Midterm Module in Character Formation - Nationalism and Patriotism PDF

MIDTERM MODULE IN CHARACTER FORMATION -NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM What is Heritage?  Heritage is the history, unique knowledge, values and traditions that have developed by a combination of genes and environment overtime.  Heritage can refer to practices or c...

MIDTERM MODULE IN CHARACTER FORMATION -NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM What is Heritage?  Heritage is the history, unique knowledge, values and traditions that have developed by a combination of genes and environment overtime.  Heritage can refer to practices or characteristics that are passed down through the years, from one generation to the next Filipino Heritage- UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.  It seeks to build peace through international cooperation in education, science and culture.  The sites are judged to contain “Cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value of humanity. World Heritage Site - Is the designation for places on Earth that are of outstanding universal value to humanity and as such, have been inscribed on the World Heritage List to be protected for future generations to appreciate and enjoy -Our Filipino heritage is the legacy that our ancestors left us. From buildings and structures to social practices, oral traditions, and living expressions, our heritage speaks of what we have been through as a country, and it speaks of the resilience of those who came. Cultural sites and Natural sites 1. A cultural site refers to a location that holds significant historical, archaeological, or cultural importance. These sites are often associated with a particular community, civilization, or cultural heritage and are recognized for their value in preserving the history and traditions of a group of people 2. A natural site refers to a location that is primarily defined by its natural features, such as landscapes, ecosystems, geological formations, or biodiversity. These sites are significant for their ecological, geological, or environmental value and often represent areas of outstanding natural beauty or importance Historic Town of Vigan Location: Ilocos Sur Year inscribed in UNESCO:1999 Type: Cultural The 16th century town of Vigan is “an exceptionally intact and well-preserved example of a European trading town in East and East Asia”. Its architecture reflects the fusion of cultural elements from the Philippines, China and Europe, resulting in a culture and townscape that has no parallel anywhere in East and Southeast Asia. Seemingly impervious to time, spared from rebellion and the ravages of war, Vigan has remained unchanged, and its many preserved historic sites more than 180 edifices make it look like "a piece of Spain." With its grand cathedral, massive mansions with red-tile roofs and spacious balconies, narrow cobblestone streets, horse drawn carriages, and friendly faces peering out of large windows, Vigan is a place where "time stood still." Church of San Agustin (Paoay Church) Location: Paoay, Ilocos Norte Year inscribed in UNESCO:1993 Type: Cultural Paoay's San Agustin Church, built in 1604, is one of the most outstanding variants of "earthquake baroque" in the Philippines, where the primary consideration was to design structure for earthquake protection. The façade of San Agustin Church is astounding but its most prominent feature is the phalanx of buttresses that juts out perpendicularly from the sidewalls, purposely to strengthen the walls and the entire structure - against earthquake damage. Fourteen massive S-shaped buttresses rise in rhythmic cadence from the ground to the roofline. The church is an eye-catcher as it emerges from a beautiful open space, unlike many other churches located within urban settings. Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion Church Location: Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur Year inscribed in UNESCO:1993 Type: Cultural The Church of Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion in Santa Maria is unique for its utter disregard for the traditional Spanish urban plan of constructing the church to face the plaza, and less imposing religious and official buildings grouped around. It also has a citadel appearance as the church, with its convent and bell tower, stands alone on the crown of a solitary hill encircled by a stone wall, with stone stairways leading to the church. It is the only church in the Philippines exuding the ambience of a Mediterranean hill town with its convent built parallel to the church façade and its bell tower detached from the main church. Evoking a Chinese pagoda, the bell tower of octagonal shapes of decreasing diameter is crowned by a small dome, tapering to the sky with an oriental grace. Miag-ao Church or Church of Santo Tomas De Villanueva Location: Miag-ao, Iloilo Year inscribed in UNESCO:1993 Type: Cultural Built in yellow-orange sandstone, the large fortress- church of Miag-ao was completed in 1797. It served as a fortress against raids of marauding Moro pirates. The church is amazingly beautiful because of its two asymmetric pyramidal towers and its finely sculptured, yellow sandstone facade. Filipino master cravers incised the church’s entire surface. The church of Santo Tomas de Villanueva is one of the best examples of the fusion of the western Baroque style embellished with Filipino folk motifs. With, it’s not surprising why this church is among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites Philippines. Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras Location: Ifugao Province Year inscribed in UNESCO:1995 Type: Cultural Known as the "eighth wonder of the world," the terraces were carved with only simple tools and bare hands. They are fed by an ancient irrigation system, an ingenious complex of bamboo pipes and canals, drawing water from streams created by bubbling springs located in the mountain rainforests. Considered as a monument to man's genius in turning a rugged and forbidding terrain into a source of sustenance, the rice terraces stand to be the most awe-inspiring man-made landscape in the Cordilleras. They are also invariably called "The Stairway to the Sky." Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park Location: Puerto Princesa, Palawan Year inscribed in UNESCO:1999 Type: Natural The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park features a spectacular limestone karst landscape with its underground river. The river is unique because it flows directly into the sea, and its lower portion is subject to tidal influences. The area also represents a significant habitat for biodiversity conservation. The site contains a whole ecosystem from mountain to the sea and protects forests, which are among the most significant in Asia. A highlight of each visit is a ride through its 8 km-long underground river which runs through a dome of stalactites complemented by stalagmites running the entire length of the cave. The park is a popular destination for bird watching and is known for regular sightings of threatened bird species of Palawan peacock-peasant and Philippine cockatoo and the endemic birds Palawan scops owl, swiftlet, hornbill, fly eater and blue flycatcher, tit and flowerpecker. It is blessed to have the Palawan flying fox, Oriental small-clawed otter, stink badger, binturong, flying squirrel, mountain tree squirrel and porcupine. The park also features an exciting Monkey Trail with its series of wooden paths to the forest. Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park Location: Palawan Year inscribed in UNESCO:1993,2009 Type: Natural Tubbataha is every diver's heaven. It is, after all, right smack in the center of the Coral Triangle, the global center of marine biodiversity. Housed in almost 100,000 hectares of the reef ecosystem are over 350 species of coral, almost 500 species of fish, and various kinds of whales, dolphins, sharks, and turtles. It also protects one of the few remaining colonies of breeding seabirds. It was the first-ever national marine park to be declared in the country after it was established in 1988 by former President Corazon Aquino. Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary Location:Davao Year inscribed in UNESCO:2014 Type: Natural Forming a mountain ridge running north-south along the Pujada Peninsula in the south-eastern part of the Eastern Mindanao Biodiversity Corridor, the Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary has an elevation range of 75-1,637 m above sea level and provides critical habitat for a range of plant and animal species. The property showcases terrestrial and aquatic habitats at different elevations, and includes threatened and endemic flora and fauna species, eight of which are found only at Mount Hamiguitan. These include critically endangered trees, plants and the iconic Philippine eagle and Philippine cockatoo. San Agustine Church Location: Intramuros, Manila Year inscribed in UNESCO:1993 Type: Cultural The San Agustin Church in Intramuros, Manila, officially known as the Church of the Immaculate Conception of San Agustin, is an inscribed World Heritage Site (WHS) in The Baroques Churches of the Philippines was inscribed in the WHS list because of criterion : the group of churches established a style of building and design that was adapted to the physical conditions in the Philippines which had an important influence on later church architecture in the region, and criterion : the Baroque Churches of the Philippines represent the fusion of European church design and construction using local materials and decorative motifs to form a new church-building tradition. San Agustin Church displays specific features such as retablos (altars) of high Baroque style, in wall buttresses separating crypto collateral chapels, the fusion of styles is also seen in the construction of bell towers, and lastly, in ceiling paintings in the tromp l’oeil style. Considered the oldest and longest-standing church in the country. The church was the only structure left intact in Intramurals during World War II. WHAT IS A LANGUAGE?  A language is a system of communication which consists of a set of sounds and written symbols which are used by the people of a particular country or region for talking or writing. FILIPINO LANGUAGE  It is national language of the Philippines and one of its two official languages, the other being English.  