Media and Information Sources PDF

1. Indigenous Sources Indigenous is a native, local, originating or produced naturally in a particular region and locality. Its indigenous knowledge is unique to MEDIA AND a special culture or society, most often it is not INFORMATION wri...

1. Indigenous Sources Indigenous is a native, local, originating or produced naturally in a particular region and locality. Its indigenous knowledge is unique to MEDIA AND a special culture or society, most often it is not INFORMATION written down. SOURCES This includes local/indigenous knowledge, it is owned, controlled, and managed by indigenous peoples. It refers to the traditional knowledge and practices developed by indigenous or local communities over generations. This knowledge is often closely tied to the environment and culture.  Characteristics of Indigenous Knowledge a. Oral tradition of communication b. Store information in memories MEDIA AND c. Information exchange is face to face INFORMATION d. Information is contained within the border of the community SOURCES Forms of Indigenous Media 1. Folk Dance, Songs. 2. Gatherings and Social Organizations 3. Sculptures 4. Oral Instruction  2. Library Library is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for MEDIA AND use but not for sale. Types of Library: INFORMATION a. Academic Library – serves colleges and SOURCES universities. b. Public Library- serves cities and towns, of all types. c. School Library- Serves students from Kindergarten to Grade 12. d. Special Library – specialized environments, such as hospitals, corporations, museums, the military, private business, and the government.  3. Internet Internet is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of MEDIA AND interconnected networks using standardized INFORMATION communication protocols SOURCES Top 3 Best Search Engine websites in the World 1. www.google.com 2. www.yahoo.com 3. www.bing.com  Top 3 Best Search Engine websites in the World 1. www.google.com - Google Search Engine is the best search engine in the world MEDIA AND and it is also one of most popular products from Google. INFORMATION 2. www.yahoo.com - Yahoo & Bing compete SOURCES more with each other than with Google. Yahoo is an American web services provider headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, and owned by Verizon Media. 3. www.bing.com - – Bing is Microsoft’s answer to Google and it was launched in 2009. Bing is the default search engine in Microsoft’s web browser. Things to consider in Evaluating Information 1. Reliability The Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluate. 2. Accuracy Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being evaluated. 3. Value The information is said to be valued if it aids the user in making or improving decisions. Things to consider in Evaluating Information 1. Reliability The Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluate. 2. Accuracy Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being evaluated. 3. Value The information is said to be valued if it aids the user in making or improving decisions. Things to consider in Evaluating Information 4. Authority The authority of the source is the one authored or published the information and the credibility of the sources. 5. Timeliness. The source reliability, accuracy and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired. It may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable). ACTIVITY 5 – ½ Crosswise FIND A PAIR AND COLLABORATE WITH THEM TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 1. What are your observations on Philippine news programs on television and digital media? What are the usual themes, topics, or subjects of the news reports? 2. Examine a local program. What can you say about local entertainment programs you see on television? What value/s do you think do they promote? Choose an example of program, as a case of your answers. PERFORMANCE TASK #2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS in MEDIA PORTRAYAL GENERAL INSTRUCTION: Choose multiple sources of media (e.g., news articles from different outlets, TV news clips, print, and news website) that depict the same subject. Compare and contrast how different media sources portray the individuals, group of people, organization, etc. Discuss the potential reasons for variations in portrayal and how media bias may play a role. A combination of textual (75%) and graphical discussion(25%) should be observed in the output. GUIDE QUESTIONS: What are the key similarities and differences between multiple media sources on the same subject? How do the language and tone vary between the different sources? Do the visuals or imagery in the various sources differ significantly? Are there variations in the sources' use of evidence or references? PERFORMANCE TASK #2 GUIDE QUESTIONS: Are there variations in the sources' use of evidence or references? What do these variations in media portrayal reveal about media bias or perspective? How might different audiences interpret these variations in media portrayal? What conclusions can be drawn from the comparative analysis? OUTPUT SHOULD BE ENCODED AND PRINTED: Tahoma - 12 Margin 1’’ (top, right, and bottom) 2” ( left) Use long coupon for your answers. SEPTEMBER 4, 2024 the individual or society. Discuss the potential reasons for variations in portrayal ACTIVITY and how media 5 – ½ Crosswise bias may play a role. A combination of textual (75%) and