Modern Memorise PDF

**Survey** an overview of the peace treaties which ended World War I and their consequences (ACHMH130) Short q but will come up - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Focus of study** The rise of dictatorships after World War I the...

**Survey** an overview of the peace treaties which ended World War I and their consequences (ACHMH130) Short q but will come up - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Focus of study** The rise of dictatorships after World War I the conditions that enabled dictators to rise to power in the interwar period (ACHMH130, ACHMH136, ACHMH138) GENERAL overview → **don't** focus on one specific dictator Russia, Italy, Japan, Germany -- don't be afraid to use knowledge from Russia Expansionism, nationalism for Japan - - - - - - - - - - - an overview of the features of the dictatorships that emerged in Russia, Italy, Japan (ACHMH138) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **The Nazi regime to 1939** the rise of the Nazi party and Hitler in Germany and the collapse of the Weimar Republic (ACHMH129, ACHMH130) Most commonly gets brought up probably will get a Q on this. **How** did the nazis rise to power // Why did the Weimar Republic collapse CHOOSE Mainly economic issues and Hitlers ability to exploit it. Economic issues -- GD, ToV (reparations → Dawes Plan → exacerbates GD = catastrophe) -- Hitler exploited it ,, anti Young Plan platform (give stats on election results) Hitler exploited hyperinflation → Beer Hall Putsch put him on political map Nov criminals = Weimar who signed armistice (November = when they surrendered) ToV divided the german speaking people -- Hitler platform = Lebensraum (stats) → POLISH CORRIDOR super unpopular exploited by Hitler Military stuff → 100,000 army, no airforce, limited navy, no conscription Lack of military meant political violence was common - attempts to overthrow govt = political instability Military style uniforms → appeals to strong SA (brownshirts) → paramilitary removed political opps and furthered his platform Hitler's ability to exploit weaknesses of Weimar -- political manoeuvring, economic issues, mood of nation, propaganda, unite german speaking people DON\'T TALK about initial consolidation NONONONONO (no gleichschaltung, reichstag fire etc) VOTE - elections nazis May 1924 - 6% Dec 1924 - 3% May 1928 - 2.6% Sept 1930 - 18.3% (2nd most) July 1932 - 37.4% Nov 1932 - 33.1% Mar 1933 - 43.9% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the initial consolidation of Nazi power 1933--1934 (ACHMH130) Why were the Nazis able to consolidate power from 1933-34? 10 marks The Nazis were able to consolidate power through the implementation of various legal measures which granted the regime significant power/control Hitller == exploited constitution and weaknesses of the Weimar HITLER -- opportunist nature and ability to exploit opportunities (coz he did all the stuff legal rev and luck) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the nature of Nazi ideology (ACHMH130, ACHMH132) Source Qs Could answer various Qs through ideological frame -- everything was methods used to instil ideology What was the NATURE - - - Assess the importance of ideology in the Nazi regime Pervaded every aspect of german life Crucial Transformed the whole country into ideologically indoctrinated nation DON\'T go too far ahead (NO 1940s stuff at all) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the role of prominent individuals in the Nazi state (ACHMH130, ACHMH134) Maybe don't talk about Hitler xoxo Assess the role of prominent individuals in the Nazi state While people were important, it was ultimately Hitler who controlled stuff and was responsible for everything. Individuals were not as important as Hitler himself they just basically did stuff that Hitler would have wanted - but DON\'T talk about Hitler tooooo much trap. Tie back to Hitlers ideological framework and stuff. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the various methods used by the Nazi regime to exercise control, including laws, censorship, repression, terror, propaganda, cult of personality (ACHMH131, ACHMH132) Usually will incorporate 2 in a q -- e.g. how did the Nazi regime They enabled Germany to reflect the will of Hitler and for Hitler to have total control of the country. Need to know a lot from this point - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - the impact of the Nazi regime on life in Germany, including cultural expression, religion, workers, youth, women, minorities including Jews (ACHMH131, ACHMH132) Usually will incorporate 2 in a q They enabled Germany to reflect the will of Hitler and for Hitler to have total control of the country. Need to know a lot from this point 12 markers Intro = 2 sentences (thesis + assertions) 3 body ps (use sources) One sentence/line to sum up - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - opposition to the Nazi regime The LACK of opposition -- main characteristic While there were opposition groups overall there was a LACK -- because of the indoctrination and control (propaganda, terror, repression, censorship, Hitler Youth, religion, popularity of Hitler etc..) - - - - - - - - **The search for peace and security in the world** an overview of the search for peace and security 1919--1946: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Often get a short question on this (but could be long pookie).. compare the intentions and authority of the LON and the UN. REALLY LOOK and remember details.