It is based on Tagalog; the language spoken in the capital region and neighboring provinces and serves as a lingua franca in a country that has more than 180 languages and dialects. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND  The development of the Filipino language can be traced back to the country's colonial history.  During the Spanish colonization (1565–1898), Spanish was the official language.  When the United States colonized the Philippines in 1898, English gradually replaced Spanish as the language of education and government.  The idea of having a national language based on one of the native languages was first proposed during the 1934 Constitutional Convention.  constitution of 1935 mandated the development of a national language based on an existing native language. Tagalog was chosen as the basis for the national language, which was initially called "Pilipino" and later renamed "Filipino" under the 1987 Constitution. TOP 10 MOST FAMOUS LANGUAGE 1.Tagalog (Filipino)  Origin: Tagalog, part of the Austronesian language family, evolved from the languages spoken by early Austronesian settlers around 1000 BCE. It became the basis for Filipino, the national language, officially recognized in 1937.  Speakers: Approximately 28 million native speakers, with around 45 million using it as a second language across the country. 2. Cebuano (Bisaya)  Origin: Cebuano developed from the Austronesian languages of the Visayas region, spoken by early inhabitants. It evolved through centuries of interaction between local cultures and traders from Southeast Asia.  Speakers: About 21 million native speakers, primarily in Cebu, Bohol, parts of Mindanao, and Negros Oriental. 3. Ilocano (Ilokano)  Origin: Ilocano is another Austronesian language, originating from the northern region of Luzon. It evolved from the early languages spoken by the settlers in the Ilocos region, dating back to at least the first millennium AD. -  Speakers: Around 8 million native speakers, predominantly in Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, and parts of Cagayan Valley. 4. Hiligaynon (Ilonggo)  Origin: Hiligaynon is rooted in the Visayan group of Austronesian languages and has been spoken for centuries by the people of Western Visayas. The name "Ilonggo" is often associated with the language spoken in Iloilo City.  Speakers: Around 7 million native speakers, mainly in Iloilo, Bacolod, and surrounding provinces in Western Visayas. 5. Waray-Waray   Origin: Waray-Waray evolved from the Austronesian languages spoken in the Eastern Visayas. It has been used by the Waray people, influenced by pre-colonial trade routes and interactions in the region.  Speakers: Approximately 3 million speakers, primarily in the provinces of Samar and Leyte. 6. Kapampangan  Origin: Kapampangan is another Austronesian language that evolved in Central Luzon. It has deep roots in the Pampanga region, with early settlers in the area having spoken this language for centuries before Spanish colonization.  Speakers: About 2.9 million native speakers, mostly in Pampanga and parts of Tarlac and Bataan. 7. Bikol(Bicolano)  Origin: Bikol is an Austronesian language spoken in the Bicol region. It evolved from the early languages spoken by the indigenous populations of Southern Luzon, influenced by trade and migration.  Speakers: Around 2.5 million people are mainly in Naga, Legazpi, and surrounding provinces of the Bicol region. 8. Pangasinan  Origin: Pangasinan is part of the Northern Philippine languages, with Austronesian origins. It has been spoken by the people of Pangasinan for centuries and shares similarities with other Northern Luzon languages.  Speakers: Around 1.5 million speakers, primarily in Pangasinan and parts of La Union. 9. Maranao  Origin: Maranao is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people of Mindanao. It has been influenced by Islamic culture and traders from neighboring Malay-speaking regions, dating back to the 14th century when Islam was introduced in the Philippines.  Speakers: About 1.4 million people mostly in the Lanao region of Mindanao. 10. Tausug  Origin: Tausug belongs to the Austronesian family and has been spoken by the Tausug people of the Sulu Archipelago for centuries. The language has been influenced by Islamic traders and settlers, as well as Spanish and Malay cultures.  Speakers: Approximately 1.1 million speakers, primarily in Sulu, Basilan, and parts of Zamboanga. ENDANGERED PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES 1. Inibaloi (Benguet)  Spoken by the Ibaloi people of Benguet in the Cordillera region.  Reason: Decreased intergenerational transmission due to migration and the use of Ilocano and Filipino for wider communication. 2. Isinai (Nueva Vizcaya)  A language spoken by the Isinai people in parts of Nueva Vizcaya.  Reason: Speakers are shifting to Ilocano and Filipino, leaving the younger generations with limited knowledge of the language. 3. Manide (Camarines Norte)  Spoken by the indigenous Manide people in Bicol region.   Reason: The spread of Bikol and Tagalog in the region has led to declining use of Manide, especially among younger speakers. 