Minna no Nihongo Romajiban PDF

 Lesson 1 1 I. Vocabulary watashi わたし I anata あなた you ano hito (ano kata) あの ひと（あの かた） that person, he, she（ano kata is the polite eq...

 Lesson 1 1 I. Vocabulary watashi わたし I anata あなた you ano hito (ano kata) あの ひと（あの かた） that person, he, she（ano kata is the polite equivalent of ano hito） -san ～さん Mr., Ms.（suffix added to a name for expressing politeness） -chan ～ちゃん （suffix often added to a child＇s name instead of -san） -jin ～じん （suffix meaning ＇a national of ＇; e.g. Amerika-jin, an American） sensei せんせい teacher, instructor（not used when referring to one＇s own job） kyŌshi きょうし teacher, instructor gakusei がくせい student kaishain かいしゃいん company employee shain しゃいん employee of ～ company（used with a 10 company＇s name, e.g. IMC no shain） ginkŌin ぎんこういん bank employee isha いしゃ [medical] doctor kenkyūsha けんきゅうしゃ researcher, scholar daigaku だいがく university byŌin びょういん hospital dare (donata) だれ（どなた） who（donata is the polite equivalent of dare） -sai －さい — years old nan-sai (o-ikutsu) なんさい（おいくつ）how old（o-ikutsu is the polite equivalent of nan-sai） hai い yes iie いいえ no 〈Renshū C〉 Hajimemashite. じめまして。 How do you do?（lit. I am meeting 1 you for the first time. Usually used as the first phrase when introducing oneself.） ～ kara kimashita. ～から きました。 I＇m from ～（ country ）. [DŌzo] yoroshiku ［どうぞ］よろしく Pleased to meet you.（lit. Please be [onegai-shimasu]. ［おねがいします］。 nice to me. Usually used at the end of a self-introduction.） shitsurei desu ga しつれいですが Excuse me, but（used when asking someone for personal information such as their name or address） O-namae wa? おなまえ ？ May I have your name? Kochira wa -san desu. こちら ～さんです。 This is Mr./Ms. ～. Amerika アメリカ U.S.A. Igirisu イギリス U.K. Indo インド India 11 Indoneshia インドネシア Indonesia Kankoku かんこく South Korea Tai タイ Thailand Chūgoku ちゅうごく China Doitsu ドイツ Germany Nihon にほん Japan Burajiru ブラジル Brazil IMC/Pawā-denki/ IMC／パワーでんき／ fictitious companies ブラジルエアー Burajiru-eā AKC AKC a fictitious institute KŌbe-byŌin こうべびょういん a fictitious hospital Sakura-daigaku/ さくらだいがく／ fictitious universities ふじだいがく Fuji-daigaku  II. Translation 1 Sentence Patterns 1） I＇m Mike Miller. Watashi wa Maiku Mira- desu. 2） Mr. Santos isn＇t a student. Santosusan wa gakusei ja arimasen. 3） Is Mr. Miller a company employee? Mira-san wa kaishain desu ka. 4） Mr. Santos is also a company employee. Santosusan mo kaishain desu. Example Sentences 1. Are you [Mr.] Mike Miller? (Anata wa) Maiku Mira-san desu ka. - Hai (watashi wa) Maiku Mira- desu. ……Yes, I am [Mike Miller]. 2. Are you a student, Mr. Miller? Mira-san wa gakusei desu ka. - iie, (watashi wa) gakusei ja arimasen. ……No, I＇m not [a student]. 3. Is Mr. Wang a bank employee? Wansan wa ginkouin desu ka. - Iie, Wansan wa ginkouin ja arimasen. ……No, he isn＇t [a bank employee]. He＇s a doctor. Isha desu. 4. Who＇s that [person]? Anokata wa donata desu ka. ……That＇s Professor Watt. He＇s at Sakura University. - Wattosan desu. Sakura Daigaku no sensei desu. 5. Is Mr. Gupta a company employee? Guputasan wa kaishain desu ka.- hai, kaishain ……Yes, he is [a company employee]. Is Karina a company employee, too? desu. 12 Karinasan mo kaishain desu ka.- iie, gakusei ……No, she＇s a student. desu. 6. How old is Teresa? Teresachan wa nansai desu ka. ……She＇s nine [years old]. -9sai desu. Conversation How do you do? Sato: Good morning. Ohayou gozaimasu. Yamada: Good morning. Ohayou gozaimasu. Satosan, Kochira wa Maiku Ms. Sato, this is Mike Miller. Mira-san desu. Miller: How do you do? Hajimemashite. Maiku Mira- desu. Amerika kara I＇m Mike Miller. kimashita. Douzo yoroshiku. I＇m from America. Pleased to meet you. Sato: I＇m Keiko Sato. Satou Keiko desu. Douzo yoroshiku. Nice to meet you. III. Useful Words and