Mitosis PDF

PRAYER Dear Lord, As we gather to begin this class today, we humbly ask for your presence and please guide us on our class discussion for today. We know that without you, we can do nothing. We ask that you open our minds and hearts to receive the knowledge and understanding we will be received from...

PRAYER Dear Lord, As we gather to begin this class today, we humbly ask for your presence and please guide us on our class discussion for today. We know that without you, we can do nothing. We ask that you open our minds and hearts to receive the knowledge and understanding we will be received from this class. Help us to be attentive and respectful to our teachers and classmates. We pray for the ability to apply what we learn to our daily lives. We give you all the glory and honor. We thank you for all of the blessings you have given us this day. AMEN. ATTENDANCE  CLASSROOM RULES Always remember the acronym KRP... Be K-ind Be R-espectful Be P-articpative CELL REPRODUCTION A. MITOSIS SHS_RES1 SIMOUN DAVE E. ESGUERRA SUBJECT TEACHER  LESSON OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. Characterize the phase of the cell and their control phase 2. describe the stages of mitosis/meiosis given 2n=6  FILL IN IT! Fill the correct letter of the answers being described by each statement. 1. It is the basic unit of life. C_L_ 1. It is the basic unit of life. C_L 2. Any molecule that produced by living organisms B_O__L_CU___ 2. Any molecule that produced by living organisms BIOMOLECULES 3. An organelle that stores water and regulate turgor pressure. C_N_R__ V__U_L_ 3. An organelle that stores water and regulate turgor pressure. CENTRAL VACUOLE 4. Aside from mitochondria, it is an organelle that is independent of the endomembrane system. C_L_R_P_AS_ 4. Aside from mitochondria, it is an organelle that is independent of the endomembrane system. CHLOROPLAST 4. Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through G_P J_NC_IO_S 4. Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through GAP JUNCTIONS 5. A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins? P_PTI_E B_N_ 5. A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins? PEPTIDE BOND 5. Passive leakage of partially digested material from the small intestine into the human abdominal cavity may result from defects in which of the following type of intercellular junction? T_GH_ J_NC_TI_N_ 5. Passive leakage of partially digested material from the small intestine into the human abdominal cavity may result from defects in which of the following type of intercellular junction? TIGHT JUNCTIONS MITOSIS -cell division that results in two daughter cells. -produces two genetically identical “daughter” cells from a single “parent” cell MITOSIS -cell division that results in two daughter cells. -produces two genetically identical “daughter” cells from a single “parent” cell haploid (n)- single set of chromosomes diploid - double set of chromosomes Interphase is the "daily living" or metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, replicates its DNA in preparation for mitosis, and conducts other "normal" cell functions. In S phase, the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus. In G1 phase, G1 phase is the growth phase, where cells are provisioned with metabolites while most biosynthesis occurs. In G2 phase, growth and preparation for mitosis Cell Cycle Checkpoints Surveillance mechanisms that monitor the order, integrity, and fidelity of the major events of the cell cycle. The G0 phase, also known as the resting phase, is the period of the cell cycle during which the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide. -Some cells are permanent in the G0 phase, such as the heart cells and nerve cells. MITOSIS PROPHASE PROPHASE PROPHASE The chromosomes start to condense (making them easier to pull apart later on). Nucleolus (ribosomes synthesis), disappears. The mitotic spindle begins to form. The role of the spindle, a structure made up of microtubules, is to organize the chromosomes. PROMETAPHASE PROMETAPHASE (LATE PROPHASE) The chromosomes become even more condensed, so they are very compact. The nuclear envelope breaks down, releasing the chromosomes. The mitotic spindle grows more, and some of the microtubules start to “capture” chromosomes. Centromeres are the regions of DNA where the sister chromatids are most tightly connected. Kinetochore are proteins found on the centromere of each sister chromatid METAPHASE The chromosomes become even more condensed, so they are very compact. The nuclear envelope breaks down, releasing the chromosomes. The mitotic spindle grows more, and some of the microtubules start to “capture” chromosomes. METAPHASE METAPHASE All the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (not a physical structure, just a term for the plane where the chromosomes line up). At this stage, the two kinetochores of each chromosome should be attached to microtubules from opposite spindle poles. ANAPHASE ANAPHASE In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell. The protein “glue” that holds the sister chromatids together is broken down, allowing them to separate. Each is now its own chromosome. The chromosomes of each pair are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell. Microtubules not attached to chromosomes elongate and push apart, separating the poles and making the cell longer. TELOPHASE TELOPHASE In telophase, the cell is nearly done dividing, and it starts to re- establish its normal structures as cytokinesis (division of the cell contents) takes place. The mitotic spindle is broken down into its building blocks. Two new nuclei form, one for each set of chromosomes. Nuclear membranes and nucleoli reappear. The chromosomes begin to decondense and return to their “stringy” form. Cytokinesis-division of the cytoplasm