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SOURCE Qs - Focus/centre on source -- quote it directly But also bring in own knowledge -- not too much though xo -- but when you can - Value = how useful it is in understanding stuff that happened Limitations = things that are not in the source, also issues with reliability (why), National Studies - Russia and the Soviet Union 1917--1941 **Key features** Bolshevik ideology in theory and practice - - - competing visions for the Bolshevik Party and the USSR - Bolshevik consolidation of power political and economic transformation - - - - - - social and cultural transformation - - - nature and impact of Stalinism aims, nature and effectiveness of Soviet foreign policy - - - - - - - Assess the role of them - - - Define Stalinism - - - - **Survey** Bolshevik consolidation of power, including: - - - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Ideology** | **Pragmatism/Survival** | +===================================+===================================+ | - - - - - - - | - - - - - - - - - | | | - - - | | | | | | Historian Figes asserts that it | | | was both a necessary tool to | | | monitor food shortages and a war | | | strategy to beat the White army, | | | suggesting that there was a more | | | practical rather than ideological | | | need for War Communism. | | | | | | HIstorian Figes says it grew into | | | a vast police state and terror | | | via Cheka was KEY to Bolshevik | | | survival in the civil war and | | | maintenance of power.. NOT | | | ideological lowkeyyyy. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Focus of study** The Bolsheviks and the power struggle following the death of Lenin, including: - TIGHTENED POLITICAL CONTROL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b\) option 2022 Trotsky wasn't a major threat though he was a political opponent but Stalin's ability to manipulate the party machine and Trotsky's numerous failings. E.g. How important was the power struggle in Stalin's emergence as leader? Stalin pervaded the party machine -- built up his power base etc flexible with ideology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Stalin's control and ability to manipulate the party machine - - - - The Soviet State under Stalin, including: Impact of economic, social and political transformation was that the Soviet state came to reflect the will of Stalin. IF IN DOUBT everything reflects the will of Stalin. - - - - Evaluate the view that Stalin had complete control over the USSR by 1941. - - - - - - - Made it totalitarian - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Item** | **1927 output** | **1932-33 | **1932-33 | | | | target** | output** | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | Gross | 18.3 | 43.2 | 43.3 | | industrial | | | | | production | | | | | | | | | | (100 million | | | | | roubles) | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Gross | 13.1 | 25.8 | 16.6 | | agricultural | | | | | production | | | | | | | | | | (100 million | | | | | roubles) | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Total employed | 11.3 | 15.8 | 22.8 | | labour forces | | | | | | | | | | (million) | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Coal (million | 35.4 | 75 | 64.3 | | tons) | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ - - Assess the political transformation under Stalin. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Soviet foreign policy, including: - - - - - - - - - Foreign policy was dictated by need to stabilise Russia and grow Stalin's power on international stage. Brief periods where ideology becomes important but overall not really. While ideology did hold some importance it was clear that Stalin was willing to abandon it in order to serve the interests of the nation. - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Pragmatism/National self | **Ideological** | | interest** | | +===================================+===================================+ | - - - - - - - - - | - - - - | | - - - | | | | | | - - - - | | | | - | | - - | | | | | | - - - - - - - - | | | | | | - | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - - - Peace and Conflict - Conflict in Europe 1935--1945 **Key features** causes of the conflict - - - - - aims and strategies of the Allied and Axis powers - turning points of the war - - - - - impact of the war on civilians impact of the Holocaust in occupied territories reasons for the Allied victory **Survey** Growth of European tensions, including: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Focus of study** German foreign policy, including: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Course of the European war, including: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Civilians at war, including: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - End of the conflict, including: [[Cordelia Scheer - Activity - End of the conflict]](https://docs.google.com/document/d/13Rh192msa5sxbdMuFwgr8OBGUYzVhLSedG3u7kVfENo/edit) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | INTENIONALIST | STRUCTURALIST | +===================================+===================================+ | Direct result of the war → | Structure of the Nazi regime | | product of Hitler's intent to | | | pursue lebensraum | Lack of centralised control - | | | rivalry + economic inefficiency | | Poor prepping | | | | Total war implemented too late | | Failure to defeat Britain and | | | Russia | As the regime radicalised out of | | | control, resources were diverted | | Extensiveness stretching limited | to dealing with racial issues | | German resources. | (camps) rather than the war | | | effort. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ Change in the Modern World - The Cultural Revolution to Tiananmen Square 1966--1989 **Key features** Permanent Revolution, competing versions of Marxism and anti-revisionism role of leadership modernisation of the economy the nature of social change the causes of the Tiananmen Square protests reaction of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to the pro-democracy movement **Survey** Political and social conditions in China at the start of the period, including: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Focus of study** The Cultural Revolution, including: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deng Xiaoping and the modernisation of China, including: - - - - - - - - - - The Tiananmen Square protests, including: - - - - - - - -