MMPMC 121 Finals PDF

MMPMC 121 FINALS name class schedule Expected MIDTERM grade _______ Actual ACTUAL grade _______ finals FINALS date activity student score (SS) total score (TS) Reasons for (non)achievement of expected grade _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _________________...

MMPMC 121 FINALS name class schedule Expected MIDTERM grade _______ Actual ACTUAL grade _______ finals FINALS date activity student score (SS) total score (TS) Reasons for (non)achievement of expected grade _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ ______________________________ Promise to one’s self for midterms _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________ total cs ss/ts x50+50x.50 exam ss/ts x50+50x.50 TFG 2 BRANDING BRAND MANAGEMENT is the application of marketing techniques to a specific product, product line, or brand. It seeks to increase the product's perceived value to the customer and thereby increase brand equity. Marketers see a brand as an implied promise that the level of quality people have come to expect from a brand will continue with present and future purchases of the same product. This may increase sales by making a comparison with competing products more favorable. It may also enable the manufacturer to charge more for the product. The value of the brand is determined by the amount of profit it generates for the manufacturer. This results from a combination of increased sales and increased prices. PhP50 PhP 165 Involves the design and implementation of marketing programs and activities to build, measure, and manage brand equity DACANAY AND GUMNAD BRANDING BRANDING Is a disciplined process used to build awareness and extend customer loyalty. It requires a mandate from the top and readiness to invest in the future. It is about seizing every opportunity to express why people should choose one brand over another A desire to lead, outpace the competition, and give employees the best tools to reach customers are the reasons why companies leverage branding What branding does ◼ A strong brand creates customer loyalty. ◼ It can reinforce a good reputation ◼ Assure quality ◼ Convey a perception of greater worth, allowing a product to be priced higher ◼ Grant buyer a sense of affirmation and entry into an imaginary community of shared values ◼ help companies recruit the most talented and passionate employees. DACANAY AND GUMNAD BRANDING Brand manager Marketing professional charged with planning and implementing marketing strategies and tactics for a brand. DACANAY AND GUMNAD BRANDING DACANAY AND GUMNAD brand The word brand comes from the Old Norse or Germanic root meaning “burn”. We use the meaning literally when we talk about branding an animal or an amphora of wine to indicate its owner; we mean it figuratively when we talk about all the attributes of a product that make a lasting impression in a customer’s mind. BRANDING Simply put, a brand IS A PROMISE. It's a promise you make to consumers when they do business with you. is the symbolic embodiment of all the information connected with a product or service. A brand typically includes a name, logo, and other visual elements such as images or symbols. It also encompasses the set of expectations associated with a product or service, which typically arise in the minds of people. Such people include employees of the brand owner, people involved with the distribution, sale, or supply of the product or service, and ultimate consumers. According to American Marketing Association(AMA) a brand is a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them, indeed to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of the seller and to differentiate them from those of competition Technically speaking, then, whatever a marketer creates a new name, logo or symbol for a new product, he has created a brand As competition creates infinite choices, companies look for ways to connect emotionally with customers, become irreplaceable, and create lifelong relationships. STRONG BRAND stands out in a densely crowded marketplace. People fall in love with brands, trust them, and believe in their superiority DACANAY AND GUMNAD DACANAY AND GUMNAD DACANAY AND GUMNAD DACANAY AND GUMNAD “The research firm measures the brands based on their Consumer Reach Points (CRP) or the population or number of households in the country, penetration or percentage of households purchasing the brand, and consumers' choice and frequency of being chosen by Filipinos. Lucky Me! has a CRP score of 9.4 billion, Kantar said.” https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/09/20/22/kantar-reveals-which-consumer-brands-most-pinoys-buy DACANAY AND GUMNAD What brand are you super comfortable with? Consumers BENEFITS OF BRANDING Manufacturers Identification of the source of product Assignment of responsibility to the product maker Risk reducer Search cost reducer Promise, bond or pact with the maker of a product (expectation) Symbolic device Signal of quality A strong brand influences the buying decision and shapes the ownership experience Means of identification to simplify handling or tracing Means of legally protection unique features Signal of quality level to satisfied customer Means of endowing product with unique associations Source of competitive advantage Source of financial returns DACANAY AND GUMNAD BENEFITS OF BRANDING Sellers Tells