Information 1 KUNI・HITO・KOTOBA Countries, People and Languages Kuni Country Hito People Kotoba Language Amerika (U.S.A.) Amerika-jin Eigo (English) Igirisu (U.K.) Igirisu-jin Eigo (English) Itaria (Italy) Itaria-jin Itaria-go (Italian) Iran (Iran) Iran-jin Perushia-go (Persian) Indo (India) Indo-jin Hindii-go (Hindi) Indoneshia (Indonesia) Indoneshia-jin Indoneshia-go (Indonesian) Ejiputo (Egypt) Ejiputo-jin Arabia-go (Arabic) Ōsutoraria (Australia) Ōsutoraria-jin Eigo (English) Kanada (Canada) Kanada-jin Eigo (English) Furansu-go (French) Kankoku (South Korea) Kankoku-jin Kankoku-go (Korean) Saujiarabia (Saudi Arabia) Saujiarabia-jin Arabia-go (Arabic) ShingapŌru (Singapore) ShingapŌru-jin Eigo (English) 13 Supein (Spain) Supein-jin Supein-go (Spanish) Tai (Thailand) Tai-jin Tai-go (Thai) Chūgoku (China) Chūgoku-jin Chūgoku-go (Chinese) Doitsu (Germany) Doitsu-jin Doitsu-go (German) Nihon (Japan) Nihon-jin Nihon-go (Japanese) Furansu (France) Furansu-jin Furansu-go (French) Firipin (Philippines) Firipin-jin Firipino-go (Filipino) Burajiru (Brazil) Burajiru-jin Porutogaru-go (Portuguese) Betonamu (Vietnam) Betonamu-jin Betonamu-go (Vietnamese) Marēshia (Malaysia) Marēshia-jin Marēshia-go (Malaysian) Mekishiko (Mexico) Mekishiko-jin Supein-go (Spanish) Roshia (Russia) Roshia-jin Roshia-go (Russian)  IV. Gra​ mmar Notes 1 1． N1 wa N2 desu 1） Particle wa The particle wa indicates that the noun before it (N1) is the topic of the sentence (see Topic and Subject article). The speaker forms a sentence by adding wa to what he or she wants to talk about, and then makes statements about it. ① Watashi wa Maiku Mirā desu. I＇m Mike Miller. 2） Desu Nouns used with desu work as predicates. Besides indicating judgment or assertion, desu also shows politeness towards the listener. Desu inflects when the sentence is negative (see 2. below) or in the past tense (see Lesson 12). ② Watashi wa kaishain desu. I＇m a company employee. 2． N1 wa N2 ja (dewa) arimasen Ja (dewa) arimasen is the negative form of desu. Ja arimasen is often used in everyday conversation, while dewa arimasen is used in formal speech and writing. ③ Santosu-san wa gakusei ja arimasen. Mr. Santos isn＇t a student. (dewa) 14 3． N1 wa N2 desu ka (question) 1） Pa​ rticle ka The particle ka is used to express uncertainty, doubt, etc. on the part of the speaker. A question can be formed simply by adding ka to the end of a sentence. A question usually ends with a rising intonation. 2） Qu​ estions asking whether a statement is correct or not This type of question is formed simply by adding ka to the end of the statement, leaving the word order the same. The reply begins with hai if the statement is agreed with, and iie if it is disagreed with. ④ Mirā-san wa Amerika-jin desu ka. Is Mr. Miller an American? ……Hai, Amerika-jin desu. ……Yes, he is [an American]. ⑤ Mirā-san wa sensei desu ka. Is Mr. Miller a teacher? ……Iie, sensei ja arimasen. ……No, he isn＇t [a teacher]. 3） Qu​ estions with interrogatives An interrogative replaces the part of the sentence that states what the speaker wants to ask about. The word order does not change, and ka is added at the end. ⑥ Ano kata wa donata desu ka. Who＇s that [person]? ……[Ano kata wa] Mirā-san desu. ……That＇s Mr. Miller. 4． N mo Mo is used when the same thing applies as was stated previously. 1 ⑦ Mirā-san wa kaishain desu. Guputa-san mo kaishain desu. Mr. Miller is a company employee. Mr Gupta is also a company employee. 5． N1 no N2 When a noun N1 modifies a following noun N2, no is used to connect the two nouns. In Lesson 1, N1 represents an organisation or some kind of group to which N2 belongs. ⑧ Mirā-san wa IMC no shain desu. Mr. Miller is an IMC employee. 