4. Tausug (Sulu Archipelago)  Although still widely spoken, Tausug is increasingly threatened in areas where the local population migrates or intermingles with other groups.  Reason: Conflict, displacement, and preference for Filipino and English among younger generations contribute to its weakening in certain areas. 5. Batak (Palawan)  A language spoken by the Batak, an indigenous group in Palawan.  Reason: The language is at risk due to the shrinking population of Batak speakers and the influence of Tagalog. 6. Kinaray-a (Western Visayas)  Spoken in certain parts of Panay and Western Visayas.  Reason: The prevalence of Hiligaynon, especially in urban centers, and the use of Filipino and English have led to fewer speakers. WHY ARE LANGUAGE ENDANGERED? 1. Urbanization and Migration:  Many indigenous groups have migrated to urban areas or different regions for better economic opportunities, where they are exposed to dominant languages like Filipino, English, or regional lingua francas (e.g., Cebuano, Ilocano). 2. Education and Media:  Schools predominantly use Filipino and English for instruction, which limits the exposure of younger generations to their local languages. The media also plays a major role, as television, radio, and the internet mostly use Filipino and English. 3. Language Prestige:  Filipino and English are often perceived as more prestigious, being associated with education, employment, and modernity. This creates a shift in preference among parents who want their children to speak more dominant languages. 4. Government Policy:  While the Philippines promotes multilingualism, national policies and education favor Filipino and English, marginalizing smaller languages. 5. Intermarriage:  In regions where different ethnic groups interact, intermarriage often results in families using a more dominant language, which diminishes the use of smaller, local languages at home. Republic Act No. 7104 (August 14, 1991)  Republic Act No. 7104 (August 14, 1991) created the Commission on the Filipino Language. The Commission on the Filipino Language (CFL) undertakes, coordinates, and promotes research for the development, propagation, and preservation of Filipino and other Philippine languages. Republic Act No. 11106  Republic Act 11106 or The Filipino Sign Language Act was signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte declaring the Filipino Sign Language as the national sign language of the Filipino Deaf.   approved on October 30, 2018, "An Act Declaring the Filipino Sign Language as the National Sign Language of the Filipino Deaf and the Official Sign Language of Government in All Transactions involving the Deaf, and Mandating its Use in Schools, Broadcast Media and Workplaces - known as "The Filipino Sign Language Act The Filipino language is more than just a means of communication; it is a symbol of national identity and unity. As the Philippines continues to develop, so does its language, embracing influences while maintaining its unique cultural roots. Efforts to promote and preserve Filipino must continue to ensure that it remains relevant and vibrant in the face of changing times. FILIPINO FOOD  Filipinos are big eaters, even though it is not obviously seen in their petite bodies.  The Philippines is known as Asia’s melting pot because of the uniqueness and variety of our food.  Filipinos can’t go a day without including rice in their meals.  They love plain rice matched with salted fish, chicken and meat.  They serve rice first followed by the various viands they have grown to eat and cook. National Dish of Philippines  Lechon is a famous pork dish that begins with a suckling pig that is roasted over charcoal. Lechon is originated in Spain and spread throughout all the areas where she had former colonial powers. The word lechon comes from the Spanish word, lechón, which means suckling pig. It is the national dish of The Philippines. Cebu is considered to have the best Lechon on the Islands of The Philippines. WHAT IS A SPORT?  An activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment.  Often competitive and organized, sports use, maintain, or improve physical ability and skills. They also provide enjoyment to participants and, in some cases, entertainment to spectators. Many sports exist, with different participant numbers, some are done by a single person FILIPINO SPORT Republic Act No. 6847 (January 24, 1990) created the Philippine Sports Commission as a regulatory national agency with the responsibility of coordinating all amateur sports development programs and institutions in the Philippines and formulating policies on said programs/institutions. This Act shall be known as "The Philippine Sports Commission Act. Mandate: The Philippine Sports Commission (PSC) provides leadership, formulates policies, and sets priorities and direction for all amateur sports promotion and development, particularly giving emphasis on grassroots participation. Arnis is recognized as a national sport in the Philippines via Republic Act 9850 signed by President Gloria Arroyo on December 11, 2009. The sport is mandated to be taught in physical education classes in schools in the Philippines. The Filipino people's sense of nationalism, patriotism, and national identity is reflected in Arnis as a part of their rich historical and cultural heritage. Article 197 (RPC). Betting in sports Contest   Penalizing any person who shall bet money or any object or article of value or representative of value. upon the result of any boxing or other sports contest.  The penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos, or bot. FILIPINO LITERATURE  Philippine literature is literature associated with the Philippines from prehistory, through its colonial legacies, and on to the present. Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature was epics passed on from generation to generation, originally through an oral tradition.  Filipino writers continue to write poetry, poems, short stories, novellas, novels, and essays, whether these are social, committed, gender/ethnic related, or personal in intention or not. Oral traditions like spoken poetry, dramas and plays.  It is important because it tells the story of our people. It captures the essence of who we are as a nation and helps us understand our culture and history. By reading and studying Philippine Literature, we can appreciate our heritage and learn more about ourselves. FILIPINO DANCE  Folk dance is an essential part of Filipino culture and heritage. It reflects the country's history, traditions, and beliefs. Filipino folk dances often tell stories through movements and music, depicting various aspects of Filipino life, including daily activities, festivals, rituals, and social customs. TINIKLING. This is the most popular and best known of the Philippine dances and is honored as the Philippine National Dance. It is a well-known folk dance that involves dancers stepping over and between two bamboo poles that are being beaten, tapped, and slid on the ground. It requires a great deal of coordination and rhythm to avoid injury and makes for a very dynamic performance. The dance originated in Leyte and the name is a reference to the tikling birds that walk between grass stems, run over tree branches, and dodge bamboo traps set by farmers. This dance is even taught all over the United States, with the younger generation adding their own modern twist to it. MAGLALATIK. It is a folk dance usually performed by male dancers and which integrates the use of coconut shells. This is a mock war dance that depicts a battle over the highly prized coconut meat. Dancers wear coconut shell halves on their hands and on their vests. The dance is performed by hitting the shells in time to a fast drumbeat. Maglalatik is typically performed during the religious procession of Biñan, Laguna as an offering to San Isidro de Labrador, the patron saint of farmers. FILIPINO MUSIC  Music is a way for one to visualize life and instigate profound memories. In a cultural context, music is an intrinsic part of gatherings, festivals, and belief systems. Sound and rhythm patterns give a particular perspective into an individual's opinions of the culture, subcultures and social issues of the times.   Philippine music is deeply embedded in our culture because it is uniquely ours. It reflects the beauty of our language and the richness of our heritage. Our traditional music is a mix of indigenous and colonial influences, and over the years, it has evolved into a distinctive style that is distinctly Filipino.  Traditional music stands as a vital heritage, echoing a community's history, values, and identity.  Folk songs, Harana, polka, Kumintang, and kundiman are traditional secular music forms of Luzon. Folk songs express the everyday lives, customs, and beliefs of Filipinos. In the Philippines, it is quite possible to see instruments such as flat gongs, bamboo cymbals, flaps, feather-shaped percussion pipes, and brass Jewish harps. In addition to all these, boss gongs, ring flutes, log drums, xylophones, single-string violins, and hanging stringers are used in the south. 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES The 1987 Constitution established a representative democracy with power divided among three separate and independent branches of government: the Executive, a bicameral Legislature, and the Judiciary. Which it is the laws of the land. Represented as the guide in creating a bill to be a law. PREAMBLE We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.  The constitution envisions far-reaching, progressive socio-economic change and incorporates both social and economic rights as well as open-ended policy goals.  It is rooted in a history of constitutional text and practice that has led to the institutionalization of universalist rights-democratic theory in the Philippines.  The constitution's drafting and ratification in 1986 marked a significant milestone in the country's political history, heralding the maturing of democracy and predicting social and economic success. ARTICLE I NATIONAL TERRITORY The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines. It is composed of 7,107 islands, with a land area of 299,764 sq. kilometers. Its length measures 1,850 kilometers, starting from the point near the southern tip of Taiwan and ending close to northern Borneo. Its breadth is about 965 kilometers.