graphical discussion(25%) should be observed in the output. Outputs should be made through any of the following (Powerpoint, Word, Websites, Canva and the like) No hard copy needed. GUIDE QUESTIONS: What are the key similarities and differences between multiple media sources on  The students are expected to do the following after the lesson: evaluates everyday media and information with regard to with codes, LESSON 6 convention, and messages; in regards with audience, producers, and other Stakeholders produces and assesses the codes, convention, and messages of a group presentation  Media Languages Media Messages - It refers to the content or information that is conveyed through various forms of mass communication. Typically, they have commercial, political, and social intentions behind them. Media Languages. These are codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structures that indicate and delivers the meaning of media messages to an audience. Codes. In media studies, codes are known as a system or collection of signs that create meaning when put together. There are three types of media codes: Symbolic codes, Technical codes, Written Codes  1. SYMBOLIC CODES These codes show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc.) or iconic symbols that are easily understood. a. Setting is the time and place of the narrative. A setting can be a s big as the galaxy or space, or as small as a specific room. It can even be a created atmosphere or frame of mind. b. Mise-en-Scene – “everything within the frame.” The arrangement of actors and scenery on a stage for a theatrical production.  1. SYMBOLIC CODES These codes show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc.) or iconic symbols that are easily understood. a. Setting is the time and place of the narrative. A setting can be a s big as the galaxy or space, or as small as a specific room. It can even be a created atmosphere or frame of mind. SET DESIGN - COSTUME - Costume includes the wardrobe choices and make- up that is used to convey a character’s status or personality. PROPS  1. SYMBOLIC CODES These codes show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc.) or iconic symbols that are easily understood. b. Mise-en-Scene is a French term that means “everything within the frame”, it pertains to the description of all objects seen in the frame. SET DESIGN - COSTUME - Costume includes the wardrobe choices and make- up that is used to convey a character’s status or personality. PROPS  1. SYMBOLIC CODES COSTUME - Costume includes the wardrobe choices and make- up that is used to convey a character’s status or personality.  1. SYMBOLIC CODES Prop is short for property, another term borrowed from the theatre. When an object in the setting has a function within the ongoing action, it is then called a prop.  Acting. The actors portray characters in media products and contribute to character development, creating tension or advancing the narrative. Facial Expression Body Language Vocal Qualities Colour has highly cultural and strong connotations. When studying the use of color in a media product the different aspects to be looked at are: Dominant color, Contrasting foils, and Color Symbolism. Media products may have a colour palette, a set of colours that are used consistently throughout to create a tone or mood. COLOUR DOMINANT COLOUR CONTRASTING FOILS  1. SYMBOLIC CODES COLOR SYMBOLISM - Media producers use colour to specifically connect connotations to specific scenes, characters or objects. Red, for instance, is typically seen as a colour of passion, danger, romance, or violence. Green is connected with nature or sickness, blue with calm, peace, or melancholy.  2. TECHNICAL CODES The technical codes include sound, camera angles, types of shots and lighting. They may include, for example, ominous music to communicate danger in a feature film, or high-angle camera shots to create a feeling of power in a photograph. Technical codes in media may include Camerawork, Editing, Audio and Lighting.  2. TECHNICAL CODES Camerawork refers to how the camera is operated, positioned and moved for specific effects. Camerawork includes Positioning, Movement, Framing, Exposure, and Lens choice. Editing is the process of choosing, manipulating and arranging images and sound. Audio is the expressive or naturalistic use of sound. The three aspects of audio are: Dialogue, Sound effects, and Music. Lighting is the manipulation of natural or artificial light to selectively highlight specific elements of the scene  Types of Camera Shot Sizes 1. Extreme Wide Shot (ELS) 2. Full Shot (FS) 3. Medium Long Shot (MLS) / Medium Wide Shot (MWS) 4. Medium Shot (MS) 5. Medium Close Up (MCU) 6. Close Up (CU) 7. Extreme Close UP (ECU) 8. Bird’s eye view 9. Worm’s eye view  Types of Camera Shot Sizes Extreme Wide Shot (ELS) Filmed from so far away that the audience can no longer see the actor. The context of an extreme wide shot may indicate that the character(s) are somewhere in the scene, however. Extreme wide shots are often used as establishing shots.  Types of Camera Shot Sizes Full Shot (FS) The Long Shot (LS) shows the entire area Where the action takes place. The whole subject is in frame.  Types of Camera Shot Sizes 3. Medium Long Shot  Types of Camera Shot Sizes 4. Medium Shot (MS)  Types of Camera Shot Sizes 5. Medium Close Up (MCU)  Types of Camera Shot Sizes 6. Close Up (CU)  Types of Camera Shot Sizes 7. Extreme Close UP (ECU)  Types of Camera Shot Sizes 7. BIRD’S EYE VIEW SHOT  Types of Camera Shot Sizes 7. WORM’S EYE VIEW  PERFORMANCE TASK 3 CAPTURE 3 PHOTOS IN THE SCHOOL USING DIFFERENT CAMERA SHOTS. Theme of the photos of should be: NATURE, SCHOOL LIFE, AND HUMAN EMOTION.  PERFORMANCE TASK 3 Rubrics: Creativity/Quality 40% Accuracy of Shots 30% Photo Caption 20% Effort 10%  PERFORMANCE TASK 3 DIRECTIONS: YOU MAY ENHANCE THE PHOTO BY EMPLOYING BASIC EDITING. DO NOT CAPTURE A PHOTO OF YOU NOR OF YOUR CLASSMATES.  PERFORMANCE TASK 3 PUT YOUR WORK USING CANVA OR ANY COLLAGE MAKING APP. TYPE OF SHOT TITLE: CAPTION:  Types of Camera Shot Framing 1. Single Shot – What you shot captures one subject it’s known as a single shot. 2. Two Shot – is camera shot with two characters featured in the frame. 3. Three Shot – A three-shot features three characters in the frame. Types of Camera Shot Framing 4. Over-the Shoulder Shot (OTS)- Another elements of camera shots to consider is the perspective of the shot. An over-the-shoulder shot shows your subject 7 from behind the shoulder of another character. 5. Point-of-View Shot (POV) - A POV shot is camera shot that shows the viewer exactly what the character sees. This transports the audience into the character.  Written Codes Written codes are the language used in a media product. Just like technical and symbolic codes, written codes can be used to advance a narrative, communicate information about a character or issues and themes in the media product. Written codes include printed language which is text you can see within the frame and how it is presented, and also spoken language, which includes dialogue and song lyrics.  Written Codes Written Codes – it is use of language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc.) The study of written codes includes: Titles and headlines – Alice Guo: No Filipino, gov’t official helped fleeing in PH Font size and style Taglines – “We find ways.” “Abot mo ang mundo” “Bida ang sarap.” “Hahanap hanapin mo.” “Sarap ng filling mo.” Dialogue (in scripts) Captions and subtitles Slogans These codes work alongside visual and audio elements to create a complete message or story, and the choice of words, their structure, and presentation all influence the audience's understanding.  Written Codes Photo caption - also known as cut lines, are a few lines of text used to explain or elaborate on published photographs.  Written Codes Fugitive Kingdom of Jesus Christ (KOJC) pastor Apollo Quiboloy during a press conference at the PNP Headquarters in Camp Crame, Quezon City on September 9, 2024. Jire Carreon/ Rappler  Written Codes Senator Risa Hontiveros holds VP Sara’s ‘Isang Kaibigan’ book during the Kapihan sa Senado forum on Wednesday, in Pasay City. —Noy Morcoso/INQUIRER.net Written Codes  Written Codes Teachers and students of MNHS-SHS line up for flag retreat. Written Codes The nurse checks the old man’s blood pressure. Written Codes  Written Codes “buy now before time runs out,“ "limited time only,“ "don't miss out," and "get yours now before it's too late,"  MEDIA CONVENTIONS Conventions are accepted ways of using media codes. Conventions are closely connected to the audience expectations of a media product. Form conventions are the certain ways we expect types of media codes to be arranged. For instance, an audience expects to have a title of the film at the beginning, and then credits at the end. Newspapers will have the headline or the most important news on the front page and sports news on the back page. Black and gray scale means a flashback will happen.  MEDIA CONVENTIONS Story conventions are common narrative structures and understandings that are common in story telling media products. Examples of story conventions include: Character types, plot structures, themes, and settings. Genre conventions point to the common use of images, characters, settings or themes in a particular type of medium. Genre conventions are closely linked with audience expectations. Example: Horror genre, action genre. Media as watchdog MEDIA AS … Media expose the corruption of politicians and investigate different social issues. The media gathers information about the wrongdoings of the politicians. This refers to the “monitoring function” of the media. Media as entertainment Consumers of media find enjoyment and gratification from different media contents available in various media formats. Media contents like movies, soap operas, and variety shows affect our emotions and learn lessons from them. Media as biased A practice where media networks purposefully omit and select negative or positive sides of a person to defame or praise someone. This is called “one sided” reporting.  MEDIA AS … Media as gatekeeper This pertains to the controlling of information to be transmitted to the audience. For an instance, CNN Philippines decides what news will be aired and published. Media as agenda setter Media tells what are topics should be talked about or think about.  Activity Watch these controversial Philippine advertisements and answer the questions below: 1. What are the intended message and interpreted message of the ad? 2. What symbols, images, or icons are used in the advertisement, and what do they represent or suggest? 3. What camera angles and perspectives are employed in the ad, and how do they influence the viewer's perception? 4. Are there any special effects, animations, or graphics used to enhance the message or capture attention?