MMP 201 3rd Lecture.pdf

MMP 201 Lecture notes By Stephen David Adesoye (Environmental Health Scientist) Topic: Phenotypic and Genotypic Criteria of Bacteria Classification Phenotypic criteria Phenotypic cri...

MMP 201 Lecture notes By Stephen David Adesoye (Environmental Health Scientist) Topic: Phenotypic and Genotypic Criteria of Bacteria Classification Phenotypic criteria Phenotypic criteria talk about the appearance of the bacteria that is based on the combination of genetic traits and environmental factors. It has to do with the observable characteristics of the organism. A) Morphology: Shapes B) Intercellular Cell structures: Vacuoles, inclusion Bodies, glycogen, Granules, Endospores C) Extracellular cell structures: Flagella, Pilli, Capsule D) Chemical Composition: Presence of steroids (Mycolic acids in Mycobacteria) E) Cultural Character: Bacteria exhibit various characters in Different medium i) Swarming: They spread across the medium ii) Mucoid or dry iii) Slimy or dry iv) Hemolysis e.g., streptococci F) Staining Reaction: the use of Graham stain (Gram positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria) G) Biochemical reaction i) Biochemical reaction ii) Catalase test iii) Coagulase test iv) Oxidase test v) Sugar fermentation H) Nutritional requirement i) Carbon source bacteria ii) Nitrogen source bacteria  iii) Sulphur source bacteria I) Growth environment: pH: i) alkalophytes bacteria (They grow in alkaline pH) ii) Neutrophytes bacteria (They grow in Neutral pH) iv) iii) Acidophytes bacteria (They grow in Acidic pH) Temperature: Psychrophilic Bacteria (< 20 degree Celsius) Mesophyllic Bacteria (30-32 degree Celsius) Thermophyllic Bacteria (Above 30 degree Celsius) Oxygen requirement: Aerobic Bacteria (Obligate and Facultative Bacteria) Anaerobic Bacteria Growth Factors i) Phototrophs (they require synthesized growth factor material e.g. Vitamin ii) Autotrophs (they can synthesize growth Factor if materials are available). J) Immunological features: serology: the study of bacteria antibody. The presence and absence of antigen. Genotypic Criteria