a story Provides legal protection Helps segment markets Brands can be promoted. They are easily recognized when displayed in a store or included in an advertising Reduces price comparison Can influence customer loyalty Differentiate commodities Creates trust and an emotional attachment to your product or company Can command a premium price and maximize the number of units that can be sold at that premium Helps make purchasing decisions easier DACANAY AND GUMNAD ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESFUL OF BRAND AUTHENTICITY: Your brand should be a genuine reflection of your company's values and core purpose. RELEVANCE: Your brand must offer something important to consumers and be perceived as delivering that promise better than the competition. COMMITMENT: Your leadership and employees must fully support and invest in the brand promise. Everyone in your organization should live the brand and strive to deliver the promised experience to consumers. When creating a brand, start by defining the brand promise - the experience you want your customers to have. Once you make a promise, it's crucial to keep it. CONSISTENCY: Your brand promise must be upheld across all touchpoints with your customers to build true loyalty. Lack of consistency can lead to loss of trust or it wont build true loyalty DACANAY AND GUMNAD BRANDING PROCESS The process of building a brand involves five steps. 1. Define the brand by identifying its promise and core values. This includes linking the brand to your overall business and defining more detailed promises, called brand drivers, that support the main brand promise. 2. Position the brand by determining your target audience, the benefits they seek from your products/services, and how they perceive your brand in comparison to the competition. 3. Express the/ Design Brand Identity through brand name and brand mark (personality, and identity that customers can easily recognize and remember.) 4. Communicate the Brand. building awareness of the brand through internal and external communication. 5. Measure the brand's value, called brand equity, and performance. This helps determine if the brand is living up to its promise and providing the expected benefits to your business.Although building a brand requires time and investment, doing it properly can create strong, healthy brands that contribute to the success of your business. DACANAY AND GUMNAD BRAND ARCHITECTURE Monolithic brand architecture DESIGING BRAND ARCHITECTURE In this scenario, there is a strong, single master brand around which everything is unified. there is a single brand that is used across all products and services. refers to the hierarchy of brands within a single company. Customers make choices based on brand loyalty It is the interrelationship of the parent company, subsidiary companies, and products is the structure of brands within an organizational entity. It is the way in which the brands within a company’s portfolio are related to, and differentiated from, one another. The architecture should define the different leagues of branding within the organization; how the corporate brand and sub-brands relate to and support each other; and how the sub-brands reflect or reinforce the core purpose of the corporate brand to which they belong. Customers have a clear picture of this company-its person, its values-and make purchasing decisions based on loyalty. the visual identity and the brand name are consistent across products and in global locations "Apple," for all its products and services. This means that all of Apple's products, from the iPhone to the MacBook, are marketed under the same brand name and are closely associated with the company's overall brand image and values. Uber (UberEATS, Uber for Business, Uber Health, etc.) DACANAY AND GUMNAD BRAND ARCHITECTURE Pluralistic brand architecture Endorsed Brand Architecture In this type, the company uses a single brand name for all its products and services but also uses sub-brands to differentiate its offerings. The sub-brands are endorsed by the main brand. Examples of companies that use this type of brand architecture include Microsoft, Nestle, and Marriott. A parent has a series of products that are well known consumer brands All marketing resources are focused on selling these specific target markets brands to their The name of the parent may either be invisible or inconsequential to the the consumer Many parent companies develop a system for corporate endorsement that is tertiary.the parent name is primary recognized by the investment community. Examples of companies that use this type of brand architecture include Unilever, Procter & Gamble, and PepsiCo. DACANAY AND GUMNAD BRAND ARCHITECTURE House of Brands: In this approach, a company creates multiple independent brands, each with its own unique identity, messaging, and target market. Each brand is managed separately and operates independently of the others. Examples of companies that use this approach include Procter & Gamble and Unilever. Branded House: In this approach, a company uses a single master brand to market all its products and services. All the products and services are marketed under the same brand name and share a common visual identity and messaging. Examples of companies that use this approach include FedEx and IBM. Hybrid/Mixed Branding: This approach combines