these interactions. Social group are larger and more formally organized than primary groups, and membership tend to be shorter in duration and less emotionally involving. A relatively small number of individuals who interact with one another over an extended period of time, such as work groups, clubs and congregations. Categories. A social category, is a collection of individuals who are similar to one another in some way. Example , communicators group, teacher's organization. How large is the Group? Jun Krakauer (1977) chronicled the experiences in adventure expedition as it attempted its climb of Mt. Everest, admitted he was unsettled by the size of of the group. A group size in]uences many of its other features for a small group will likely have different structures, processes and patterns of interaction than a larger one. Larger groups can only have unique qualities, for the members are rarely connected directly. As group increase of size, a number of relationship needed to link each member to every other member increases. Sociologist, Robert Freed Bales (1950) intrigued by the question, He recognized the diversity of group interaction, but eventually concluded that the countless he had observed tend to be of two types those that focused on the task the group was dealing with and those that sustained, strengthened and weakened interpersonal relationships within the group. Task interaction, the cojointly adjusted actions of group members that pertain to the group's projects, task and goals. Relationship interaction (socioemotional interaction), the cojointly adjusted actions of group members that relate to or in]uence the nature and strength of the emotional and interpersonal bonds within the group, including both sustaining (social support, consideration ) and undermining actions (criticism, con]ict) Interdependence, mutual dependence, as when one's outcomes, actions, thoughts, feelings and experiences are in]uenced, to some degree, by other people. Structure: How is the group organized. Group members are not connected to one another at random, but in organized and predictable patterns. https://college2425.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=110331 8/31/24, 12 20 Page 9 of 12 :  7. SigniJcant terms Categorization-two or more individuals who perceive themselves to be members of the same social category Communication - three or more people who think of themselves as a group, interdependent, communicate with one another Inbuence - two or more persons who are interacting with one another in such a manner that each person in]uences and is in]uenced by each other person. Interdependence-a dynamic whole based interdependence than similarity. Interrelations - an aggregation of two or more people who are to some degree in dynamic interrelation with one another. Psychological signiJcance - a psychological groups is any number of people who interact with each other, are psychologically aware of each other. Relations - individuals who stand in certain relations to each other. Shared identity - two or more people possessing a common social identiScation and whose existence as a group is recognized by a third part. Social unit - persons who recognize that they constitute a meaningful social unit, interact on the basis, and are committed to the social unity. Systems - an interact social system, complete with boundaries, interdependence of some shared purpose and differentiated member roles. https://college2425.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=110331 8/31/24, 12 20 Page 10 of 12 :  8. Group's purpose The goals' groups pursue are many and varied. One approach to their classiScation suggest that a broad distinction can be made between intellectual and judgmental tasks. Another emphasize three categories: production, , discussion and problem solving goals. A third model , proposed by social psychologist Joseph McGranth (184) distinguishes among four basic group goals: a. generating , groups concoct the strategies they will use to accomplish their goals (planning task) create altogether new ideas and approaches to their problems (creativity tasks) b. choosing , groups make decisions about issues that have correct solutions (intellective tasks ) or questions that can be answered in many ways (decision making tasks ) c. negotiating , groups resolve differences of opinion among members regarding their goals or decisions (cognitive con]ict tasks ) or settle competitive disputes among members (mixed motive tasks ) d. executing, groups do things including taking part in competitions (contest battle competitions ) or creating some product or carrying out collective actions (performance /psychomotor tasks ). https://college2425.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=110331 8/31/24, 12 20 Page 11 of 12 :  9. Planned and Emergent group Social Psychologist Holly Arrow, Joseph McGrant and Jennifer Berdhal extent distinction between planned and emergent group by asking a second question, Is the group created by forces within the group (internal origins) or forces outside the group (external origins ) Fourfold taxonomy of groups: 1. Concocted groups are planed by individuals or authorities outside of the group. A team of laborers digging a trench, ]ight crew of an airplane, teachers taught personality development, senior high school coordinators. 2. Founded group are planed by one or more individuals who remain within the group 3. Circumstantial group are emergent, unplanned groups that arise when external, situational forces set the stage for people to join together often temporarily, in a uniSed group. (travelers stranded together ) 4. Self organizing groups emerge when interacting individuals gradually align their activities in a cooperative system of interdependence. Group Cohesions , is the integrity, solidarity, social integration, unity and groupings of a group. Cohesive groups hold on to their member tightly, and members usually value their membership and are quickly identify themselves as members. A group cohesiveness, however is often based on commitment to the group's purpose rather than social bonds between members. Individuals may not like each other a great deal and yet when they join together, they experienced powerful feelings of unity as they work collaboratively to achieve an important end. https://college2425.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=110331 8/31/24, 12 20 Page 12 of 12 :