6． -san -san is added to the given name or family name of the listener or a third person to show the speaker ＇ s respect to that person. It should never be used with the speaker ＇ s own name. -chan is added to small children＇s names instead of -san to indicate familiarity. ⑨ Ano kata wa Mirā-san desu. That＇s Mr. Miller. When referring directly to the listener, the word anata (you) is not generally used if the speaker knows the listener ＇ s name. The listener ＇ s given name or family name followed by -san is usually used. ⑩ Suzuki: Mirā-san wa gakusei desu ka. Suzuki: Are you a student, Mr. Miller? Mirā: Iie, kaishain desu. Miller: No, I work for a company. 15 ［ Note ］ Anata is used to address someone with whom one is very familiar, such as one＇s husband, wife, romantic partner, etc. Be careful about using it in other situations, as it can sound impolite.  Lesson 2 I. Vocabulary 2 kore これ this（thing here） sore それ that（thing near the listener） are あれ that（thing over there） kono ～ この ～ this ～, this ～ here sono ～* その ～ that ～, that ～ near the listener ano ～* あの ～ that ～, that ～ over there hon ほん book jisho じしょ dictionary zasshi ざっし magazine shinbun しんぶん newspaper nŌto ノート notebook techŌ てちょう personal organiser meishi めいし business card kādo カード （credit）card 16 enpitsu えんぴつ pencil bŌrupen ボールペン ballpoint pen shāpu-penshiru シャープペンシル mechanical pencil, propelling pencil kagi かぎ key tokei とけい watch, clock kasa かさ umbrella kaban かばん bag, briefcase CD CD CD, compact disc terebi テレビ television rajio ラジオ radio kamera カメラ camera konpyūtā コンピューター computer kuruma くるま car, vehicle tsukue つくえ desk isu いす chair chokorēto チョコレート chocolate kŌhii コーヒー coffee  [o-]miyage ［お］みやげ souvenir, present Eigo えいご the English language Nihon-go にほんご the Japanese language 2 -go ～ご ～ language nan なん what sŌ そう so 〈Renshū C〉 anŌ あのう Er...（used to show hesitation） e えっ Oh? What! （ used when hearing something unexpected） DŌzo. どうぞ。 Here you are.（used when offering someone something） [DŌmo] arigatŌ ［どうも］ありがとう Thank you [very much]. [gozaimasu]. ［ございます］ 。 SŌ desu ka. そうですか。 I see. Chigaimasu. ちがいます。 No, it isn＇t./You are wrong. 17 a あ Oh!（used when becoming aware of something） 〈Kaiwa〉 Korekara osewa ni これから おせわに Thank you in advance for narimasu. なります。 your kindness. こちらこそ［どうぞ］ Kochira koso [dŌzo] よろしく［おねがい Pleased to meet you, too.（response to yoroshiku [onegai- します］。 [DŌzo] yoroshiku [onegai-shimasu].） shimasu].  II. Translation Sentence Patterns 2 1. This is a dictionary. Kore wa jisho desu. 2. That＇s my umbrella. Sore wa watashi no kasa desu. 3. This book is mine. Kono hon wa watashi no desu. Example Sentences 1. Is this a ballpoint pen? Kore wa bo-rupen desu ka.= hai, sou desu. ……Yes, it is. 2. Is that a notebook? Sore wa no-to desu ka.= Iie, techou desu. ……No, it＇s a personal organiser. 3. What＇s that? Sore wa nan desu ka.= Kore wa meishi desu. ……It＇s a business card. 4. Is this a 9, or a 7? Kore wa 9 desu ka. 7 desu ka.= 9 desu. ……It＇s a 9. 5. What kind of magazine is that? Sore wa nan no zasshi desu ka.= kompyu-ta- no zasshi desu. ……It＇s a computer magazine. 6. Whose bag is that? Sore wa dare no kaban desu ka.= Satosan no kaban desu. ……It＇s Ms. Sato＇s [bag]. 18 7. Is this yours, Mr. Miller? Mira-san, kore wa anata no desu ka.= Iie, watashi no ja arimasen. ……No, it＇s not [mine]. 8. Whose is this key? Dare no kagi desu ka.= Watashi no desu. ……It＇s mine. Conversation Thank you in advance for your kindness Ichiro Yamada: Yes, who is it? Santos: It＇s Jose Santos, from 408. …………………………………………………… Santos: Hello, I＇m Jose Santos. I＇ve just moved in here. (lit: Thank you in advance for your kindness.) Nice to meet you. Ichiro Yamada: Pleased to meet you, too. Santos: Here＇s some coffee for you. (lit: Umm....... this is coffee. Please take it.) Ichiro Yamada: Thank you very much. III. Useful Words and Information NAMAE Family Names Common Family Names in Japanese 2 1 SatŌ 2 Suzuki 3 Takahashi 4 Tanaka 5 Watanabe 6 ItŌ 7 Yamamoto 8 Nakamura 9 Kobayashi 10 KatŌ 11 Yoshida 12 Yamada 13 Sasaki 14 SaitŌ 15 Yamaguchi 16 Matsumoto 17 Inoue 18 Kimura 19 Hayashi 20 Shimizu 城岡啓二、村山忠重「日本の姓の全国順位データベース」より。