MIDTERM-MODULE-2.2.2-GEC-107-2.pdf

MIDTERM MODULE 2.2.2 – GEC 107 RENATO U. POLO, PHD. Science and Technology During the Pre-Colonial Period During the pre-colonial period, science and technology in the Philippines and many other parts of the world were grounded in practical knowledge and skills de...

MIDTERM MODULE 2.2.2 – GEC 107 RENATO U. POLO, PHD. Science and Technology During the Pre-Colonial Period During the pre-colonial period, science and technology in the Philippines and many other parts of the world were grounded in practical knowledge and skills developed over generations. Indigenous people, living in harmony with nature, utilized scientific principles in their daily lives, primarily through agriculture, fishing, and the creation of tools, shelter, and clothing. Agriculture and Food Production Pre-colonial communities had a deep understanding of agricultural practices, evident in their ability to cultivate various crops like rice, root vegetables, fruits, and other staple plants. They used advanced irrigation systems, such as the banaue rice terraces of the Ifugao people, a marvel of early engineering and sustainability that demonstrated a profound understanding of water management, erosion control, and terracing techniques. In coastal regions, fishing communities developed methods for sustainable fishing using traps, nets, and spears. Indigenous people had an intimate knowledge of the seasons, tides, and marine ecosystems, which they used to maintain a steady food supply. Medicine and Healing Indigenous Filipinos practiced herbal medicine using plants and natural resources to treat ailments. Babaylans or shamans, often women, were the healers and spiritual leaders of communities. They had a vast knowledge of medicinal plants and remedies, some of which are still used in modern-day traditional medicine. Pre-colonial societies also used massage therapy, natural oils, and rituals for healing, showcasing an integrated understanding of both physical and spiritual health. Textiles and Weaving Pre-colonial Filipinos were skilled in weaving textiles from plant fibers like abaca, cotton, and pineapple leaves. Using intricate looms, they created beautiful fabrics with geometric patterns and designs. These weaving techniques were passed down through generations and reflect a mastery of both craftsmanship and material science, as they understood how to manipulate natural fibers into durable, functional clothing. Architecture and Engineering The architecture during the pre-colonial period was adapted to the tropical climate. Indigenous housing, such as the bahay kubo (nipa hut), was made from bamboo, wood, and palm leaves, showcasing early principles of sustainable architecture. These homes were built on stilts to avoid flooding and pests, with steep roofs to allow rainwater to run off easily, reflecting an understanding of environmental adaptation. Navigation and Boat Building The indigenous people, particularly those living along the coasts, excelled in maritime navigation and boat building. They constructed balangays (large wooden boats) using advanced woodworking techniques and sailed them across the seas for trade, exploration, and migration. The pre-colonial Filipinos had an extensive knowledge of the stars, ocean currents, and wind patterns, which they used for long-distance navigation, allowing them to connect with neighboring islands and regions. Metalworking and Tool-making Communities during the pre-colonial era also developed early forms of metallurgy. They were skilled in forging iron to make weapons, farming tools, and ornaments. The craftsmanship of metal tools and weaponry, such as bolos, spears, and knives, demonstrates early technological advances in tool-making and metallurgy. Conclusion Science and technology during the pre-colonial period were not formally institutionalized like they are today, but they were deeply embedded in the daily lives of the indigenous people. Their knowledge systems were based on observation, experimentation, and a close relationship with nature. These skills and practices, although simple by modern standards, were highly sophisticated for the time and laid the foundation for later developments in science and technology.