elements of both House of Brands and Branded House approaches. In this approach, a company uses a master brand to market its core products or services, but also creates sub-brands or sub-products with their own identities and messaging. DACANAY AND GUMNAD DEVELOPING BRAND IDENTITY BRAND NAME Words, letters, or symbols that make up a name used to identify and distinguish the firm’s offerings from those of its competitors. That part of a brand that can be spoken part of a brand consisting of words or letters that form a name that identifies and distinguishes a firm’s offering from those of its competitors Is the verbal identity-a proprietary name- for a product, service or group It is an intangible asset, optimally adding value to a brand Main point of reference to any brand and it is the main verbal marketing tool DACANAY AND GUMNAD BRAND NAMES Why are brand names so valuable, anyway? 1. A concept. This is what you use to capture the essence of the appeal you are endeavoring to infuse in your product or service. 2. An identity. This is how people know who you are and what your product is or isn't. Even before a person begins to make a decision about buying your product, the brand automatically influences the decision they are about to make by influencing the way they feel. 3. A message to your customers about your business /products /services. This is the meaning or significance people attach to your brand. Often there are many subtle messages hidden in or associated with a brand name. This meaning helps determine the presence or absence of appeal, the level of appeal and the type of appeal. Don’t blame the kids if they want to follow their passion and do their own thing. 4. A piece of semiotic language (a mixture of words and symbols). This is the way meaning is expressed. It can be an accurate reflection or a very poor reflection of the meaning you want people to have. Invariably it possesses unintended symbolism. The unintended symbolism may be either good or bad, or a mixture of both. 5. A positioning focus and marketing tool. This is the principal feature, and often the only feature, you have to differentiate and position yourself in the marketplace. 6. An asset you can buy or sell like any other commodity. DACANAY AND GUMNAD WHAT CONSTITUTES A GOOD BRAND NAME? MEMORABLE a name should be worth remembering and sufficiently engaging Easily recognized Easily recalled Is short Is distinctive, unique Is easy to pronounce Easy to spell POSITIVE BRAND NAMES The Mitsubishi Pajero is known by different names in various countries. In Spain, the Americas, Philippines, and India, it is referred to as the Montero, while in the UK, it is called the Shogun. The rationale for the different names is due to the fact that the Spanish translation of 'Pajero' sounds like a slang term used to describe someone who engages in selfgratification. Mitsubishi anticipated this potential issue and made arrangements to avoid it. However, some other companies did not take such precautionary measures. It has positive connotation in the markets served TRANSFERABLE Across geographic boundaries and cultures Should not carry poor meanings on other countries and languages LIKABLE Fun and interesting Rich in visual and verbal imagery DACANAY AND GUMNAD BRAND NAMES ADAPTABLE Flexibility Updateable PROTECTABLE Legal ( Is legally protectable in home and foreign markets of interest) It can be owned and trademarked COMPETITIVE REINFORCES THE DESIRED PRODUCT IMAGE VISUAL it lends itself well to graphic presentations FUTURE ORIENTED It positions the company for growth, change and success extendable- a name should be capable of growing and changing with the company and possible brand extension DACANAY AND GUMNAD TYPES OF NAMES FOUNDER: the benefit of using a name that it is it easier to protect, it satisfies an ego ACRONYMS: BRAND NAMES These name are difficult to remember, difficult to copyright DKNY, CNN, IBM, BP Dell computer, Chrysler, Merrill Lynch DESCRIPTIVE: Describes function literally conveys the nature of the business Clearly communicates the intent of the company FABRICATED/ INVENTED/FANCIFUL NAME: the advantage of this type of name is that it may be easier to copyright, it is certainly distinctive, but a company must invest a significant amount of capital into educating its market as tot the nature of the business,service or product Toys R Us SUGGESTIVE Suggestive of a benefit or function Eveready batteries Kodak, Xerox, Exxon ARBITRARY Real words with no obvious tie-in to company Haagen Dazs DACANAY AND GUMNAD BRAND NAMES EXPERIENTIAL Similar to descriptive name but focused on the experience rather than the function Hungry man(frozen dinners), Fidelity(investment) CLASSICAL Based on Latin, Greek or Sanskrit Oreo COMPOUNDS Combination of two or more words Tasters Choice METAPHOR: These name are interesting to visualize and often can tell a good story Things- Arrow Places- Pampanga’s best Color- Pink soda Numbers- 7-11 Mythological character- Athena milk Animals- Mustang DACANAY AND GUMNAD BRAND NAMES DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK Brand mark Symbol or pictorial design that identifies a product The part of a brand not made up of words Brand mark differentiation When a designer create a brand mark, her responsibility is to create a unique symbol that is differentiated, has the power to communicate within