2011 年 8 月公開 Taken from ＇A Database of the Nationwide Order of Prevalence of Japanese Family Names＇, by Keiji Shirooka and Tadashige Murayama August 2011 19 Greetings Hajimemashite. ⇦ When people meet for the first time on business, business cards are exchanged. DŌzo yoroshiku onegai-shimasu. When you move house, it is polite to introduce yourself to your new neighbours and give them a ⇨ small gift, such as a towel, soap or sweets.  IV. Grammar Notes 1. kore/sore/are Kore, sore and are are demonstratives and work as nouns. 2 Kore refers to something near the speaker. Sore refers to something near the listener. Are refers to something distant from both the speaker and the listener. ① Sore wa jisho desu ka. Is that a dictionary? ② Kore wa dare no kasa desu ka. Whose umbrella is this? 2. kono N/sono N/ano N Kono, sono and ano modify nouns. ③ Kono hon wa watashi no desu. This book is mine. ④ Ano kata wa donata desu ka. Who is that [person]? are ano kaban 20 kore sore kono kaban sono kaban 3. sō desu In a noun sentence, the word sŌ is often used to answer (in the affirmative) a question requiring an affirmative or negative answer. The expression hai, sŌ desu. can be used. ⑤ Sore wa jisho desu ka. Is that a dictionary? ……Hai, sŌ desu. ……Yes, it is. SŌ is not usually used when answering a question in the negative; it is more common to say chigaimasu (No, it isn＇t), followed by the correct answer. ⑥ Sore wa Mirā-san no desu ka. Is that Mr. Miller＇s? ……Iie, chigaimasu. ……No, it isn＇t. ⑦ Sore wa shāpu-penshiru desu ka. Is that a mechanical pencil? ……Iie, bŌrupen desu. ……No, it＇s a ballpoint pen. 4. ～ ka, ～ ka This is a question asking the listener to choose between two or more alternatives for the answer. In answering this type of question, it is usual to state the chosen alternative, without saying either hai or iie. 2 ⑧ Kore wa “9” desu ka, “7” desu ka. Is this a 9 or a 7? …… “9” desu. ……It＇s a 9. 5. N1 no N2 It was explained in Lesson 1 that no is used to connect two nouns N1 and N2 when N1 modifies N2. The present lesson explains some other uses of no. 1） N1 explains what N2 is about. ⑨ Kore wa konpyūtā no hon desu. This is a book on computers. 2） N1 indicates who owns N2. ⑩ Kore wa watashi no hon desu. This is my book. 6. no substituting for a noun No can be used instead of a noun that has already been mentioned (e.g. instead of kaban in example ⑪ ). If placed after the noun (as in example ⑪ , where it comes after the noun SatŌ-san), it enables N2 (kaban) in N1 no N2 (SatŌ-san no kaban) to be omitted. No is used as a replacement for things but not for people. 21 ⑪ Are wa dare no kaban desu ka. Whose bag is that? ……SatŌ-san no desu. ……It＇s Ms. Sato＇s. ⑪ Kono kaban wa anata no desu ka. Is this bag yours? ……Iie, watashi no ja arimasen. ……No, it isn＇t [mine]. ⑪ Mirā-san wa IMC no shain desu ka. Does Mr. Miller work at IMC? ……Hai, IMC no shain desu. ……Yes, he does. × Hai, IMC no desu. 7. o- The prefix o- is attached to words when the speaker is speaking politely (e.g. [o-]miyage, [o-]sake). 8. sō desu ka This expression is used by the speaker to acknowledge some new information he or she has just been given. It is pronounced with a falling intonation. ⑪ Kono kasa wa anata no desu ka. Is this umbrella yours? ……Iie, chigaimasu. Shumitto-san no desu. ……No, it isn＇t. It＇s Mr Schmidt＇s. SŌ desu ka. Oh, I see.