MIL Reviewer.pdf

1. Misinformation: This refers to false or inaccurate information CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION SOURCE that is spread unintentionally. It can arise from a. LIBRARY SOURCE- library is a building or room where misunderstanding, mistakes, or misinterpr...

1. Misinformation: This refers to false or inaccurate information CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION SOURCE that is spread unintentionally. It can arise from a. LIBRARY SOURCE- library is a building or room where misunderstanding, mistakes, or misinterpretation of facts. literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as 2. Disinformation: false information deliberately created and books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for use but spread with the intention to deceive and manipulate people. not for sale. It's often used as a tool for propaganda, political manipulation, or to advance certain agendas. FOUR TYPES OF LIBRARY 3. Malinformation: refers to true information that is shared with 1. School Library- serves students from Kindergarten to grade the intent to harm a person, organization, or entity. It involves 12. the dissemination of private or sensitive information, such as 2. Academic Library- serves colleges and universities personal data, confidential documents, or damaging truths, 3. Public Library- serves cities and towns of all types often without context and with the aim of causing harm, 4. Special Library- is in specialized environments, such as embarrassment, or distress to the subject. hospitals, corporations, museums, the military, private business, and the government. TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES a) PRIMARY SOURCE- -provide first-hand observations or SKILLS IN ACCESSING INFORMATION FROM THE LIBRARY direct evidence concerning a topic under investigation. They The access tool to use are created by witnesses or recorders at or near the time of The depth of details required the event. Examples: Literary arts, poems, photographs, artifacts, minutes of b. INTERNET SOURCE- internet is a global computer network meeting, diaries, autobiographies providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized b) SECONDARY SOURCE- - accounts written after the fact with communication protocols. the benefit of hindsight. They are interpretations and THINGS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING INFORMATION: The evaluations of primary sources. RAVAT Examples: commentary, literary review, political analysis, movie Reliability. Information is reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. review, biographies Accuracy. It refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Value. Information is valuable if it aids the user in making or improving c) TERTIARY SOURCE- consist of information which is a decisions. distillation and collection of primary and secondary sources; Authority. Sources with an established expert on the subject matter often used as a referencing tool or reference material. are considered as having sound authority on the subject. Examples: directories, dictionary, catalog, almanac, manuals, Timeliness. Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary guidebooks, indexing and abstracting sources based on whether it was produced or acquired.  SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY OF THE TYPES OF CODES INFORMATION a. SYMBOLIC CODES- show what is beneath the surface of what we Check the author. see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc.) or iconic Check the date of publication. symbols that are easily understood. It includes the language, dress or Check for citations. actions of characters, or iconic symbols that are easily understood. Check the domain or owner of the site or page. Check the site design and the writing style. METHODS OF DESCRIBING A WORD 1. CONNOTATION- refers to the wide array of positive and negative associations that most words naturally carry with SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE ACCURACY OF THE them. INFORMATION 2. DENOTATION- the precise, literal definition of a word that Look for facts. might be found in a dictionary. Cross-reference with other sources to check for consistency. Determine the reason for writing and publishing the SETTING- time and place of the narrative. information. MISE EN SCENE- everything within the frame,’ the description of all the objects within a frame of the media product and how c. HUMAN SOURCE- a person who contributes information to a piece they have been arranged. of reportage, whether or not it is ultimately published or aired in any ACTING- Actors portray characters in media products and venue – print, the internet, radio (audio podcasts included), video on a contribute to character development, creating tension or news report on television, the web or in a documentary film advancing the narrative MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES b. WRITTEN CODES- the formal written language used in a media Language - pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or product. It is a use of language style and textual layout. Example: codes and conventions that media and information professionals may Speech bubbles, Headline, Captions select and use in an effort to communicate ideas, information and knowledge. c. TECHNICAL CODES- are ways in which equipment is used to tell Media Languages - codes, conventions, formats, symbols and the story This includes sound, camera angles, types of shots and narrative structures that indicate the meaning of media messages to lighting as well as camera techniques, framing, depth of field, lighting, an audience. exposure and juxtaposition Genre- comes from the French word meaning 'type' or 'class‘ and can be recognized by its common set of distinguishing features (codes and conventions). CODES- are systems of signs, which create meaning. Semiotics is the study of signs.  