a split second. LOGOTYPE Literal Word driven Conceptually simple WORD MARK In Greek mythology, Nike is the Winged Goddess of Victory. The logo is derived from goddess' wing,‘swoosh’, which symbolises the sound of speed, movement, power and motivation. MARKS INCLUDING LETTER FORM typographic PICTORIAL Non typographic ABSTRACT/ SYMBOLIC Symbolic Image driven Conceptually complex DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK WORD MARK Is the name spellled out in unique typography Is a free standing word(s). It maybe a company name or an acronym The best word marks imbue a legible word(s) with distinctive font characteristics, and may integrate abstract elements or pictorial elements DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK LETTERFORM MARKS The single letter is frequently used by designers as a distinctive graphic focal point for a brand mark. The letter is always a unique and proprietary design that is infused with significant personality and meaning the letterform acts a mnemonic device DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK Pictorial mark Is a representational image that symbolizes the brand or social cause, it relate to an identifiable object Uses a literal and recognizable image The image itself may allude to the name of the company or its mission, or it may be symbolic of a brand attribute. DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK CHARACTER MARK is created to embody brand attributes or values, usually a product based brand. DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK Abstract mark Uses visual form to convey a big idea or a brand attribute These marks by their nature can provide strategic ambiguity and work effectively for large companies with numerous and unrelated division Extremely difficult to design DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK Typography Type is the clothing that dresses words, giving them character, emphasis and a subtle but distinct personality that the reader often senses subconsciously Typography is the art of selecting and using an appropriate style of type or font, in a way the reinforces the message of the words, without distracting from them Is a core building block of an effective identity program Must support the positioning strategy and information hierarchy Choosing the right font requires a basic knowledge of the breadth of options and a core understanding of flow effective typography function The typeface needs to be flexible and easy to use, an must provide a a range of expression DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK Simple, elegant and sophisticated Earthy and artisanal, with a slightly rustic vibe DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK Playful and personable Modern and bold. DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK DACANAY AND GUMNAD Color CREATING THE BRAND LOOK Choosing color for anew identity requires a core understanding of color theory, a clear vision of how the brand needs to be perceived and differentiate, and an ability to master consistency and meaning over a broad range of mediums The product manager has to master the physical aspects of color, which mostly have to do with graphic design: boldness, dynamic tension, legibility, and so on. Used to evoke emotion, express personality, and stimulate brand association Color creates emotion, triggers memory and gives sensation Use color to facilitate recognition and build brand equity Color is affected by various reproduction methods.. Colors have different connotations in different cultures DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK Shape color and content DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK Before and after As organizations grow, their purpose becomes more lucid, their positioning is refined, and the stakes may shift as new markets open. The creative team is challenged by three crucial questions What is the business imperative for change? What elements need to be maintained to preserve brand equity? Should the change be evolutionary or revolutionary? Most brand identity initiatives involve redesign DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK DACANAY AND GUMNAD Applying brand marks to packaging CREATING THE BRAND LOOK DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK LA CANYA Here is a brand identity package for a coffee shop, La Canya. The branding was applied to different mediums from the interiors to the food, as well as to marketing collateral such as business cards, posters, etc. DACANAY AND GUMNAD CREATING THE BRAND LOOK BRAND EPHEMERA refers to the short-lived, disposable, and often collectible items that are created to promote a brand or product. These items can include things like stickers, buttons, temporary tattoos, posters, keychains, and other promotional items that are often given away for free at events or with purchases. Brand ephemera is meant to generate buzz and create a sense of excitement around a brand or product, but because it is often only available for a limited time, it can also become highly sought-after by collectors. Some companies even create limited edition brand ephemera specifically for collectors, such as rare variations of packaging, promotional items, or special edition merchandise. DACANAY AND GUMNAD Brand valuation: This method involves estimating the monetary value of a brand based