Midterms NCMB312 PDF

MIDTERMS NCMB312 PROBLEM WITH OXYGENATION, FLUID, & ELECTROLYTES NCMB 312, BSN-3-Y1-17| PROF. PAUL PARUNGAO & CAESAR ORDANZA | SEM 1 Electrolyte imbalance is common in clinical practice ELECTROLYTE/ ACID-BASE IMBALANCES...

MIDTERMS NCMB312 PROBLEM WITH OXYGENATION, FLUID, & ELECTROLYTES NCMB 312, BSN-3-Y1-17| PROF. PAUL PARUNGAO & CAESAR ORDANZA | SEM 1 Electrolyte imbalance is common in clinical practice ELECTROLYTE/ ACID-BASE IMBALANCES EARLIEST MANIFESTATION Your body’s function is to maintain balance - fluids, hormones, (any type of electrolyte imbalance) o2, waste products, nutrients. Any alteration in balance can cause disorder, diseases or medical conditions to pts. Understanding balances are beneficial for future nurses in Numbness managing different diseases. Tingling Paresthesia ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE mapataas, mapababa man yung valu nung electrolyte is it all the same na makakaranas nitong earliest manifestation. ~~Review in past lecture: Computation of total body fluid~~ UNIVERSAL MANIFESTATION 60% of human body weight = total body fluid (applies to all types of electrolyte imbalance) You have an ECF and ICF compartment that is around 1% in special areas in your body. E.g. spinal fluid, Muscle weakness pleural space fluid Total body fluid is can be affected by age, height, gender SODIUM In some references they said: ○ Men: 60% total body weight is fluid MAJOR EXTRACELLULAR CATION ○ Women: 50% total body weight is fluid Primary determinant of extracellular volume ○ kung nasaan ang Na, water will follow Total body fluid = weight (kg) x 0.6 male, 0.5 for females Amount of NA is also determinant of serum osmolality or the concentration of the solute/bloods E.g. 70 kg, male Normal: 135-145 mEq/L (Milliequivalents per litre) 70 kg x 0.6 ○ highest number (value) compared to other ⅔ ICF = (42L x 0.66 = 27.72 L) ⅓ ECF = (42 x 0.33 = 13.85L) electrolytes ○ Sya ang pinakamarami or pinakamataas na value among the electrolytes that's why it is ECF is subdivided into 2 compartments: 1) Interstitial said to be the primary determinant of ECF - space bet the cells; 2) Intravascular - fluids inside and the concentration of the blood. the blood vessels or circulation ○ Na greatly affects/influence the fluid volume- The concentration of solutes in intravascular and bcoz where Na is, H2o will follows interstitial spaces reflects each other. Meaning, the Normal range of ICF Na: 10-40 mEq/L amount of Na in the blood is also the reflection of the ○ based to sa other references Na in the interstitial space because they are both part Sodium is most abundant in the ECF. Meaning it is of the ECF. But it changes in ICF because we do not abundant in the interstitial and intravascular fluids - have direct access to the cells. Solutes cannot move bcoz remember the interstitial and intravascular freely to the cells due to the phospholipid bilayer concentration of Na is directly passing by in the ECF. component. But in the ICF, the Na is hindi basta-basta nakakapasok bcoz of the phospholipid bilayer - Disturbances in the electrolytes (cations & anions) ~ electrolytes prevents the entry of unnecessary electrolytes inside affects the movement of fluids inside the body. Any imbalance in the cells the electrolytes can cause problems in conditions of pts. And ○ Eg. of your action potential. If there is a this imbalances may be corrected or NEEDED to be sudden influx of Na inside the cells cause CORRECTED based on the hx taking, P.E, lab values contraction or depolarization of cells (specifically in blood - reflection of the ECF or the concentration ○ kaya nga if yung cells natin ay open lang, of solutes), comparing current findings from previous laboratory walang phospholipids bilayer ang mangyayari findings of electrolytes sa body natin is magiging contracted. So if contracted ang body natin it will lead to ADORIAS, ARMADA, DABUET, DORIA, GALVEZ, GRANADO, HERNANDEZ, LUMIARES, MIRANDA, PADASAS, RAQUINTAN, STA. CRUZ, SULIT 1 MIDTERMS NCMB312 PROBLEM WITH OXYGENATION, FLUID, & ELECTROLYTES NCMB 312, BSN-3-Y1-17| PROF. PAUL PARUNGAO & CAESAR ORDANZA | SEM 1 DEATH! That's why influx of Na is manage HYPONATREMIA through the sodium channels, even the calcium is manage by calcium channels. The purpose of those channels is kailangan Low amount of Na/ low volume / low concentration dumaan muna yung mga electrolyte na yun of Na in the blood sa channels na assigned sa kanila bago ○ “hypo” - low makapasok inside the cells and before ○ “natrium” - sodium creating a reaction. ○ “emia” - blood Na has a MAJOR ROLE in controlling water Refers to serum Na level