CAMERA SHOTS 4. Over-the-Shoulder Shot (OTS)- shows your subject from A camera shot is composed of the series of frames that are shot behind the shoulder of another character. uninterrupted from the moment the camera starts rolling until it stops. 5. Over-the-Hip Shot- similar to over-the-shoulder in that the 1. Extreme Wide Shot (ELS)- also called extreme wide shots camera is placed with a character's hip in the foreground, and such as a large crowd scene or a view of scenery as far as the the focus subject in the plane of acceptable focus. horizon. 6. Insert Shot- any shot that's sole purpose is to focus the 2. Long Shot (LS) / Wide Shot (WS)- a view of a situation or viewer's attention to a specific detail within a scene. setting from a distance. 7. Point-of-View Shot (POV)- a camera shot that shows the 3. Full Shot (FS)- A view of a figure’s entire body in order to show viewer exactly what that character sees. action and/or a constellation group of characters 8. Crowd Shot 4. Medium Long Shot (MLS) / Medium Wide Shot (MWS)- - shows a group of people in interaction with each other, CAMERA SHOT ANGLE example: fight scene with part of their surroundings in the The camera shot angle is used to specify the location where the picture camera is placed to take a shot. 5. Cowboy Shot- frames the subject from roughly mid-thighs up. 1. Eye Level Shot- When your subject is at eye-level they’re in a 6. Medium Shot (MS)- frames from roughly the waist up and neutral perspective (not superior or inferior). through the torso. 2. Low Angle Shot- frames the subject from a low camera 7. Medium Close Up (MCU)- shows a subject down to his/her height looking up at them. chest/waist. 3. High Angle Shot- the camera points down at the subject. It 8. Close Up (CU)- a full screen shot of a subject’s face showing usually creates a feeling of inferiority, or “looking down” on the finest nuances of expression your subject. 9. Extreme Close Up (ECU)- An extreme close-up is the most 4. Hip Level Shot- A hip level shot is when your camera is you can fill a this is a shot from way up high. It establishes a roughly waist-high. large expanse of scenery. frame with your subject. It often 5. Knee Level Shot- This is when camera height is about as low shows eyes, mouth and gun triggers. In extreme close-up as your subject’s knees. shots, smaller objects get great detail and are the focal point. 6. Ground Level Shot- A ground level shot is when the camera's 10. Establishing Shot- An establishing shot is a shot at the head of height is on ground level with the subject. a scene that clearly shows us the location of the action 7. Shoulder-Level Shot- This is when your camera is roughly as high as your subject’s shoulders. CAMERA SHOT FRAMING 8. Dutch Tilt Shot- The camera is slanted to one side. With the Camera shot framing is the art and science of placing subjects in horizon lines tilted in this way, you can create a sense of your shots. disorientation 1. Single Shot- When your shot captures one subject it’s known 9. Birds-Eye-View Shot / Overhead Shot- An overhead shot as a single shot. (bird’s eye view) is from way up high, looking down on your 2. Two Shot- a camera shot with two characters featured in the subject and a good amount of the scenery surrounding him or frame. her. 3. Three Shot- features three characters in the frame.  10. Aerial Shot / Helicopter Shot- Whether taken from a MESSAGES - the information sent from a source to a receiver. helicopter or drone. AUDIENCE - the group of consumers for whom a media message was constructed as well as anyone else who is exposed to the CAMERA MOVEMENT message. Camera movement is a powerful filmmaking tool employed to modify PRODUCERS - People engaged in the process of creating and the relationship between the subject and the camera frame, with the putting together media content to make a finished media product. goal of altering the viewer's perspective of space and time for a more STAKEHOLDERS - Libraries, archives, museums, internet and other impactful and visceral visual storytelling. relevant information providers. 1. Static / Fixed Shot- When there’s no movement (i.e. locked camera aim) it’s called a static shot. 2. Dolly Shot- when the camera is affixed to a mechanism called a dolly, which is a specialized push-cart built to handle heavy cinema cameras. 3. Zoom Shot- camera shots that change the focal length of the lens during the shot 4. Pan Shot- Camera pans rotates the camera side to side on a horizontal axis. 5. Tilt Shot- A camera tilt is when you move your camera up and down on a vertical axis. 6. Tracking Shot- A tracking shot moves with your subject. Sometimes it follows behind or beside them on a dolly, Steadicam or a gimbal. CONVENTION- refers to a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing behavior generally established and accepted ways of doing something. EXAMPLES OF CONVENTION A. FORM CONVENTION- are the distinct ways that audiences expect codes to be arranged in media. B. STORY CONVENTION- These story conventions are common narrative structures and expectations from the media. C. GENRE CONVENTION- include the common use of tropes, characters, settings or themes in a certain media.