Mod 4 qu.pdf

💟 Mod 4 Mod 4 Standard precautions and infectious agent transmission what is standard precautions its operating procedures that apply in healthcare to minimizing the risk of infection regardless of the perceived infectious risk the approach of standard precaution is? based on the understanding th...

💟 Mod 4 Mod 4 Standard precautions and infectious agent transmission what is standard precautions its operating procedures that apply in healthcare to minimizing the risk of infection regardless of the perceived infectious risk the approach of standard precaution is? based on the understanding that all blood and body substances should be considered potentially infectious and all surgical instruments could be potentially contaminated with microorganisms what is the precautions 1. Hand wash Mod 4 1 2. use of PPE 3. safe systems for handling blood and body fluid contamination 4. sharps awareness and implementation of environmental controls 5. appropriate processing of RMD 6. Medical condition management 7. education and training 8. aseptic technique 9. Vaccination what is chain of infection the spread of microbial infection requires three factors what is this factors 1. A source of infecting microorganisms at a sufficient level to cause infection 2. susceptible host or hosts 3. a means for transmitting the infectious agent to the susceptible host or hosts how many steps in transmission the means of transmission may involve one or many steps and is often referred to as the chain of infection what is the ways to spread infection 1. air 2. cart wheels 3. shoes 4. staff 5. other patients what is meaning of reservoir Mod 4 2 collection of microbes how can hospital staff constantly try to minimize reservoir 1. by cleaning and disinfecting the environment and equipment 2. treating the patients with antimicrobial drugs 3. applying various hygienic measures describe the chain of infection 1. Infectious agent 2. susceptible host 3. reservoir 4. portal of entry 5. portal of exit 6. mode of transmission what is the immune condition for patients in hospital immunocompromised (poor health and their immune system may not be functioning very well ) how we can stop the transmission of microbial infection in CSSD by decontaminating potentially infected RMD and enssuring that only prperly decontaminated RMD are used on patient describe breaking of the chaing of infection Mod 4 3 what is HAI the patients who become infected by microbes while in hospital are said to have a health aquired infection (HAI ) injection deliberate or accidental penetration of the skin or mucous membrane for ecample a needlestick or an open wound ingestion swallowing into the digestive tract via splash or droplet inhalation enter the respiratory tract via a droplet or aerosol contact transfer from contaminated object to the skin ,eye ,mucous membrane via a hand or glove or mask or droplet or plash Mod 4 4 Accidental Needle stick or sharps injury if injury happen to the person handling sharps what did you do in this case report it immediately and seek medical attention the main risk are from bloodborne viruses and because this cssd staff are usually vaccinated against these risks when they start work in cssd Aerosols what is aerosol defined as being a suspension of tiny particles or droplets in the air how can we detect how long aerosol be remain initial velocity and environmental conditions generally determine how long it will remain in the air and how far it will travel what is danger of aerosol in CSSD an aerosol may from in the CSSD 1. when handling liquids 2. operating and ultrasonic path 3. running a tap 4. brushing or blowing on a wet surface 5. when ventilation / humidification unit release contaminating microbes 6. manual brushing of contaminated RMD should be carried out only while the device is submerged in the sink Mod 4 5 Housekeeping and infection control what is the important part of breaking the infection chain in CSSD cleaning and disinfecting the CSSD itself and properly managing waste streams what is best practice recommends about cleaning equipment labels or color codes their cleaning equipment it is then easly identified as in the wrong zone when borrowed or misplaced note : store cleaning equipment in a dedicated storage room and clean inspect regularly train staff responsible for cleaning the zone in all aspects of cleaning record cleaning activities and monitor the quality of cleaning regularly waste waste are generated in the three zones of the CSSD use bins or containers to help recive waste and segregate it into appropriate waste stream wastes from the IAP and sterile storage zone this waste are not an infectious risk waste generated in decon zone is an infectious risk and an important waste stream to control placed this waste in appropriate bags or bins with sharps waste in a dedicated sharps bin seal and disinfect the exterior of the waste container before taking them out to the waste collection point CDC Top HAI Causing Pathogens Mod 4 Coagulase-negative staphylococci Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus species Candida species 6 Escherichia coli Clostridium difficile Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumoniae Enterobacter species Acinetobacter baumannii Klebsiella oxytoca Vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus Tuberculosis (TB) Managing the Central Sterile Supply Department’ Environment The important step to maintain the CSSD environment is to control the traffic throw the main three zones and to strictly maintain the proper heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Decontamination Zone Preparation & Packaging Zone Sterilization Zone Air Pressure Negative pressure(- 5 Pascal) ± 5% Positive pressure(+ 5 Pascal) ± 5% Positive pressure (+ 5 Pascal) ± 5% Air Changes 10 air changes per hour at least 10 air changes per hour at least 4 air changes per hour at least Temperature 18 °C to 20 °C 20 °C to 23 °C 20 °C to 24 °C Humidity 30% to 70% Relative humidity30% to 70% Humidity up to 70% Mod 4 what is asepsis asepsis can defined as the absence of microorganisms that cause disease aseptic technique includes any activity or procedure that prevent infection or breaks that chain of infection what is types of aseptic techniques medical asepsis clean technique procedure performed to reduce the number of microorganisms to minimize their spread Mod 4 7 surgical asepsis sterile technique procedures to eliminate the presence of all microorganisms or prevent intorduction of microorganisms to an area Mod 4 8