Module 1 Environment Conditions PDF

COURSE MAP BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES COURSE INTENDED GOVERNMENT OVERVIEW GUIDE IMPLEMENTING...

COURSE MAP BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES COURSE INTENDED GOVERNMENT OVERVIEW GUIDE IMPLEMENTING BP 344 - PWD LEARNING OUTCOME FIRE CODE OF THE RULES & FORCES PHILIIPPINES REGULATIONS COMPETENCE/KNOWLEDGE ENVIRONMENT OF BUILDING CONSTRUCT- FOUNDATION ION. ITS FUNCTION AND PRELIMS COLUMNS STAIRS PARTS, METHODOLOGY OF BUILDING ANATOMY BEAMS CEILING CONSTRUCTION AND ABOUT THE BUILDING MATERIALS FLOORING SYSTEM ROOF SYSTEM KNOWLEDGEABLE OF STRUCTURE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WALL SYSTEM GUTTER SYSTEM VERNACULAR TERMS. VERNACULAR TERMS WATER SYSTEMS, FUNCTIONS ID1223:104089 SEWAGE PLUMBING MATERIALS TYPES MATERIALS OF FIRE SYSTEM SYMBOLS COMPETENCE/KNOWLEDGE FIXTURES CONSTRUCTION GAS OF BUILDING UTILITIES, ITS AND UTILITIES SYSTEMS, FUNCTION AND PARTS. AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM MATERIALS P L A N S P R E PA R AT I O N ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DEVICES RELATED TO THE COURSE FINALS OUTLETS SYMBOLS SUCH AS PLUMBING STUB- BUILDING HVAC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS OUT, ELECTRICAL PLANS MECHANICAL SUCH AS RCP, LIGHTING AND UTILITIES EXHAUST TYPES & SYSTEM SWITCHING, CO AND SECURITY & SAFETY FUNCTIONS AUXILIARY PLANS FOR NEXT ELECTRONICS CONTROL TYPES & SYSTEM TERM. KNOWLEDGEABLE OF AUTOMATION SYMBOLS AND FUNCTIONS DIMENSIONING AND SPECS. ELEVATORS, RAMPS, CONVEYANCE TYPES & SYSTEM DUMBWAITER, ESCALATORS  ID1223:104089 CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Climate: A. TROPICAL OR EQUITORIAL CLIMATES In this hot and humid zone, the average temperatures are greater than 64°F (18°C) year-round and there is more than 59 inches of precipitation each year. B. DRY OR ARID CLIMATES These climate zones are so dry because moisture is rapidly evaporated from the air and there is very little precipitation. C. TEMPERATE OR MODERATE CLIMATES In this zone, there are typically warm and humid summers with thunderstorms and mild winters. D. CONTINENTAL OR COLD CLIMATES These regions have warm to cool summers and very cold winters. In the winter, this zone can experience snowstorms, strong winds, and very cold temperatures—sometimes falling below -22°F (-30°C)! E. POLAR OR EXTREME CLIMATES In the polar climate zones, it’s extremely cold. Even in summer, the temperatures here never go higher than 50°F (10°C)! H. (UNCLASSIFIED) HIGHLAND CLIMATES MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Climate: A. TROPICAL OR EQUITORIAL CLIMATES THE HUMID TROPICAL TYPE A CLIMATE, -WARM TEMPERATURES YEAR ROUND WITH A HIGH LEVEL OF PRECIPITATION, TYPICALLY IN THE FORM OF RAIN. -THE RAINFALL IS DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. -SOME T YPE A CLIMATES PRODUCE A DRY SEASON AND A WET SEASON (MONSOON), WHILE OTHERS RECEIVE CONSISTENT RAINFALL THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. Tropical type A climates experience warm temperatures year round and a higher annual rainfall, such as this location in coastal Belize. Photo by R. Berglee – CC BY-NC-SA. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Climate: B. DRY OR ARID CLIMATES - TEMPERATURES CAN BE EXTREME, WITH LITTLE PRECIPITATION. - -LOW RAINFALL AND HIGH TEMPERATURES D U R I N G T H E DAY A N D CO O L E R TEMPERATURES AT NIGHT OR DURING THE WINTER SEASON. - -TERRAIN IN TYPE B CLIMATES CAN RANGE FROM SAND DESERTS TO PRAIRIE GRASSLANDS OR STEPPES. - FEWER TREES THAN MOST OTHER CLIMATE DRY OR ARID TYPE B CLIMATES SUCH AS CENTRAL ARIZONA HAVE FEWER AREAS. TREES THAN OTHER CLIMATES. THE SAGUARO CACTUS CAN WITHSTAND LONG PERIODS WITH LITTLE PRECIPITATION. PHOTO BY R. BERGLEE – CC BY-NC-SA. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Climate: RAIN SHADOW EFFECT OR PRECIPITATION SHADOW EFFECT -DIRECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGHLANDS AND TYPE B CLIMATES IN VARIOUS PLACES IN THE WORLD., -OCCURS WHEN ONE SIDE OF A M O U N TA I N R A N G E R E C E I V E S ABUNDANT RAINFALL WHILE THE REGION ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE MOUNTAIN RANGE IS A DESERT OR H A S M O R E A R I D C L I M AT E CONDITIONS. THIS PHENOMENON IS EVIDENT WHEREVER THERE IS TERRAIN WITH ENOUGH ELEVATION TO RESTRICT THE MOVEMENT OF PRECIPITATION- BEARING CLOUDS. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Climate: RAIN SHADOW EFFECT OR PRECIPITATION SHADOW EFFECT CREATED WHEN PREVAILING WINDS CARRYING MOISTURE RISE QUICKLY IN ELEVATION UP A MOUNTAINSIDE, WHERE THE AIR COOLS AND CONDENSES TO PRECIPITATE OUT ITS MOISTURE IN THE FORM OF RAIN OR SNOW. BY THE TIME THE AIR MASS HITS THE TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN, ITS MOISTURE IS MUCH REDUCED. THE DRIED AIR RUSHES DOWN THE OTHER SIDE OF THE M O U N TA I N R A N G E , W H E R E I T INCREASES IN TEMPERATURE. THE WARM, DRY AIR COMING OFF THE MOUNTAINS CONTINUES TO PULL MOISTURE OUT OF THE LAND, RESULTING IN DESERT OR ARID CLIMATE CONDITIONS. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Climate: C. TEMPERATE OR MODERATE CLIMATES - MOST FAVORABLE TO HUMAN HABITATION IN THAT THEY HOST THE LARGEST HUMAN POPULATION DENSITIES ON THE PLANET. - MIDLATITUDES BORDERING THE TROPICS. SEASONAL CHANGES ARE PRONOUNCED, WITH A DISTINCT WINTERS AND SUMMERS. - WINTERS ARE COOL TO COLD AND S U M M E R S A R E U S UA L LY WA R M. PRECIPITATION VARIES FROM LOW TO HIGH, DEPENDING ON LOCATION. MODERATE TYPE C CLIMATES ARE GOOD FOR AGRICULTURE. FOR - ABUNDANCE OF FORESTS, FARML AND, EXAMPLE, IN APPALACHIA, TOBACCO AND HARDWOOD FORESTS GROW AND FRESH WATER WELL. PHOTO BY R. BERGLEE – CC BY-NC-SA. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Climate: D. CONTINENTAL OR COLD CLIMATES - OFTEN FOUND IN THE INTERIORS OF CONTINENTS AWAY FROM THE M O D E R AT I N G I N F L U E N C E O F L A R G E BODIES OF WATER. - THEY ARE OFTEN FARTHER NORTH THAN TYPE C REGIONS, RESULTING IN COLDER WINTERS. SEASONAL VARIATIONS EXIST, WITH COOL TO HOT SUMMERS AND COLD WINTERS. PRECIPITATION IS USUALLY IN THE FORM OF RAIN IN SUMMER AND SNOW IN WINTER. Colder type D climates are prominent in states such as North Dakota, which has the - REGIONS WITH TYPE D CLIMATES CAN BE coldest annual winter temperatures of the continental forty-eight states. FOUND IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION OF Geof Wilson – Welcome to North Dakota – CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. THE UNITED STATES, MUCH OF CANADA, AND A LARGE PORTION OF RUSSIA. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Climate: E. POLAR OR EXTREME CLIMATES - AN EXTREME CLIMATE TYPE FOUND IN THE POLAR REGIONS NEAR OR TO THE NORTH OF THE ARCTIC CIRCLE AND NEAR OR TO THE SOUTH OF THE ANTARCTIC CIRCLE. - ARE COLD WITH PERMANENT ICE OR PERMAFROST YEAR ROUND. - VEGETATION IS MINIMAL, AND THERE ARE NO TREES. - T E M P E R AT U R E S M AY WA R M S L I G H T LY DURING THE SHORT SUMMER MONTHS BUT RARELY RISE ABOVE 50 DEGREES. A giant iceberg has prompted a partial evacuation of an Innaarsuit settlement in Greenland. Photograph: Scanpix Denmark/Reuters MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Climate: F. (UNCLASSIFIED) HIGHLAND CLIMATES - DIFFERENT CLIMATE TYPES CAN BE FOUND ON THE SAME MOUNTAIN AT DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS. TYPE H CLIMATES DESIGNATE HIGHL ANDS OR MOUNTAIN TERRAIN. VARIATIONS IN CLIMATE EXIST ON MOST MOUNTAIN RANGES. - CLIMATES AT THE BASE OF MOUNTAINS WILL VARY DEPENDING ON WHETHER THE MOUNTAINS ARE FOUND IN THE TROPICS OR IN THE HIGHER LATITUDES. HTTPS://WWW.PNA.GOV.PH/ARTICLES/1039149 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Earth: TECTONIC PLATES -THE MOVEMENT OF TECTONIC PLATES IS ANOTHER ASPECT OF THE EARTH’S DYNAMICS THAT AFFECTS HUMAN ACTIVITY. -THE EARTH’S CRUST, WHICH IS BETWEEN 10 AND 125 MILES THICK, IS NOT ONE BIG SOLID CHUNK BUT RATHER A SERIES OF PLATES THAT COVER A MOLTEN IRON CORE AT THE CENTER OF THE PLANET. THE PLATES THAT COVER THE EARTH’S SURFACE SLOWLY SHIFT AND MOVE. PLATES CAN SLIDE AWAY FROM EACH OTHER OR THEY CAN COLLIDE, AND THEY CAN SLIDE PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS. WHEN TWO PLATES COLLIDE AND ONE PLATE SLIDES UNDER AN ADJACENT PLATE, THE PROCESS IS CALLED SUBDUCTION. MOVEMENT OR SHIFT WHERE TWO PLATES MEET CAN CAUSE EARTHQUAKES AND IS USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. IMAGE COURTESY OF USGS. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Earth: TECTONIC PLATES THE PLATES THAT COVER THE EARTH’S SURFACE SLOWLY SHIFT AND MOVE. PLATES CAN SLIDE AWAY FROM EACH OTHER OR THEY CAN COLLIDE, AND THEY CAN SLIDE PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS. WHEN TWO PLATES COLLIDE AND ONE PLATE SLIDES UNDER AN ADJACENT PLATE, THE PROCESS IS CALLED SUBDUCTION. MOVEMENT OR SHIFT WHERE TWO PLATES MEET CAN CAUSE EARTHQUAKES AND IS USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. HTTPS://DIVEDISCOVER.WHOI.EDU/ MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Philippines Climate and environment MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Philippines Climate: Exert from Energy care by Engr Jorge M. Mission , 2016 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Heat: MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Heat process in your home: MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Wind Direction: Amihan Habagat (Northeast Monsoon) (Southeast Monsoon) Sep/Oct - May/June July-Aug Wind from east or Wind from west or Northeast Southeast MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Wind Direction: The use of shrubs and plants can redirect or re-channel the wind to let it enter the house. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Wind Direction: Trees, shrubs and other similar plants provided near the house shall not hinder the wind from entering the house through doors and opening. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Wind Direction: WIND EFFECT VENTILLATION OR CROSS VENTILATION IS A KIND OF PASSIVE VENTILATION THAT USES THE FORCE OF THE WIND TO PULL AIR THROUGH THE BUILDING. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Wind Direction: STACK EFFECT VENTILATION OR CHIMNEY EFFECT MOVEMEMT OF AIR FROM BOTTOM TO UPWARD DIRECTION LIKE A SMOKE PASSING THROUGH THE CHIMNEY. HOT AIR GOES UP AND COLD AIR STAYS DOWN. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Wind Direction: HOW TO VENTILATE YOUR HOME MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Sun Direction: Mounting or putting elements like conceret pavements in the perimeter should be avoided because it could absorb solar heat. The wind can blow the heat radiating from these elements and carry them inside the house through the openings. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Sun Direction: MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UTILITIES: PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ID1223:104089 Understanding Sun Direction: