Midterm Week 1 - Principles of Design PDF

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN SY 2023- 2024 3  Design is the creation and organization of formal elements in a work of art. Design principle is a fundamental and comprehensive conce...

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN SY 2023- 2024 3  Design is the creation and organization of formal elements in a work of art. Design principle is a fundamental and comprehensive concept of visual perception for structuring and aesthetic composition. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 4 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Proportion and Scale Contrast Balance Hierarchy Rhythm THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 5  PROPORTION The proper harmonious relation of one part to another or to the whole. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 6 BASES OF PROPORTION NATURAL STRUCTURAL MANUFACTRED HISTORICAL MATERIALS PROPORTION PROPORTION PROPORTIONS PROPORTION Size and Proportion of “Desirable” Rational proportion materials according proportions proportion of according to their to the process developed in the through which they materials specific structural course of history. are manufactured. tasks THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 7  SCALE The size of something compared to a reference standard or to the size of something else. Two types: Visual Scale; and Human Scale THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 8  SCALE Visual Scale It refers to how small or large something appears to be in relation to its normal size or to the size of other things in its context. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 9  Visual Scale Reims Cathedral Reims, France. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 10  SCALE Human Scale Human scale in architecture is based on the dimensions and proportions of the human body. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 11  SCALE Human Scale THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 12 HUMAN SCALE the shape, color, and pattern of its bounding surfaces; the shape and disposition of its openings; and the nature and scale of the elements placed within it. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 13 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 14  CONTRAST Opposition or juxtaposition of dissimilar elements in a work of art to intensify each element’s properties and produce a more dynamic expressiveness. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 15  CONTRAST Contrast create visual variety, excitement and interest to the building and can be achieved by: using different sizes; different material, texture, and colors; or manipulating the light, shade, and shadow of masses. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 16  BALANCE A state of equilibrium between contrasting, opposing, or interacting elements. Also the pleasing or harmonious arrangement or proportion of parts or elements in a design or composition. Axis is a line established by two points in space and about which forms and spaces can be arranged in a regular or irregular manner. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 17  BALANCE Symmetrical Balance: monumental effect centralized formal radial Unsymmetrical Balance: informal Gravitational Balance: picturesqueness of surroundings. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 18  SYMMETRY Bilateral Symmetry Refers to the balanced arrangement of similar or equivalent elements on opposite sides of a median axis so that only one plane can divide the whole into essentially identical halves. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 19  BILATERAL SYMMETRY Unity Temple Oak Park, Illinois. Frank Lloyd Wright. Mult iple symm etries , bot h ma jor and minor, can add complexit y a nd hierarchy to a com posit ion as well as accommodate programm atic and contextual requirem en ts. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 20  BILATERAL SYMMETRY Unity Temple Oak Park, Illinois. Frank Lloyd Wright. Mult iple symm etries , bot h ma jor and minor, can add complexit y a nd hierarchy to a com posit ion as well as accommodate progra mm atic and contextual requirem en ts. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 21  BILATERAL SYMMETRY Monticello Virginia. Thomas Jefferson.. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 22 Monticello Virginia. Thomas Jefferson. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 23 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 24  SYMMETRY Radial Symmetry The balanced arrangement of similar, radiating elements such that the composition can be divided into similar halves by passing a plane at any angle around a center point or along a central axis. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 25 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 26 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 27  HIERARCHY The articulation of the importance or significance of a form or space by its size, shape, or placement relative to the other forms and spaces of the organization. exceptional size; a unique shape; or a strategic location. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 28  HIERARCHY By size: A form or space may dominate an architectural composition by being significantly different in size from all the other elements in the composition. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 29  HIERARCHY by SIZE: Savannah Georgia. James Oglethorpe.. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 30  HIERARCHY by SIZE Florence Cathedral Florence, Italy. View of Florence illustrating the dominance of the cathedral over the urban landscape. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 31  HIERARCHY By shape: A form or space can be made visually dominant and thus important by clearly differentiating its shape from that of the other elements in the composition. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 32 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 33 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 34  HIERARCHY By placement: A form or space may be strategically placed to call attention to itself as being the most important element in a composition. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 35  RHYTHM Movement characterized by a patterned repetition or alternation of formal elements or motifs in the same or a modified form. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 36 RHYTHM Slow and Fast Rhythm Complicating Rhythm THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 37 RHYTHM Terminating Rhythm Accenting Rhythm THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 38  REPETITION The act or process of repeating formal elements or motifs in a design. The simplest form of repetition is a linear pattern of redundant elements. They may be grouped according to: size; shape; or detail characteristics. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 39  REPETITION Classification of Temples From Vitruvius’ Ten Books of Architecture. Temples classified according to arrangements of the colonnades. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 40  REPETITION Salisbury Cathedral England. Structural patterns often incorporate the repetition of vertical supports at regular or harmonious intervals which define modular bays or divisions of space. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 41  REPETITION Katsura Imperial Village Kyoto, Japan. As in music, a rhythmic pattern may be legato, continuous and flowing, or staccato and abrupt in its pace or cadence. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 42  REPETITION Olympic Arena Kyoto, Japan. As in music, a rhythmic pattern may be legato, continuous and flowing, or staccato and abrupt in its pace or cadence. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 43  REPETITION Nautilus Shell The radial segments of a nautilus shell spiral outward in a reverberating manner from its center and maintain the shell’s organic unity through this pattern of additive growth. THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 SY 2023- 2024 44