on factors such as market share, customer loyalty, and brand awareness. It can be useful for determining the financial impact of a brand on a company's bottom line. Brand awareness and recall: This method measures the extent to which consumers are aware of a brand and can recall it from memory. It can be assessed through surveys or experiments that measure factors such as recognition and recall. Brand associations: This method assesses the mental connections that consumers make between a brand and specific attributes or values. It can be measured through surveys or experiments that measure factors such as brand personality, perceived quality, and trustworthiness. MEASURING BRAND Customer loyalty: This method measures the extent to which consumers are committed to a brand and are willing to continue purchasing its products or services. It can be assessed through surveys or experiments that measure factors such as repeat purchases and willingness to recommend the brand to others. Market share: This method measures the brand's share of the total market for a particular product or service. It can be useful for determining the brand's relative strength compared to competitors. DACANAY AND GUMNAD TRADEMARK TRADE NAME Is the full and legal name of the organization TRADEMARK A legally protected brand mark The exclusive right to use a brand or part of a brand Is a word, name, symbol, device or combination thereof that identifies and distinguishes the goods ands services of one party from those of others It is an identifier that you trade under to distinguish your goods or services from your competitors' goods or services. There must be no confusion as to who supplies these items. A trademark is only the expression of an identifier (ie the graphics) and not the concept or idea behind the identifier. Anyone clever enough to find a way to exploit the concept without infringing the trademark is free to do exactly that, though the most successful brands invariably corner a completely different niche. Its owner has an exclusive right to its use. The legal description indicating that the owner has exclusive use of the brand or part of the brand that others are prohibited from using it. A brand that does not use one of these symbols may have no protection from the use by competitors. There are two types of trademarks, registered and unregistered. Registered marks use the ® symbol to show that a brand is also a trademark, and unregistered marks use the TM symbol for products and the SM symbol for services. You can only use the ® symbol on your goods and services when your brand is legally registered. It is an offense to claim that a trademark is registered when it isn't. A symbol, word, phrase, logo, or combination of these that legally distinguishes one company's product from any others. Any infringement on a trademark is illegal and, therefore, grounds for the company owning the trademark to sue the infringing party. The use of the ™ symbol next to a trademark, usually in the top right-hand corner, means that the trademark owner claims certain exclusive rights in relation to that trademark. Although this symbol only denotes that the owner holds unregistered trademark rights, such rights can be enforced by way of an action for passing off. The ® symbol is used to denote that a trademark has been registered with the government trade marks office or registry of a particular country or jurisdiction. Upon registration, a trademark can be enforced by way of an action for infringement. The styling of 'trademark as a single word is predominantly used in the United States. In contrast, the two-word styling ‘trademark' is used in many other countries around the world, including the European Union and Commonwealth jurisdictions such as Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. The R symbol means that a certificate of registration is held for the specific category and class of the product or service in the country where it is being sold The sm symbol means service mark DACANAY AND GUMNAD TRADEMARK WHAT CAN BECOME A TRADEMARK? On its own: a name or word… a symbol or logo… a crest or badge… a picture or image… a slogan or motto… … can become a trademark. Practically anything can become a trademark - a word, phrase, signature, logo, brand, symbol, package design, or other unique identifier, or possibly a combination of them. Even a sound, shape, smell, colour combination or the product's look (called trade dress) can become a trademark under some circumstances. Usually, though, a trademark is composed of one or more of these things - a mixture of words and graphics - and the whole trademark is greater than the sum of its parts. A good example of a popular trademark is Nike's swoosh. If another company tried to confuse consumers by using a symbol that looked like the swoosh, that company would be infringing on the Nike's trademark rights. Nike would therefore have grounds to sue. Another trademarked logo that is globally recognized is Coca-Cola’s Wave. the trademark concept extends to include a range of non-conventional signs such as shapes (ie. three-dimensional trademarks), sounds, smells, moving images (eg. signs denoting movement, motion or animation), taste, and perhaps even texture. However, the extent to which such non-conventional trademarks can be protected or even recognised varies considerably from