MHM93.pdf

11/13/23, 5:03 PM Realizeit for Student Major Depressive Disorder Major depressive disorder typically involves 2 weeks or more of a sad mood or lack of interest in life activities, with at least four other symptoms of depression such as anhedonia and changes in weight, sleep, energy, concentration...

11/13/23, 5:03 PM Realizeit for Student Major Depressive Disorder Major depressive disorder typically involves 2 weeks or more of a sad mood or lack of interest in life activities, with at least four other symptoms of depression such as anhedonia and changes in weight, sleep, energy, concentration, decision-making, self-esteem, and goals. Major depression is twice as common in women and has a one-and-a-half to three times greater incidence in first-degree relatives than in the general population. Incidence of depression decreases with age in women and increases with age in men. Single and divorced people have the highest incidence. Depression in prepubertal boys and girls occurs at an equal rate (Akiskal, 2017). Onset and Clinical Course An untreated episode of depression can last from a few weeks to months or even years, though most episodes clear in about 6 months. Some people have a single episode of depression, while 50% to 60% will have a recurrence of depression. Approximately 20% will develop a chronic form of depression. Depressive symptoms can vary from mild to severe. The degree of depression is comparable with the person’s sense of helplessness and hopelessness. Some people with severe depression (about 20%) have psychotic features (Akiskal, 2017). DSM5-TR DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA: Major Depressive Disorder A. Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; a depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. B. Note: Do not include symptoms that are clearly attributable to another medical condition. 1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observation mad In children and adolescents can be irritable mood.) 2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective accoun 3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., a change of > 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite n consider failure to make expected weight gain.) 4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day. 5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed dow 6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day. 7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about 8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others). 9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for C. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. D. The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition. E. Note: Criteria A to C represent a major depressive episode. F. Note: Responses to a significant loss (e.g., bereavement, financial ruin, losses from a natural disaster, a serious medical illness or disability) ma rumination about the loss, insomnia, poor appetite, and weight loss noted in Criterion A, which may resemble a depressive episode. Although s considered appropriate to the loss, the presence of a major depressive episode in addition to the normal response to a significant loss should a inevitably requires the exercise of clinical judgment based on the individual’s history and the cultural norms for the expression of distress in the con G. The occurrence of the major depressive episode is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, de unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. H. There has never been a manic episode or a hypomanic episode. I. Note: This exclusion does not apply if all of the manic-like or hypomanic-like episodes are substance induced or are attributable to the physiologi https://herzing.realizeithome.com/RealizeitApp/Student.aspx?Token=0Dn26kXyU%2f6F5gOCz4%2f2IY5AVRxKv3ZzVm0LueHgbV26UTbZPtS898wLYuV4KiLv… 1/1