country to country Trademark owners should never use the trademark as a verb or noun, implying the word is generic. Likewise, using the trademark as a plural or possessive (i.e. a noun) will imply the trademark is generic. If the trademark is associated with a patent, the patent holder may need to emphasize a descriptive term for the product that is distinguished from the trademark as a brand name. Trademark owners whose trademark is commonly used by consumers may have to take special proactive measures. Xerox took out ads advising consumers to "photocopy" instead of "Xeroxing" documents. In a less drastic but more common practice, many owners follow their trademark with the word "brand" to help define the word as a trademark. Johnson & Johnson changed the lyrics of their BAND-AID television commercial jingle from, "I am stuck on BAND-AIDs, 'cause BAND-AID's stuck on me" to "I am stuck on BAND-AID brand, 'cause BAND-AID's stuck on me." DACANAY AND GUMNAD TRADEMARK WHAT'S THE PURPOSE OF A TRADEMARK? Legally, the purpose of a trademark is to: Identify the source of a business thing and distinguish that thing from competing things. Protect your ownership. In practice the purpose of a trademark is to: Market your products or services. Be an advertising symbol on its' own. Help customers use their experience either to return to a desirable product or service or to avoid an undesirable one. Indicate something positive about the goods or services without describing them. INTERNATIONAL TRADE MARK LAWS It is important to note that although there are systems which facilitate the filing, registration or enforcement of trade mark rights in more than one jurisdiction on a regional or global basis (eg. the Madrid and CTM systems, see further below), it is currently not possible to file and obtain a single trade mark registration which will automatically apply around the world. Trade mark laws are territorial in nature and generally apply only in the applicable country or jurisdiction, a quality which is sometimes referred to as ‘territoriality’. ⇧ In the European Union the smell of fresh cut grass has been registered in relation to tennis balls (registration no. 428870). As of June 2005 this is the only CTM registration for a smell trademark in the EU. In the United States, the sound of the roar of a lion has been registered as a sound trademark in relation motion pictures by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. NBC was the first to register a sound trademark in the US (i.e. registration no. 0916522 for NBC's distinctive sequence of three-note chimes in relation to television broadcasting services). DACANAY AND GUMNAD GENERIC BRAND NAME Current tradenames that are often used generically Generic Name Brand A brand name over which the original owner has lost exclusive claim because all offerings in the associated class of products have become generally known by the brand name (usually that of the first or leading brand in that product class). names for product categories ie. Velcro is the brand “hooked fabric fastener” is the generic name ie. Xerox is the company “photocopy” is the generic name, “rollerblades, Styrofoam” , Jello, Vaseline, Q-tips, Kleenex BAND-AID - self adhesive bandage Benadryl - antihistamine tablets or liquid Bic - ball point pen (French) Breathalyzer - breath alcohol analyzer made by Draeger Safety, Inc. Bubble Wrap - air-filled plastic packing material Chap Stick - lip balm Cheetos - puffed cheese snacks Coke (short for Coca-cola) - cola, Crock-pot - slow cooker Dixie cups - disposable bathroom cups Dumpster - large trash can Fiberglass - glass fiber Frisbee - flying disc Fiberglass - glass fiber Frisbee - flying disc GoKart - mini racing cars Google - search engine Hoover - vacuum cleaner Hula Hoop - dancing ring iPod - portable digital music player Jacuzzi - whirlpool bath Jeep - army vehicle Jet Ski - motorized watercraft Jell-O - gelatin dessert, or jelly in most parts of the world Kleenex - tissue Laundromat - self-service laundry LEGO - a toy with interlocking blocks Liquid Paper - correction fluid Lycra - a brand of spandex Pampers - disposable diapers for babies and toddlers PG - parental guidance movie rating as are PG 13, G DACANAY AND GUMNAD Phillips Screwdriver - Screwdriver with a cross-pointed drive hole. Photoshop - image editing software, also as a verb, to digitally edit an image Ping-Pong - table tennis Porta Potti - portable toilet Post-It - self-adhering notepaper Polaroid - instant photography Popsicle - quiescently frozen confection Prozac - antidepressant Q-tips - cotton swabs Realtor - real estate agent Rollerblade - inline roller skates Rubbermaid - plastic food storage containers Scotch tape - transparent adhesive tape SPAM - packaged meat SPAM - packaged meat Speedo - tight-fitting swimsuit Styroform - polystyrene filler Superglue - cyanoacrylate adhesive Tabasco - hot spicy sauce TelePrompTer - electronic speech notes Teflon - non-stick surface Thermos - vacuum flask Tupperware - food storage ware Vaseline - petroleum jelly Velcro - re-usable fastening tape Viagra - (TM 1998) drugs to enhance or prolong sexual performance Windbreaker - light jacket Wite-Out - correction fluid Xerox - photocopy machine. Sometimes used as a verb, i.e. "xerox two copies for me" ZIP Code - (US only) postal code Ziploc bags - zipper storage bags DACANAY AND GUMNAD